Relationship between physicochemical characteristics and gene expression in lettuce as a tool for genetic improvement

Alface ( Lactuca sativa L.) is a leafy vegetable worldwide consumed. It is found in its constitution vitamins and minerals, as well as bioactive compounds, such as phenolic compounds, flavonoids and anthocyanins. Since anthocyanins are responsible for the red color of the leaves and in the body prevents the appearance of non-communicable chronic diseases by the fight against free radicals. The lettuce for being present in the diet of the population becomes a promising plant for biofortification with the selection of plants with high levels of anthocyanins. The objective of the present work was to study the quantitative distribution of anthocyanin in leaves of lettuce plants of a segregating F2 population obtained from the initial crossing between two color contrasting parents (green and red).. The color, anthocyanin and flavonoid contents, as well as color correlation with anthocyanin content and the heritability of these characteristics. It was concluded that the anthocyanin content in leaves of lettuce is controlled by more than one gene with partial dominance of the genes that confer higher levels. Intense red coloration can be used as an alternative in lettuce breeding programs to identify superior lettuce genotypes with high anthocyanin content. Transgressive segregation as well as the higher heritability values observed in the studied traits will allow selecting in segregating generations, superior genotypes in accordance with the proposed objectives.Alface ( Lactuca sativa L.) is a leafy vegetable worldwide consumed. It is found in its constitution vitamins and minerals, as well as bioactive compounds, such as phenolic compounds, flavonoids and anthocyanins. Since anthocyanins are responsible for the red color of the leaves and in the body prevents the appearance of non-communicable chronic diseases by the fight against free radicals. The lettuce for being present in the diet of the population becomes a promising plant for biofortification with the selection of plants with high levels of anthocyanins. The objective of the present work was to study the quantitative distribution of anthocyanin in leaves of lettuce plants of a segregating F2 population obtained from the initial crossing between two color contrasting parents (green and red).. The color, anthocyanin and flavonoid contents, as well as color correlation with anthocyanin content and the heritability of these characteristics. It was concluded that the anthocyanin content in leaves of lettuce is controlled by more than one gene with partial dominance of the genes that confer higher levels. Intense red coloration can be used as an alternative in lettuce breeding programs to identify superior lettuce genotypes with high anthocyanin content. Transgressive segregation as well as the higher heritability values observed in the studied traits will allow selecting in segregating generations, superior genotypes in accordance with the proposed objectives

Adubos orgânicos no cultivo e nutrição mineral de tomateiroMineral nutrition of tomato plants grown under organic compound

A aplicação indiscriminada de cama de frango ao solo é um dos principais fatores que podem transformar o fertilizante orgânico em poluente do solo, das águas e da atmosfera, além de causar toxidez às plantas. Esta pesquisa objetivou estudar a ação de oito tipos de compostos orgânicos produzidos com diferentes porcentagens de cama de frango e cana de açúcar triturada sobre a nutrição do tomateiro. A pesquisa no campo foi conduzida em blocos casualizados em arranjo fatorial dois por oito [duas cultivares de tomate (Santa Clara e Híbrido F1 Verano) e oito tipos de compostos orgânicos denominados Bokashi Alternativo (BA)], com três repetições. Avaliou-se macro e micronutrientes nas folhas das cultivares de tomateiro. Concluiu-se que os tipos de BA, com exceção de BA1 (sem cama de frango na sua composição), produziram efeitos adequados para a nutrição mineral do tomateiro.Abstract Indiscriminate application of poultry litter to the ground is one of the causes that can turn organic fertilizer polluting the soil, water and air as well as toxic to the plants. This study aimed to measure the effect of eight kinds of fertilizer of organic origin, produced through composting of different percentages of poultry litter and sugarcane tritured on the nutrition of tomato. The research was developed at EPAMIG / URECO - Santa Rita Experimental field in Prudente de Morais, MG. In the field the study was conducted in a randomized block in factorial arrangement 2 x 8 [two cultivars of tomato (Santa Clara and Verano F1) and 8 types of organic compounds called Bokashi Alternative (BA)], with three replications. It was evaluated macro and micronutrients in the leaves of tomato cultivars . It was concluded that the types of BA , except BA1 (without poultry litter in its composition) produced adequate effects for the mineral nutrition of tomato

ANTIOXIDANT PROFILE OF CANADA LETTUCE (LACTUCA CANADENSIS) AND MADEIRA VINE (ANREDERA CORDIFOLIA) MINIMALLY PROCESSED

This study aimed to evaluate the stability of natural antioxidants in minimally processed Anredera cordifolia and Lactuca canadensis and their physical-chemical and antioxidant characteristics at time zero of storage (T0) and after 3, 6, 9 and 12 days, at temperature of 7 °C. For the attribute color, L. canadensis did not show significant differences between the parameters, whereas A. cordifolia showed variation in its lightness from the third day of storage. Both vegetables had significant increments of pH, which ranged from 5.77 to 6.16 in A. cordifolia and from 6.23 to 6.43 in L. canadensis. The contents of soluble solids also increased significantly, from 2.28 to 4.17 °Brix and from 4.89 to 6.30 °Brix in A. cordifolia and L. canadensis, respectively. No significant difference was observed in total titratable acidity at any of the times evaluated (p>0.05). Among the bioactive compounds of the minimally processed vegetables, the contents of carotenoids, tannins and total phenolic compounds were affected by storage, demonstrating that this process has influence on the concentrations of the natural antioxidants studied.O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a estabilidade de antioxidantes naturais em bertalha e almeirão-de-árvore minimamente processados, bem como suas características físico-químicas, no ato do armazenamento (T0) e após 3, 6, 9 e 12 dias, na temperatura de 7 °C. Em relação ao atributo cor, o almeirão não apresentou diferença significativa entre os parâmetros, já a bertalha, a partir do terceiro dia de armazenamento, demostrou variação em sua luminosidade. As duas hortaliças apresentaram aumentos significativos de pH, variando de 5.77 a 6.16 para a bertalha e de 6.23 a 6.43 para o almeirão. Os teores de sólidos solúveis também aumentaram significativamente, 2.28 a 4.17 °Brix e de 4.89 a 6.30 °Brix para bertalha e almeirão, respectivamente. Já a acidez total titulável não apresentou diferença significativa para nenhum dos tempos avaliados (p>0.05). Dentre os compostos bioativos das hortaliças minimamente processadas, os carotenoides, taninos e compostos fenólicos totais sofreram interferência do armazenamento sobre o seu conteúdo, demonstrando haver influência desse processo sobre as concentrações dos antioxidantes naturais estudados

Profile of phytochemistry and antioxidant activity of sorrel in function of organic fertilization and density of plantio

The revival of non-conventional edible plants enables important gains in nutritional, social, cultural, economic, and environmental points of view. Among them, sorrel — Rumex acetosa L. — has been deemed pleasant by consumers due to its acid taste. As we do not have a lot of phytotechnical and nutritional information about this plant, the objective was to assess the influence of different spacing sets and cattle manure dosages on their physical-chemical characteristics and bioactive compounds content with antioxidant action. Randomized blocks with four repetitions was chosen as experimental design, using a scheme of subdivided plots, with five dosages of weather-beaten cattle manure in the plots and two sets of spacing in the subplots. Data was submitted to a variance analysis with two factors (two-way ANOVA). It was not verified any significant effect (P>0.05) in the interaction Dosage x Spacing. Fertilization dosages and spacing sets did not have any effect on color and total soluble solids average contents, humidity, titratable acidity, and phenolic compounds. Increasing dosages of organic fertilizer, up to 75 kg ha-1, reduced the plant’s pH; above that amount, pH rose. Presence of anthocyanins and vitamin C was not detected. The total carotenoids average content was not influenced by the manure factor, and the plant presented greater total carotenoids content in the smallest spacing. Antioxidant activity [1.0 mg mL-1], although inferior to the standards that were used (BHT, vitamin C and quercetin), was quite representative. A conclusion was reached that fertilizing with weather-beaten cattle manure had an effect only on pH, and cropping spacing had an influence only on carotenoids content. Other phytochemicals and physical-chemical characteristics were not influenced in sorrel plants with different levels of fertilization and sets of spacing

Formação de mudas de alface em bandejas preenchidas com diferentes substratos

This study was conducted in the Department of Horticulture and Experimentation at the University Jose do Rosario Vellano (UNIFENAS) in Alfenas-MG, Brasil in order to evaluate the formation of lettuce seedlings in trays filled with different substrates. The materials used to compose the substrates were pig bed base with wood shavings (M), pig bed with base coffee straw (C), earthworm humus (H) and commercial substrates Nutriorg (R) and Plantmax (R) The use of these pure substrates and various mixtures permitted the formation of 18 substrates that constituted the treatments. The experimental design was a completely randomized design with three replications. The lettuce seedlings were formed with the lettuce cultivar Regina. The seeds were sown in trays with 128 cells filled with the substrates under study. Each experimental unit was compost of 64 cells. The conduct of the experiment was within a protective structure of 85 m 2, model chapel with transparent plastic cover 100 microns thickness, additives against ultraviolet rays. After 30 days of sowing, ten seedlings were harvested randomly within each experimental unit for evaluating the number of leaves and the plant height. It was also evaluated the fresh and dry mass of aerial part and fresh and dry mass of root. It was concluded that the substrate T1 - M met the best features for the formation of lettuce seedlings in trays of 128 cells.O presente trabalho foi conduzido no Setor de Olericultura e Experimentação da Universidade José do Rosário Vellano (UNIFENAS), no município de Alfenas - MG, Brasil, com o objetivo de avaliar a formação de mudas de alface em bandejas preenchidas com diferentes substratos. Os materiais usados para compor os substratos foram a cama de suínos com base de maravalha (M), cama de suínos com base de palha de café (C), húmus de minhoca (H) e os substratos comerciais Nutriorg® e Plantmax®. O uso puro destes substratos e várias misturas possibilitaram a formação de 18 substratos que constituiram os tratamentos. O arranjo experimental foi o delineamento inteiramente ao acaso, com três repetições. As mudas de alface formadas foram da cultivar Regina. A semeadura foi realizada em bandejas de isopor com 128 células, preenchidas com os substratos em estudo, sendo cada unidade experimental formada por 64 células. A condução do experimento foi dentro de uma estrutura de proteção de 85 m2, modelo capela, com cobertura de plástico transparente de 100 micra de espessura, aditivada contra raios ultravioletas. Aos 30 dias do semeio, foram colhidas dez plântulas, ao acaso, dentro de cada unidade experimental, para avaliar o número de folhas e a altura das plantas. Também foram avaliadas as massas fresca e seca da parte aérea e massas fresca e seca da raiz. Concluiu-se que o substrato T1 –M reuniu as melhores características para a formação de mudas de alface em bandejas de isopor de 128 células

EFEITO DO ESTRESSE MINERAL INDUZIDO POR FONTES E DOSES DE POTÁSSIO NA PRODUÇÃO DE RAÍZES EM PLANTAS DE BERINJELA (Solanum melongena L.)

This study was carried out at the Department of Plant Production, Sector Horticulture, São Paulo State University-UNESP, Botucatu Campus, São Paulo State, Brazil in order to evaluate the effect of sources and increasing doses of potassium in roots of eggplant. The experimental design was randomized blocks in factorial scheme 2 x 4 (two sources of potassium: KCl and K2SO4 and four doses of K2O, 250, 500, 750 and 1000 kg ha-1) and three replications. For the experiment, we used Oxisol medium texture (615 g of sand, 45 g of silt and 340 g of clay per kg soil). The soil passed through sieve of 5 mm and packed in plastic pots with a capacity of 32 liters of soil where plants were grown. The pots were distributed with a spacing of 0,63 m between plants and 1,0 m between rows each pot being grown with a plant. The evaluated characteristics were: root dry mass and volume of the root. It was concluded that sources and excessive doses of mineral K2O induces stress in eggplants and affect the roots being less harmful K2SO4 source