Concrete pavement repair manual - draft interim guidelines

March, 1999N

Development of Portland cement concrete pavement restoration techniques for Oklahoma

September, 1998N

Dynamic cone penetrometer user's guide

The Dynamic Cone Penetrometer (DCP) is a rapid and inexpensive device for characterizing unbound paving materials and subgrade soils. The DCP may be used to estimate the strength of these materials through the use of correlations with the California Bearing Ratio (CBR) and resilient modulus (Mr). The DCP, shown schematically in figure 1, consists of the following components: a 15.8-mm (5/8-in) diameter steel drive rod with a replaceable cone tip, an 8-kg (17.6-lb) weight or hammer which is dropped a fixed height of 575 mm (22.6 in), a coupler assembly, and a handle. The cone tip has an included angle of 60 degrees and a diameter at the base of the cone of 20 mm (0.79 in). The drive rod may be unmarked or graduated so that increments of 5.0 mm (0.2 in) may be determined. The apparatus is typically constructed of stainless steel, with the exception of the cone tip, which may be constructed from hardened tool steel or a similar material.March, 1999N

Structural Overlay Strategies for Jointed Concrete Pavements. Volume IV: Guidelines for the Selection of Rehabilitation Alternatives

DTFH61-86-C-00079A major field study and evaluation has been conducted into the effectiveness of three structural overlay types for portland cement concrete (PCC) pavements. These include sawing and sealing asphalt concrete (AC) overlays of PCC pavements, cracking and seating PCC pavements prior to AC overlay, and constructing a thin bonded PCC overlay on top of the existing PCC pavement. Condition surveys, deflection testing, and roughness measurements were performed on a total of 55 sections. The performance of these sections was evaluated and the effectiveness of each overlay type analyzed. Based on the field data, guidelines were developed for the use of these structural overlays. This volume provides detailed guidelines and case studies prepared specifically for the practicing engineer as an aid in the evaluation and rehabilitation of jointed concrete pavements. Feasibility guidelines are given for restoration, resurfacing, and reconstruction alternatives in terms of constructability, future life and life-cycle costs. New prediction models are developed for bonded PCC overlays, sawing and sealing and AC overlay, and cracking and seating and AC overlay. The EXPEAR program was extensively modified to include the above rehabilitation alternatives and improved predictive models and to provide for much easier usage by the practicing engineer for evaluation and rehabilitation. Detailed rehabilitation case studies are presented that will be of interest to the practicing engineer

Structural Overlay Strategies for Jointed Concrete Pavements. Volume VI: Appendix A, User's Manual for the EXPEAR Computer Program

DTFH61-86-C-00079A major field study and evaluation has been conducted into the effectiveness of three structural overlay types for portland cement concrete (PCC) pavements. These include sawing and sealing asphalt concrete (AC) overlays of PCC pavements, cracking and seating PCC pavements prior to AC overlay, and constructing a thin bonded PCC overlay on top of the existing PCC pavement. Condition surveys, deflection testing, and roughness measurements were performed on a total of 55 sections. The performance of these sections was evaluated and the effectiveness of each overlay type analyzed. Based on the field data, guidelines were developed for the use of structural overlays. This volume provides a users guide to the EXPEAR computerized system to assist practicing engineers in evaluating concrete highway pavements, in developing feasible rehabilitation alternatives, and in predicting the performance and cost-effectiveness of the alternatives. EXPEAR is intended for use by State highway engineers in project-level rehabilitation planning and design for conventional concrete pavements (JRCP, JPCP, and CRCP). EXPEAR uses information about the pavement to guide the engineer through evaluation of a pavement's present condition and development of one or more feasible rehabilitation strategies. A computer program has been developed for each of the three pavement types addressed. The EXPEAR version 1.4 program operates on any IBM-compatible personal computer. Extensive revisions were made in EXPEAR 1.4 to improve the user-friendliness of the program and its capabilities

Structural Overlay Strategies for Jointed Concrete Pavements. Volume II: Cracking and Seating of Concrete Slabs Prior to AC Overlay

DTFH61-86-C-00079A major field study and evaluation has been conducted into the effectiveness of three structural overlay types for Portland cement concrete (PCC) pavements. These include sawing and sealing asphalt concrete (AC) overlays of PCC pavements, cracking and seating PCC pavements prior to AC overlay, and constructing a thin bonded PCC overlay on top of the existing PCC pavement. Condition surveys, deflection testing, and roughness measurements were performed on a total of 55 sections. The performance of these sections was evaluated and the effectiveness of each overlay type analyzed. Based on the field data, guidelines were developed for the use of structural overlays. In addition, the results of this study were used to revise and enhance the EXPEAR rehabilitation advisory system. This volume examines the rehabilitation technique of cracking and seating PCC pavement prior to overlay, which has been used to reduce reflection cracking. Cracking the slabs reduces slab movement due to temperature changes; seating the slabs stabilizes the pieces. The first part of this report examines the literature and evaluates the performance of inservice crack and seat overlays from several States; the second part incorporates these research findings into guidelines for crack and seat techniques and specifications

Structural Overlay Strategies for Jointed Concrete Pavements. Volume I: Sawing, and Sealing of Joints in AC Overlays of Concrete Pavements

DTFH61-86-C-00079A major field study and evaluation has been conducted into the effectiveness of three structural overlay types for portland cement concrete (PCC) pavements. These include sawing and sealing asphalt concrete (AC) overlays of PCC pavements, cracking and seating PCC pavement prior to AC overlay, and constructing a thin bonded PCC overlay on top of the existing PCC pavement. Condition surveys, deflection testing, and roughness measurements were performed on a total of 55 sections. Based on the field data, guidelines were developed for the use of structural overlays. In addition, the results of this study were used to revise and enhance the EXPEAR rehabilitation advisory system. This volume examines the effectiveness of the sawing and sealing of AC overlays of PCC pavements. Sawing and sealing is an attempt to control, not prevent, the occurrence and severity of reflective cracks from the underlying PCC slabs. Joints are sawed in the AC overlay directly above joints in the existing slab and then immediately sealed. The first part of this report examines the literature and evaluates the performance of in-service saw and seal overlays. Part II develops many of the recommendations from the research effort into guidelines for techniques and specification for sawing and sealing operations

Performance of Concrete Pavements, Volume III: Improving Concrete Pavement Performance

DTFH61-91-C-00053With the goal of improving future concrete pavement design and construction practices, this project evaluated the performance of 303 inservice concrete pavement sections located throughout North America. An extensive field testing program, consisting of pavement condition surveys, drainage surveys, falling weight deflectometer (FWD) testing, coring/boring operations, and roughness testing, was conducted in order to collect the information needed for analysis. Because many of these pavement sections are part of State-level studies on concrete pavements, a range of design variables (e.g., load transfer, slab thickness, joint spacing, drainage) thought to affect concrete pavement performance are present. Over one-third of the sections was evaluated under a preceding Federal Highway Administration study, meaning that 5-year performance trends are available for some of the sections. Additional pavement performance data are also available for 96 European concrete pavement sections and for 21 Chilean concrete pavement sections. The average age and average cumulative equivalent single axle loads (ESALs) for the North American sections are 16 years and 7.1 million, respectively, compared to 21 years and 21.8 million for the European sections and 9 years and 5.9 million for the Chilean sections. This volume presents pavement performance prediction models that were developed from the data collected under this study. Prediction models are presented for transverse joint faulting (doweled and nondoweled), transverse cracking [jointed plain concrete pavement (JPCP) and jointed reinforced concrete pavement (JRCP)], transverse joint spalling (JPCP and JRCP), pavement serviceability (JPCP and JRCP), and pavement roughness (JPCP only). Based on the results of the models and on the results of the field evaluation findings, guidelines for the improved design of concrete pavements are presented

Performance of Concrete Pavements, Volume I: Field Investigation

DTFH61-91-C-00053With the goal of improving future concrete pavement design and construction practices, this project evaluated the performance of 303 inservice concrete pavement sections located throughout North America. An extensive field testing program, consisting of pavement condition surveys, drainage surveys, falling weight deflectometer (FWD) testing, coring/boring operations, and roughness testing, was conducted in order to collect the information needed for analysis. Because many of these pavement sections are part of State-level studies on concrete pavements, a range of design variables (e.g., load transfer, slab thickness, joint spacing, drainage) thought to affect concrete pavement performance are present. Over one-third of the sections was evaluated under a preceding Federal Highway Administration study, meaning that 5-year performance trends are available for some of the sections. Additional pavement performance data are also available for 96 European concrete pavement sections and for 21 Chilean Concrete pavement sections. The average age and average cumulative equivalent single axle loads (ESALs) for the North American sections are 16 years and 7.1 million, respectively, compared to 21 years and 21.8 million for the European sections and 9 years and 5.9 million for the Chilean sections. This volume describes the field data collection activities that were conducted under the study and also summarizes the individual performance of the 303 concrete pavement sections evaluated. Pertinent design and construction data are given for each project and key performance data are presented. Where available, 5-year performance trends are also summarized

Performance of Concrete Pavements, Volume II: Evaluation of Inservice Concrete Pavements

DTFH61-91-C-00053With the goal of improving future concrete pavement design and construction practices, this project evaluated the performance of 303 inservice concrete pavement sections located throughout North America. An extensive field testing program, consisting of pavement condition surveys, drainage surveys, falling weight deflectometer (FWD) testing, coring/boring operations, and roughness testing, was conducted in order to collect the information needed for analysis. Because many of these pavement sections are part of State-level studies on concrete pavements, a range of design variables (e.g., load transfer, slab thickness, joint spacing, drainage) thought to affect concrete pavement performance are present. Over one-third of the sections was evaluated under a preceding Federal Highway Administration study, meaning that 5-year performance trends are available for some of the sections. Additional pavement performance data are also available for 96 European concrete pavement sections and for 21 Chilean concrete pavement sections. The average age and average cumulative equivalent single axle loads (ESALs) for the North American sections are 16 years and 7.1 million, respectively, compared to 21 years and 21.8 million for the European sections and 9 years and 5.9 million for the Chilean sections. This volume examines the performance of the North American concrete pavement sections included in the study. This examination primarily consists of an evaluation of the effect of concrete pavement design features on concrete pavement performance. Design features investigated include slab thickness, joint spacing, joint orientation, load transfer, joint sealant, base type, drainage, shoulder type, reinforcement, and pavement type. The results of an examination of the backcalculation results are also presented, as are the significant findings of an evaluation conducted on the performance of European and Chilean concrete pavements