Renal medullary carcinoma

Renal medullary carcinoma (RMC) is a rare and aggressive form of non-clear cell kidney cancer that typically affects young adults and is almost exclusively associated with sickle cell trait. It has only been recognized in the last two decades and continues to be relatively poorly understood. Patients typically present with pain and hematuria and are often found to have metastatic disease at diagnosis. Prognosis is extremely poor, with a mean survival less than 1 year. Combination chemotherapy has been used with limited success. As we learn more about the genetics of the disease, targeted therapy is being attempted

The axoneme: the propulsive engine of spermatozoa and cilia and associated ciliopathies leading to infertility

This review article provides a critical analysis of the structure and molecular mechanisms of the microtubule axoneme of cilia and sperm flagella and their associated elements required for male fertility. A broad range of genetic and molecular defects (ciliopathies) are considered in the context of human diseases involving impaired motility in cilia and sperm flagella, providing provocative thought for future research in the area of male infertility.Fil: Linck, Richard W.. University of Minnesota; Estados UnidosFil: Chemes, Hector Edgardo. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Parque Centenario. Centro de Investigaciones Endocrinológicas "Dr. César Bergada". Gobierno de la Ciudad de Buenos Aires. Centro de Investigaciones Endocrinológicas "Dr. César Bergada". Fundación de Endocrinología Infantil. Centro de Investigaciones Endocrinológicas "Dr. César Bergada"; ArgentinaFil: Albertini, David F.. University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences; Estados Unido