Gökkuşağı Alabalığı Yemlerine Probiyotik ve Antibiyotik İlavelerinin Balıkların Sağlık Karakteristikleri Üzerine Etkileri

Bu çalışmada yeme antibiyotik (amoksisilin+klavulanik asit) ve probiyotik ilavesinin gökkuşağı alabalıklarında (Oncorhynchus mykiss) bazı immünolojik ve serum biyokimyasal sağlık karakteristikleri üzerine etkilerinin araştırılması amaçlanmıştır. Yeme ilave edilen antibiyotik veya probiyotik katkılarının lizozim aktivitesi, myeloperoksidaz aktivitesi, serum total protein, albümin, globülin, trigliserit ve kolesterol değerleri üzerine herhangi bir etkisinin olmadığı belirlenmiştir. Antibiyotik ile beslenen balıkların serum glikoz düzeyleri kontrole göre önemli oranda artmıştır. Bununla birlikte antibiyotik ile beslenen balıkların GOT değeri kontrole göre önemli oranda azalmıştır. Ayrıca LDH ve ALP değerleri antibiyotik ve probiyotik ilavesi ile kontrole göre azaldığı belirlenmiştir. Bu çalışma, tek bir deneysel model olup farklı balık türlerinde ve farklı balık patojenlerinde karşı probiyotik kullanımı farklı dozlara veya zamana bağlı olarak değişebilir. Bu nedenle bu çalışma çeşitli kan parametrelerinin değerlendirilmesi açısından diğer çalışmalara ışık tutmaktadır

Combined Effects of Dietary Bacillus subtilis and Trans-cinnamic Acid on Growth Performance, Whole Body Compositions, Digestive Enzymes and Intestinal bacteria in Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)

In this study, the combined effects of dietary Bacillus subtilis (BS, 10 7 g/cfu) and different levels (0.025%, 0.050%, 0.075% and 0.150%) of trans-cinnamic acid (CA) on fish growth performance, whole body compositions, digestive enzymes, intestinal bacteria and internal organ index of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) were investigated. Six different experimental groups including control group (C), C+BS, 0.025%CA+BS, 0.050%CA+BS, 0.075CA+BS, 0.150%CA+BS) were established. According to the results obtained, growth performance, whole body compositions and digestive pH were not statistically significant among groups. Further, no significant differences were found between experimental groups in terms of the intestinal enzymes (trypsin, alkaline phosphatase and lipase) and gastric pepsin. Significantly higher levels of intestinal amylase were found in the control+BS, 0.025%CA+BS, 0.050% CA+BS, and 0.075%CA+BS compared to the control and 0.150%CA+BS groups. Moreover, coliform and Enterobacteriaceae counts were highest in the control+B. subtilis and lowest in the 0.150% CA + B. subtilis groups

Effects of zinc exposure on the accumulation, haematology and immunology of Mozambique tilapia, Oreochromis mossambicus

Changes in the haematological and innate immune parameters and accumulation in the liver, gill and muscle tissues were investigated in Mozambique tilapia (Oreochromis mossambicus, L.1758), which were semi-statically exposed to several zinc concentrations in vivo. The fish were exposed to low (1 mg L-1), medium (2.5 mg L-1) and high (5 mg L-1) concentrations of zinc for 14 days. In this study, significant changes were seen in the haematological and innate immune parameters of the fish exposed to zinc in comparison to those of the control group (p<0.05) at day 14. In all groups exposed to zinc, a decrease in the erythrocyte count (RBC) and lymphocyte percentage and an increase in hemoglobin (Hb), mean corpuscular volume (MCV), mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH) values and neutrophile percentage occurred (P<0.05). A decrease in white blood cell (WBC) count and an increase in mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC) values occurred with medium and high concentrations (P<0.05). As per hematocrit (Hct) values, a decrease with high concentrations and an increase with low and medium concentrations were found (P<0.05). In all groups exposed to zinc, a decrease in phagocytic activity was found, and an increase in lysozyme and myeloperoxidase activities were observed with medium and low concentrations (P<0.05). A decrease was found in nitroblue tetrazolium (NBT) activity with medium and high concentrations; in the lysozyme and myeloperoxidase activities was found with high concentrations (P<0.05). In this study, the highest zinc accumulation rate was found in the liver tissue, and the lowest rate was found in the muscle tissue. Accumulation of zinc metal in the tissues was found to increase directly proportional with the ambient concentration and exposure duration (P<0.05). In conclusion, it was found that exposure of O. mossambicus to Zn concentrations affected haematological and innate parameters adversely. Therefore, these parameters can be used to predict the effect of metals such as zinc on fish populations.Keywords: Zinc, haematology, immunology, accumulation, Oreochromis mossambicusAfrican Journal of Biotechnology Vol. 12(7), pp. 744-75

An Investigation on the Reproduction Characteristics of the Black Scorpion Fish (Scorpaena porcus Linnaeus, 1758) in Dardanelles

Bu çalışmada, Temmuz 2000-Kasım 2001 tarihleri arasında Çanakkale Boğazı’ndan elde edilen 515 adet iskorpit balığı Scorpaena porcus (Linnaeus, 1758) türünün üreme özellikleri araştırılmıştır. Gonadosomatik indeks (GSİ) değerlerine ve yumurta çapındaki büyüme dikkate alınarak üremenin temmuz ve ağustos aylarında meydana geldiği belirlenmiştir. İlk olgunlaşma yaşının erkek bireyler için II., dişi bireyler için ise III. yaş grubu olduğu saptanmıştır. Olgun yumurta çapı 0,60-0,87 mm arasında değişmiştir. Birey başına toplam yumurta verimi 107000 ile 651550 arasında değişmiş olup ortalama 324071±20220,48 adet tespit edilmiştir. En yüksek korelasyon katsayısı yumurta verimi ile ovaryum arasındaki ilişkiden elde edilmiştir.In this study, the reproductive charecters of Scorpion fish Scorpaena porcus (Linnaeus, 1758) were examinated on 515 individuals caught from Dardanelles between July 2000 and November 2001. According to the gonadosomatic index (GSI) values and the development of egg diameters, it was determined that, the spawning occurs between July and August. The first maturity for males was at the II. age group and III. age goups for females. The dimeter of mature eggs varied between 0.60 and 0.87 mm. Total fecundity varied from 107000 to 651550, with a mean of 324071±20220.48 (±SE of means). Result showed that there was a high correlation between fecundity and ovarium weight

Determination of Haematological Parameters of the Black Scorpion Fish ( Scorpaena porcus Linnaeus, 1758) in Dardanelles

Bu çalışmada, Çanakkale Boğazı’ndan yakalanan 312 adet siyah iskorpit balığı (Scorpaena porcus Linnaeus, 1758) türünün hematolojik parametre standartlarının belirlenmesi amaçlanmıştır. İncelenen hematolojik parametrelerden hematokrit oranı (Ht), hemoglobin değeri (Hb), eritrosit sayısı (RBC), lökosit sayısı (WBC), ortalama eritrosit hacmi (MCV), eritrosit başına düşen ortalama hemoglobin (MCH) ve eritrosit başına düşen ortalama hemoglobin konsantrasyonu (MCHC) değerleri sırasıyla % 25,7±0,274, 7,4±0,0907g 100ml -1 , 384978±3882,91 mm -3 , 33903±0576,28 mm -3 , 668,50±4,0029 μm 3 , 193,08±1,5541 μg/hücre ve 28,94±0,1956 mgd L -1 olarak belirlenmiştir. Ortalama deniz suyu sıcaklığı 17,07±1,77 oC ve tuzluluğu ‰ 30,1±0,28 olarak tespit edilmiştir.In this study, it was aimed to determine the haematological parameters on 312 individuals of the Black Scorpion fish (Scorpaena porcus Linnaeus, 1758) caught from Dardanelles. The mean values (with±SE) of haemotocrit (Ht), haemoglobin (Hb), red blood cell (RBC), white blood cell (WBC), mean corpuscular volume (MCV), mean corpuscular haemoglobin (MCH) and mean corpuscular haemoglobin concentration (MCHC) from examined haematological parameters were found as 25.7±0.274 %, 7.4±0.0907g 100ml -1 , 384978±3881.91 mm -3 , 33903±0576.28 mm -3 , 668.50±4.0029 μm 3 , 193.08±1.5541 μg/cell and 28.94±0.1956g 100ml -1 , respectively. The mean temparature and salinity of seawater were 17.07±1.77 o C and 30.1 ±0.28 ‰, respectively

The crabs of the sinop coasts of the Black Sea (Turkey)

Bu' araştırma, Ocak 1999-Aralık 2000 tarihleri arasında Sinop kıyılarında dağılım gösteren yengeç türlerinin belirlenmesi amacıyla yürütülmüştür. Araştırmada 3 istasyon seçilmiş ve örneklemeler 30 m derinliğe kadar olan diplerden bim trol, el kepçesi ve dalarak elle yapılmıştır. Yengeçler deniz suyu ile hazırlanmış %5'lik formolde muhafaza edilmiştir. Örnekler, önce makroskobik daha sonra binoküler mikroskop altında mikroskobik olarak incelenmiştir. Araştırma sonucunda, Karadeniz'in Sinop sahillerinde 4 familya, 8 genusa ait toplam 11 tür tespit edilmiştir. Bu türler şunlardır: Liocarcinus depurator, Liocarcinus holsatus, Liocarcinus navigator, Carcinus aestuarii, Eriphia verrucosa, Pilunınus hirtellus, Xantho poressa, Pachygrapsus marmoratus, Brachynotus sexdentatus, Macropodia rostrata, Macropodia longirostris. Bu türler arasında Liocarcinus navigator ve Macropodia rostrata Karadeniz'in Türkiye kıyıları için, Liocarcinus vernalis ise Sinop kıyıları için yeni kayıttır. Ayrıca, türlerin ayrıntılı olarak sistematik ile morfolojik özellikleri fotoğraflarla tanımlanmış ve türlerin bulundukları istasyon ile derinlikler belirtilmiştir.This study was conducted to determine crabs species distributed along the Sinop coasts between January 1999-December 2000. Three stations were selected and samplings were carried out at the bottoms of the depths of as far as 30 m by using beam trawl, small hand net and diving by hand. The crabs were preserved in 5% formalin prepared in seawater. The specimens were first examined the macroscobic and then microscobic under binocular microscope. At the end of the study, it was established that 11 species belonging to 4 families and 8 genera occur in the Sinop coasts of the Black Sea. These species are as follows: Liocarcinus depurator, Liocarcinus holsatus, Liocarcinus navigator, Carcinus aestuarii, Eriphia verrucosa, Pilumnus hirtellus, Xantho poressa, Pachygrapsus marmoratus, Brachynotus sexdentatus, Macropodia rostrata, and Macropodia longirostris. Between these specis, Liocarcinus navigator and Macropodia rostrata species are new records .for Turkish coast of the Black Sea, however, Liocarcinus vernalis is new record for Sinop coast. Besides, detailed systematical and morphological characteristics of species have been illustrated with photograps and their present localities and depths have been recorded

Determination of haematological parameters of the black scorpion fish (Scorpaena porcus Linnaeus, 1758) in Dardanelles

Bu çalışmada,Çanakkale Boğazı'ndan yakalanan 312 adet siyah iskorpit balığı {Scorpaena porcus Linnaeus, 1758) türünün hematolojik parametre standartlarının belirlenmesi amaçlanmıştır. İncelenen hematolojik parametrelerden hematokrit oranı (Ht), hemoglobin değeri (Hb), eritrosit sayısı (RBC), lökosit sayısı (WBC), ortalama eritrosit hacmi (MCV), eritrosit başına düşen ortalama hemoglobin (MCH) ve eritrosit başına düşen ortalama hemoglobin konsantrasyonu (MCHC) değerleri sırasıyla % 25,70,274, 7,40,0907g 100 ml{-1} , 3849783882,91 mm{-3} , 339030576,28 mm{-3} , 668,504,0029 \mu m3, 193,08l,5541 ug/hücre ve 28,940,1956 mgd L{-1} olarak belirlenmiştir. Ortalama deniz suyu sıcaklığı 17,07l,77 C ve tuzluluğu \permil 30,l0,28 olarak tespit edilmiştir.In this study, it was aimed to determine the haematological parameters on 312 individuals of the Black Scorpion fish {Scorpaena porcus Linnaeus, 1758) caught from Dardanelles. The mean values (with±SE) of haemotocrit (Ht), haemoglobin (Hb), red blood cell (RBC), white blood cell (WBC), mean corpuscular volume (MCV), mean corpuscular haemoglobin (MCH) and mean corpuscular haemoglobin concentration (MCHC) from examined haematological parameters were found as 25.7±0.274 %, 7.4±0.0907g 100 ml{-1}, 384978±3881.91 mm{-3} , 33903±0576.28 mm{-3} , 668.50±4.0029 \mu m3 , 193.08±1.5541 \mu g/cell and 28.94±0.1956g 100 ml{-1} , respectively. The mean temparature and salinity of seawater were 17.07±1.77 °C and 30.1 ±0.28 %o, respectively

Effects of herbal supplements on growth performance of sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax): Change in body composition and some blood parameters

This study was conducted to investigate the effects of dietary thyme (Thymus vulgaris), rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis) and fenugreek (Trigonella foenum graecum) as feed additives on growth performance, proximate composition and ammonia excretion of European sea bass Dicentrarchus labrax. Four isonitrogenous (48% crude protein) and isocaloric (21 kj/g) diets were formulated to contain 0% (control) or 1% of thyme, rosemary or fenugreek. The thyme supplementation significantly increased protein efficiency ratio, fillet protein levels, protein and energy retentions (P<0.05). The medicinal herb additives did not change serum urea, uric acid, creatinine and ammonia excretion rate (P>0.05). The results indicate that dietary thyme improved the protein and energy retentions of sea bass