6 research outputs found
On some problems of communicative competency of preschool teachers
The article substantiates the importance of communicative competency for a modern professional, the professional activity of a teacher and specifically a preschool teacher. The results of studying individual components of communicative competency among teachers of preschool educational organizations are presented. The deficiencies in its development are highlighted and the possibilities of the educational process in a higher educational institution and methodological support in a preschool educational organization in the development of this competency are shown
Π€ΡΠ½ΠΊΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠΉ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΈΠΌΠΎΡΡΠΈΠ·ΠΌ ΡΡΠ°Π½ΡΠΏΠΎΡΡΠ΅ΡΠ° ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π·Π°Ρ Π²Π°ΡΠ° ΡΠ΅ΡΠΎΡΠΎΠ½ΠΈΠ½Π° Π³Π΅Π½Π° SLC6A4 ΠΏΡΠΈ ΡΠ°Π·Π»ΠΈΡΠ½ΡΡ ΠΊΠ»ΠΈΠ½ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ Π²Π°ΡΠΈΠ°Π½ΡΠ°Ρ ΡΠΈΠ½Π΄ΡΠΎΠΌΠ° ΡΠ°Π·Π΄ΡΠ°ΠΆΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΊΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠ½ΠΈΠΊΠ°
Rationale: Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a multifactorial disease, the genetic aspect of which is being actively studied.Aim: To investigate functional polymorphism of the serotonin reuptake transporter (SERT) SLC6A4 gene of various clinical variants of IBS.Materials and methods: We performed a cross-sectional single center study in 79 Caucasian patients with IBS (according to the Rome criteria IV). The patients were divided into two groups: group 1, IBS with diarrhea (IBS-D, n = 45) and group 2, IBS with constipation (IBS-C, n = 34). The control group included 59 Caucasian patients with gastrointestinal disorders without IBS. Polymorphism 5-HTTLPR of the SLC6A4 gene was assessed in all subjects. In group 1 patients, blood serotonin levels were measured and psychological tests were performed, including Spielberger's State / Trait Anxiety Inventory, quality of life by SF36 and GSRS, Asthenia scale, VAS scores for pain intensity.Results: Thirty-five of 45 (77.8%) patients with IBS-D carried the mutant S allele, which was significantly more frequent than in the IBS-C group (p = 0.002) and in the control group (p = 0.005). There were no statistically significant differences (p = 0.54) in the frequency of detection of the homozygous LL genotype (normal allele) and the heteroand homozygous mutant alleles (SL and SS) genotype between the IBS-C and control patients. In the IBS-D group, a gender difference for the mutant SS allele of 5-HTTLPR was found, with significantly higher frequency in female patients (p = 0.0147). No significant gender differences in the genotype distribution between the patients with IBS-C and the control group were found. There were also no differences in blood serotonin levels in the IBS patients with various 5-HTTLPR types (p = 0.086); they were all in the reference range. However, there was a trend towards lower serotonin levels in the LL genotype carriers compared to those with the SS/SL polymorphisms. The Gastroenterological inventory GSRS demonstrated significantly higher total score for the constipation syndrome in the patients with homozygous LL 5-HTTLPR polymorphism, compared to that in the patients with the SS/SL genotype (p = 0.013).Conclusion: The results may be related to lower expression of the SLC6A4 gene in the carriers of the mutant allele in the 5-HTTLPR promoter and subsequent decreased rate of serotonin uptake, with resulting stimulation of the gastrointestinal tract. The SERT polymorphism of the SLC6A4 gene is worth further investigation as a potential candidate gene in the IBS pathophysiology.ΠΠΊΡΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡ. Π‘ΠΈΠ½Π΄ΡΠΎΠΌ ΡΠ°Π·Π΄ΡΠ°ΠΆΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΊΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠ½ΠΈΠΊΠ° (Π‘Π Π) ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΡΠΈΡΡΡ ΠΊ ΠΌΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠΎΡΠ½ΡΠΌ Π·Π°Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π²Π°Π½ΠΈΡΠΌ, Π³Π΅Π½Π΅ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠΉ Π°ΡΠΏΠ΅ΠΊΡ ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΡ
Π½Π°Ρ
ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡΡΡ Π² ΡΠΎΠΊΡΡΠ΅ Π²Π½ΠΈΠΌΠ°Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΠ΅Π»Π΅ΠΉ.Π¦Π΅Π»Ρ β ΠΈΠ·ΡΡΠΈΡΡ ΡΡΠ½ΠΊΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠΉ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΈΠΌΠΎΡΡΠΈΠ·ΠΌ ΡΡΠ°Π½ΡΠΏΠΎΡΡΠ΅ΡΠ° ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π·Π°Ρ
Π²Π°ΡΠ° ΡΠ΅ΡΠΎΡΠΎΠ½ΠΈΠ½Π° Π³Π΅Π½Π° SLC6A4 ΠΏΡΠΈ ΡΠ°Π·Π½ΡΡ
ΡΠΎΡΠΌΠ°Ρ
Π‘Π Π.ΠΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ°Π» ΠΈ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄Ρ. ΠΡΠΎΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½ΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ΅ (ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠΌΠΎΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ΅) ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΡΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ΅ ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅. ΠΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π½ΡΡ Π³ΡΡΠΏΠΏΡ ΡΠΎΡΡΠ°Π²ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ 79 ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΈΠ΅Π½ΡΠΎΠ² Π΅Π²ΡΠΎΠΏΠ΅ΠΎΠΈΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ°ΡΡ Ρ Π΄ΠΈΠ°Π³Π½ΠΎΠ·ΠΎΠΌ Π‘Π Π (ΡΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ²Π»Π΅Π½ Π² ΡΠΎΠΎΡΠ²Π΅ΡΡΡΠ²ΠΈΠΈ Ρ Π ΠΈΠΌΡΠΊΠΈΠΌΠΈ ΠΊΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΠΌΠΈ IV ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΡΠΌΠΎΡΡΠ°), ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΡ
ΡΠ°ΡΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ Π½Π° 2 ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Π³ΡΡΠΏΠΏΡ: Π‘Π Π Ρ ΠΏΡΠ΅ΠΎΠ±Π»Π°Π΄Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ Π΄ΠΈΠ°ΡΠ΅ΠΈ (Π‘Π Π-Π, n = 45) ΠΈ Π‘Π Π Ρ ΠΏΡΠ΅ΠΎΠ±Π»Π°Π΄Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ Π·Π°ΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΠ² (Π‘Π Π-Π, n = 34). Π ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΡΠΎΠ»ΡΠ½ΡΡ Π³ΡΡΠΏΠΏΡ Π²ΠΎΡΠ»ΠΈ 59 ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΈΠ΅Π½ΡΠΎΠ² Π΅Π²ΡΠΎΠΏΠ΅ΠΎΠΈΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ°ΡΡ Π³Π°ΡΡΡΠΎΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠΈΠ»Ρ Π±Π΅Π· Π‘Π Π. ΠΡΠ΅ΠΌ Π²ΠΊΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΠΌ Π² ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΈΠ΅Π½ΡΠ°ΠΌ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠ»ΡΡ Π³Π΅Π½Π΅ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠΉ Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ· Ρ ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΡ ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΠΊΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΈΠΌΠΎΡΡΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ° 5-HTTLPR Π³Π΅Π½Π° SLC6A4. Π ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π½ΠΎΠΉ Π³ΡΡΠΏΠΏΠ΅ ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ ΠΎΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»ΡΠ»ΠΈ ΡΡΠΎΠ²Π΅Π½Ρ ΡΠΎΠ΄Π΅ΡΠΆΠ°Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠ΅ΡΠΎΡΠΎΠ½ΠΈΠ½Π° Π² ΠΊΡΠΎΠ²ΠΈ, ΠΏΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΈΡ
ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ΅ ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Ρ ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ΅Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΈ Π»ΠΈΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΡΠ΅Π²ΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ Ρ ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ ΠΎΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΈΠΊΠ° Π‘ΠΏΠΈΠ»Π±Π΅ΡΠ³Π΅ΡΠ° β Π₯Π°Π½ΠΈΠ½Π°, ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ²Π°Π»ΠΈ ΠΊΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²ΠΎ ΠΆΠΈΠ·Π½ΠΈ Ρ ΠΏΠΎΠΌΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΎΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΈΠΊΠΎΠ² SF-36 ΠΈ GSRS, Π²ΡΡΠ°ΠΆΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎΡΡΡ Π°ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ Ρ ΠΏΠΎΠΌΠΎΡΡΡ ΡΠΊΠ°Π»Ρ Π°ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠΎΡΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΈΡ, ΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅Π½ΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΡΡΡ Π±ΠΎΠ»ΠΈ ΠΏΠΎ Π²ΠΈΠ·ΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΎΠ³ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠΊΠ°Π»Π΅.Π Π΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΡ. Π£ ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΈΠ΅Π½ΡΠΎΠ² Ρ Π‘Π Π-Π ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΎΡΠ° Π½ΠΎΡΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΡΡΠ²Π° ΠΌΡΡΠ°Π½ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π°Π»Π»Π΅Π»Ρ S ΡΠΎΡΡΠ°Π²ΠΈΠ»Π° 77,8% (35 ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΈΠ΅Π½ΡΠΎΠ² ΠΈΠ· 45), ΡΡΠΎ ΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Π»ΠΎΡΡ ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈ Π·Π½Π°ΡΠΈΠΌΠΎ Π²ΡΡΠ΅, ΡΠ΅ΠΌ Π² Π³ΡΡΠΏΠΏΠ΅ Π‘Π Π-Π (Ρ = 0,002) ΠΈ Π² ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΡΠΎΠ»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ Π³ΡΡΠΏΠΏΠ΅ (Ρ = 0,005). ΠΠ΅ΠΆΠ΄Ρ Π³ΡΡΠΏΠΏΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΈΠ΅Π½ΡΠΎΠ² Ρ Π‘Π Π-Π ΠΈ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΡΠΎΠ»Π΅ΠΌ Π½Π΅ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΎ ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈ Π·Π½Π°ΡΠΈΠΌΡΡ
ΡΠ°Π·Π»ΠΈΡΠΈΠΉ (Ρ = 0,54) Π² ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΎΡΠ΅ ΠΎΠ±Π½Π°ΡΡΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π³ΠΎΠΌΠΎΠ·ΠΈΠ³ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π³Π΅Π½ΠΎΡΠΈΠΏΠ° ΠΏΠΎ Π½ΠΎΡΠΌΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΌΡ Π°Π»Π»Π΅Π»Ρ (LL) ΠΈ Π³Π΅ΡΠ΅ΡΠΎΠΈ Π³ΠΎΠΌΠΎΠ·ΠΈΠ³ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π³Π΅Π½ΠΎΡΠΈΠΏΠ° Ρ ΠΌΡΡΠ°Π½ΡΠ½ΡΠΌ Π°Π»Π»Π΅Π»Π΅ΠΌ (SL ΠΈ SS). Π Π³ΡΡΠΏΠΏΠ΅ Π‘Π Π-Π Π²ΡΡΠ²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΎ Π³Π΅Π½Π΄Π΅ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ΅ ΡΠ°Π·Π»ΠΈΡΠΈΠ΅: Π³ΠΎΠΌΠΎΠ·ΠΈΠ³ΠΎΡΠ½ΡΠΉ Π³Π΅Π½ΠΎΡΠΈΠΏ ΠΏΠΎ ΠΌΡΡΠ°Π½ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΌΡ Π°Π»Π»Π΅Π»Ρ (SS) 5-HTTLPR ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈ Π·Π½Π°ΡΠΈΠΌΠΎ ΡΠ°ΡΠ΅ ΠΎΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»ΡΠ»ΡΡ Ρ ΠΆΠ΅Π½ΡΠΈΠ½ (p = 0,0147); Ρ ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΈΠ΅Π½ΡΠΎΠ² c Π‘Π Π-Π ΠΈ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΡΠΎΠ»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ Π³ΡΡΠΏΠΏΡ ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈ Π·Π½Π°ΡΠΈΠΌΡΡ
Π³Π΅Π½Π΄Π΅ΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΡΠ°Π·Π»ΠΈΡΠΈΠΉ Π² ΡΠ°ΡΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ Π³Π΅Π½ΠΎΡΠΈΠΏΠ° Π½Π΅ Π±ΡΠ»ΠΎ. Π£ΡΠΎΠ²Π΅Π½Ρ ΡΠ΅ΡΠΎΡΠΎΠ½ΠΈΠ½Π° Π² ΠΊΡΠΎΠ²ΠΈ ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΈΠ΅Π½ΡΠΎΠ² Ρ Π‘Π Π Π² Π·Π°Π²ΠΈΡΠΈΠΌΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΎΡ Π³Π΅Π½ΠΎΡΠΈΠΏΠ° 5-HTTLPR Π½Π΅ ΡΠ°Π·Π»ΠΈΡΠ°Π»ΡΡ (p = 0,086) ΠΈ Π±ΡΠ» Π² ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»Π°Ρ
ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΡΠ½ΡΡ
Π·Π½Π°ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ, ΠΎΠ΄Π½Π°ΠΊΠΎ ΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΡΠ΅Ρ ΠΎΡΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΡ ΡΠ΅Π½Π΄Π΅Π½ΡΠΈΡ ΠΊ ΡΠ½ΠΈΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΡΠΎΠ²Π½Ρ ΡΠ΅ΡΠΎΡΠΎΠ½ΠΈΠ½Π° Ρ Π½ΠΎΡΠΈΡΠ΅Π»Π΅ΠΉ LL ΠΏΠΎ ΡΡΠ°Π²Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ Ρ Π½ΠΎΡΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠΌΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΈΠΌΠΎΡΡΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠΎΠ² SS/SL. ΠΠ½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ· Π³Π°ΡΡΡΠΎΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΎΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΈΠΊΠ° GSRS ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Π» ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈ Π·Π½Π°ΡΠΈΠΌΠΎΠ΅ (p = 0,013) ΠΏΠΎΠ²ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΡΠΌΠΌΠ°ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π±Π°Π»Π»Π° ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΡΠΈΠΏΠ°ΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠΈΠ½Π΄ΡΠΎΠΌΠ° Ρ ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΈΠ΅Π½ΡΠΎΠ² Ρ Π³ΠΎΠΌΠΎΠ·ΠΈΠ³ΠΎΡΠ½ΡΠΌ LL ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΈΠΌΠΎΡΡΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠΎΠΌ 5-HTTLPR ΠΏΠΎ ΡΡΠ°Π²Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ Ρ Π³Π΅Π½ΠΎΡΠΈΠΏΠΎΠΌ SS/SL.ΠΠ°ΠΊΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅. ΠΡΡΠ²Π»Π΅Π½Π½ΡΠ΅ ΠΎΡΠΎΠ±Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΌΠΎΠ³ΡΡ Π±ΡΡΡ ΠΎΠ±ΡΡΠ»ΠΎΠ²Π»Π΅Π½Ρ ΡΠ½ΠΈΠΆΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠΊΡΠΏΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΠ΅ΠΉ Π³Π΅Π½Π° SLC6A4 Ρ Π½ΠΎΡΠΈΡΠ΅Π»Π΅ΠΉ ΠΌΡΡΠ°Π½ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π°Π»Π»Π΅Π»Ρ Π² ΠΏΡΠΎΠΌΠΎΡΠΎΡΠ΅ 5-HTTLPR ΠΈ ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ ΡΠ΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°Ρ β Π·Π°ΠΌΠ΅Π΄Π»Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΡΡ ΠΏΠΎΠ³Π»ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠ΅ΡΠΎΡΠΎΠ½ΠΈΠ½Π°, ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΠΉ ΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·ΡΠ²Π°Π΅Ρ ΡΡΠΈΠΌΡΠ»ΠΈΡΡΡΡΠ΅Π΅ Π²Π»ΠΈΡΠ½ΠΈΠ΅ Π½Π° ΠΆΠ΅Π»ΡΠ΄ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎ-ΠΊΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠ½ΡΠΉ ΡΡΠ°ΠΊΡ. ΠΠΎΠ»ΠΈΠΌΠΎΡΡΠΈΠ·ΠΌ ΡΡΠ°Π½ΡΠΏΠΎΡΡΠ΅ΡΠ° ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π·Π°Ρ
Π²Π°ΡΠ° ΡΠ΅ΡΠΎΡΠΎΠ½ΠΈΠ½Π° Π³Π΅Π½Π° SLC6A4 Π·Π°ΡΠ»ΡΠΆΠΈΠ²Π°Π΅Ρ Π΄Π°Π»ΡΠ½Π΅ΠΉΡΠ΅Π³ΠΎ ΠΈΠ·ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΡΠΈΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠΉ Π³Π΅Π½-ΠΊΠ°Π½Π΄ΠΈΠ΄Π°Ρ Π² ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΎΡΠΈΠ·ΠΈΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΠΈ Π‘Π Π