Biodiversity and Bio-Resource Capacity of Marine Environment in the Adaptive Model of the Ecological-Economic System Coast-Sea

The adaptive model of managing consumption of marine bio-resources by the coastal economic subsystem which is a part of the ecological-economic system coast-sea is constructed. The marine part of the model is represented by the adaptive version of the plankton dynamics and nitrogen cycle model in which the chlorophyll a concentration observations are assimilated. Management of the consumed bio-resources volume is based on tracing the deviations of the marine biodiversity index from its average (undisturbed) value which is represented as an estimate of the stationary value of the environment bio-resource capacity. The bio-resource capacity integral model controlling the balance between the rates of consumption and reproduction of marine bio-resources is proposed. The model equations are constructed by the method of adaptive balance of influences; at that the influence coefficients are expressed through the normalized ratios of the variables’ mean values. To preserve the marine environment biodiversity, the right-hand sides of the equations contain the agents for managing the scenarios of ecological-economic processes. These agents ensure imposing fines for sea pollution caused by the coastal economic subsystem. Represented are the results of computational experiments confirming economic expediency of introducing new technologies in the coastal subsystem which, in their turn, contribute to economic efficiency of bio-resource consumption and preserve the marine environment bio-resource capacity. It is shown that the marine environment bio-resource capacity is an integral value of the biodiversity index determined for a certain time interval. Thus, in order to use rationally bio-resources of the sea coastal zone, it is necessary to control both biodiversity and bio-resource capacity of the marine environment. These two indices indicating ecological state of the sea coastal zone serve the criteria for managing the integrated ecological-economic system coast-sea which are used to derive economic benefit from consumption of marine bio-resources provided that the marine environment quality is preserved

Медико-биологическая лаборатория как объект моделирования

Medico-biological laboratories in Russian institutes of higher medical education do not support effectively the educational process. Searching of universal criteria and requirements to modeling of a virtual medico-biological laboratory is actual for medical education. The purpose of the article is to develop a conceptual model of a medico-biological experiment and principal approaches to realization of the model in a virtual medico-biological laboratory.Образовательный потенциал медико-биологических лабораторий российских медицинских вузов реализуется не в полной мере. Актуальным вопросом медицинского образования является дополнение и замена проводимых лабораторных экспериментов виртуальными практикумами, для чего необходима разработка принципиальных подходов к моделированию виртуальной медико-биологической лаборатории. Данная статья посвящена разработке концептуальной модели виртуальной медико-биологической лаборатории

Теоретические аспекты создания виртуального практикума по морфологическим дисциплинам

The theoretical analysis of issues related to designing a virtual morphological workshop, showed the necessity to set some principles for its development. In this work the structural organization of the virtual laboratory and five principles of software development are described.Теоретическое рассмотрение вопросов, связанных с проектированием виртуального морфологического практикума, показало целесообразность выделения ряда принципов его разработки. В настоящей работе рассмотрена структурная организация виртуальной лаборатории и описан ряд принципов программной разработки

Новые методы ведения лабораторного практикума

Medico-biological laboratories in Russian institutes of higher medical education do not support effectively the educational process. Development of universal criteria and requirements to modeling of a virtual medico-biological laboratory is significant for medical education. The purpose of the article is to develop principal approaches to realization of the model in a virtual medico-biological laboratory.Образовательный потенциал медико-биологических лабораторий российских медицинских вузов не реализуется в полной мере. Актуальным вопросом медицинского образования является дополнение и замена проводимых лабораторных экспериментов виртуальными практикумами, для чего необходима разработка принципиальных подходов к моделированию виртуальной медико-биологической лаборатории

Management of Ecological-Economic Processes of Pollution Accumulation and Assimilation in the Coastal Zone Marine Environment

A model for managing the balance of pollution (getting into the sea with the coastal runoff) assimilation and accumulation, based on the negative feedback between the coastal economic system efficiency and penalties for the sea coastal zone pollution is proposed. The model is constructed by the Adaptive Balance of Causes method and is intended for finding a rational balance of profit from the use of assimilative resources of the marine environment and the costs of maintaining its quality. The increase of pollutions in the coastal zone is taken as proportional to the volume of product realization. The decrease of pollution concentration is related to the environment protection activities paid for by the production. The model contains the agents for managing the volume of the economic system generalized production release. The agents control pollution accumulation rate at different ones of the bio-chemical processes resulting in the marine environment natural purification. Scenario analysis of ecological-economic processes in the “Land–Sea” system is carried out, and the dependencies of economic subsystem production profitability on penalty sanctions limiting the pollutant flux getting into the sea are constructed. Sea temperature and water mass dynamics effect on these processes is considered. The scenarios of their intra-annual variability are constructed. It is shown that the sea temperature and near-water wind consideration in the model have a significant effect on marine environment pollution level and production profitability. The conclusion is that the proposed adaptive simulation model “Sea–Land” can be used for forecasting the scenarios of coastal subsystem production processes (the volume of generalized product manufacturing, production cost, profitability) in parallel with the forecast of pollution concentration in the sea scenarios

Assimilation of the Observational Data in the Marine Ecosystem Adaptive Model at the Known Mean Values of the Processes in the Marine Environment

Assimilation of observational data in the marine ecosystem adaptive models constructed by the adaptive balance of causes method is considered. It is shown that the feedback balance between the ecosystem variables and the rates of their change used in the method equations, permits to introduce a stationary state of the ecosystem characterized by the observed mean values of the variables. The method for assessing the normalized coefficients of influences based on application of the Euler theorem on homogeneous functions to the functions representing material balances of biochemical reactions of the substance transformation is proposed. It is shown that the normalized ratios of the modeled process mean values can be used as the estimates of the reaction product derivatives obtained on the basis of their resources included in the equations of material balances. One-dimensional adaptive model of the sea upper layer ecosystem is constructed as an example; it is based on the scheme of cause-effect relations of the Fasham, Dacklow and McKelvie model of plankton dynamics and nitrogen cycle It is shown that in such a model, observational data is assimilated by automatic adaptation of the model variables to the assimilated information providing that the substance material balance are preserved in the transformation reactions. The data simulating both observations of the chlorophyll a concentrations and the marine environment dynamics are assimilated in the model. Time scenarios of the biochemical processes are constructed; they confirm applicability of the proposed method for assessing the effect coefficients based on the ratios of the simulated process mean values