Evolving pacing strategies for team pursuit track cycling

Team pursuit track cycling is a bicycle racing sport held on velodromes and is part of the Summer Olympics. It involves the use of strategies to minimize the overall time that a team of cyclists needs to complete a race. We present an optimisation framework for team pursuit track cycling and show how to evolve strategies using metaheuristics for this interesting real-world problem. Our experimental results show that these heuristics lead to significantly better strategies than state-of-art strategies that are currently used by teams of cyclists.Markus Wagner, Jareth Day, Diora Jordan, Trent Kroeger, Frank Neumannhttp://www.springer.com/business+%26+management/operations+research/book/978-1-4614-6321-

Attachment, Aggression, and Family Risk in a Low-Income Sample

Attachment security in children\u27s first relationships with their primary caregivers in infancy supports multiple aspects of their social development during childhood. Insecure attachment, in contrast, underlies a wide range of negative outcomes for children, including aggressive behavior toward others. In a sample of 161 low-income families, early attachment insecurity was examined in relation to physical punishment and child aggression at ages two and three in the context of risk and intervention. Families had been randomly assigned either to a comparison group or to an Early Head Start program that provided weekly home visits aimed at increasing positive aspects of parenting behaviors. Children with higher security scores were less likely to be spanked at age three and less likely to be aggressive at ages two and three. Early Head Start made an independent contribution to less spanking at age three, over and above family risk factors, earlier attachment security, or earlier spanking. The results suggest that a secure attachment relationship and a parenting-focused home visiting intervention can reduce the physical punishment associated with child aggression and thereby indirectly reduce early childhood aggression