WSES guidelines for emergency repair of complicated abdominal wall hernias

Emergency repair of complicated abdominal hernias is associated with poor prognosis and a high rate of post-operative complications. A World Society of Emergency Surgery (WSES) Consensus Conference was held in Bergamo in July 2013, during the 2nd Congress of the World Society of Emergency Surgery with the goal of defining recommendations for emergency repair of abdominal wall hernias in adults. This document represents the executive summary of the consensus conference approved by a WSES expert panel

Thermotherapy of lettuce mosaic virus infected seeds

Treating lettuce mosaic virus (LMV) infected seeds by dry heat at 40, 50, 60, 70, 80 and 85°C for 1, 2, 3, and 4 days showed that exposure to 85°C for any ofthe tested periods eradicated the virus, but greatly reduced seed germination. However, treating seeds-at 800C for 3 or 4 days was effective in eradicating the virus without a significant reduction in seed germination. Imbibing LMV-infected seeds in polyethylene glycol (PEG) and heating"at 22,38 and 40°C for 5,10 and 15 days resulted in complete inac-tivation of the virus in both cultivars, Balady and Eskandrany, with no significant effect on seed germination only when seeds were imbibed in PEG and heated at 40°C for 10 days

Similarities in the soluble protein profiles of leaf tissue following either a hypersensitive reaction to virus infection or plasmolysis

Cucumber cotyledons and cowpea leaves both react hypersensitively to tobacco necrosis virus (TNV) infection. The soluble fractions of these tissues, following virus-elicited necrosis, contained apparently novel proteins. The proteins from the two plant species are dissimilar regarding both molecular weight and chemical nature. The α and β fractions in cowpea are strictly proteinaceous, whilst the γ protein in cucumber, is a glycoprotein. Similar alterations to the soluble proteins in either plant type could be induced following a period of plasmolysis in mannitol at hypertonic concentration (0.5 M). Protoplasts isolated from both cucumber and cowpea tissue, plasmolysed as above, did not contain the induced protein fractions. Thus the proteins may be bound to the cell-wall, plasmalemma or present in the cellular free space. Similarities between the stress situation of plasmolysis or a hypersensitive reaction are discussed with a view to establishing the signal(s) for the synthesis or generation of the proteins, and their role and function in these plants, if any.Peer reviewe

Atividade isoenzimática em plantas de trigo infectadas com o vírus SBWMV Isoenzymatic activity in wheat plants infected by virus SBWMV

O objetivo deste trabalho foi elucidar a atividade e a expressão isoenzimática das esterases, das peroxidases e das aspartato aminotransferases em função da infecção de plantas de trigo pelo Soil-borne wheat mosaic virus (SBWMV). Foram analisadas, aos 45 dias após a emergência, quatro cultivares e uma linhagem de trigo, com diferentes níveis de resistência ao SBWMV: BRS Guabiju, BRS 194, BRS 179, BR 23 e PF 980524. De modo geral, ocorreram diferenças qualitativas e quantitativas intra e interpopulacional, quando comparadas plantas assintomáticas e sintomáticas ao SBWMV. Para o sistema esterase, nove padrões de bandas foram determinados e para peroxidase e aspartato aminotransferase foram detectados três padrões de bandas, para ambas as condições. Padrões eletroforéticos foram observados para plantas infectadas, quando comparadas com as não infectadas, destacando-se a atividade da esterase, o que permitiu identificar com maior precisão o estado metabólico e diferenciado das células.<br>The aim of this work was to elucidate the effect of the Soil-borne wheat mosaic virus (SBWMV) on the activity and on the isoenzymatic expression of esterases, peroxidases, and aspartate aminotranferases in wheat plants. Biochemical analyses were carried out for four cultivars and one line of wheat, 45 days after emergence with different levels of resistance to SBWMV: BRS Guabiju, BRS 194, BRS 179, BR 23 and PF 980524. In general, intra and interpopulation differences in quality and quantity were detected, when comparing plants with and without symptoms of SBWMV. Nine band patterns were determined in both situations for esterase. To peroxidase and aspartato aminotransferase, three band patterns were detected for both conditions. Eletrophoretic patterns of SBWMV infected plants were observed, when compared with noninfected ones, notably for esterase, which provides a more precise identification of cell metabolic condition