Antiarrhythmic and Hemodynamic Effects of Omega-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids on Cardiovascular Diseases

This review presents the results of previously performed epidemiological, experimental and clinical studies indicating the use of ω-3 PUFA (polyunsaturated fatty acids) contributes to reduce the risk of developing cardiovascular diseases. Experimental studies have shown ω-3 PUFA are exhibiting antiarrhythmic effects, improving endothelial function, showing an anti- inflammatory effect, affecting the rheological properties of blood, reducing triglyceride concentrations, and increasing the stability of atheromatous plaque. Wide-scale clinical trials have established high efficacy of ω-3 PUFA in primary and secondary prevention of coronary heart disease. It is found to reduce the risk of ventricular arrhythmias and sudden cardiac death. Also, reduces overall mortality and hospitalization rates due to cardiovascular causes in patients with chronic heart failure. Clinical efficacy among cardiovascular diseases of the prescription drugs ω-3 PUFA standardized by qualitative and quantitative compositions to be studied further in a comparison to the other medications with similar make-up

Insulin-like Growth Factor-1 and Myocardial Remodeling in Patients with Chronic Heart Failure of Ischemic Origin

Aim. To study the presence and nature of correlations between the level of Insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) and structural and functional parameters of the heart in the development of myocardial remodeling and fibrosis in patients with chronic heart failure (CHF) of ischemic origin.Material and methods. The study included 120 men with class II-IV CHF who have history of myocardial infarction, which are divided into 3 groups depending on the CHF class. The control group included 25 healthy men. Assessment of left ventricular (LV) structural-functional state was carried out by echocardiography. Investigation of IGF-1 and N-terminal precursor indices of cerebral natriuretic peptide (NT-pro BNP) was performed by enzyme immunoassay.Results. Patients with class II CHF were hyperexpression of IGF-1, with class III CHF were registered low-normal level, with class IV CHF was established a deficiency of IGF-1. The most significant structural-geometric rearrangement of LV and significant deficit of IGF-1 recorded in patients with class IV CHF (95,6±7,02 ng/ml with class IV CHF versus 178,3±11,36 ng/ml and 124,3±9,14 ng/ml with class II and III CHF; р<0,05). In patients of class III-IV CHF, correlation relationships between IGF-1 level and echocardiographic parameters (LV myocardial mass index are established: r=-0,59, p=0,05; end systolic volume index: r=-0,55, p=0,05; value of LV ejection fraction: r=0,61, p=0,05). Significant negative correlation are established in patients with class III-IV CHF between IGF-1 level and NT-pro BNP levels (r=-0,51; р=0,05).Conclusion. The intensity of myocardial remodeling and fibrosis processes in patients with a progressive course of CHF is related to deficit of IGF-1 and is associated with a high level of activity of natriuretic peptides

IMMUNO-INFLAMATORY RESPONSES IN ACUTE CORONARY SYNDROME

Aim. To determine the role of immuno-inflammatory responses in the development of acute coronary syndrome (ACS).Material and methods. 93 patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS), including 60 patients with unstable angina (UA) and 33 patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI) were involved in the study. Comparison group included 83 patients with stable angina and control group - 25 healthy persons. The diagnosis of ischemic heart disease (IHD) was verified on the basis of clinical and instrumental data. For assessment of immuno-inflammatory responses levels of C-reactive protein (CRP), pro-inflammatory (interleukins [IL-1β, IL-6], tumor necrosis factor [TNF-α]) and anti-inflammatory (IL-4, IL-10) cytokines we determined by ELISA method.Results. There were high levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α), high CRP level and low levels of anti-inflammatory IL-4, IL-10 cytokines in UA and AMI patients. Insignificant immunological shifts were found in stable angina patients.Conclusion. Destabilization in the IHD course is characterized with more active immuno-inflammatory responses. Activity of these reactions is associated with ACS severity

Case report of application gene construction with VEGF and BMP2 in restoration of tear in the anterior cruciate ligament of a large breed dog

Here we present case report of restoration of tear in the anterior cruciate ligament of a dog (Labrador) using gene therapy. We injected plasmid DNA pBud-clVEGF-clBMP2 simultaneously expressing combination of two therapeutic canine proteins - VEGF (isoform 164) and BMP2. Effect of treatment was assessed using clinical observation and X-ray

Polymorphism of CYP2C9 gene in patients with stable angina pectoris and its significance in pathogenesis of the disease

A study of 90 patients with stable angina pectoris was performed. The polymerase chain reaction was used to determine the gene polymorphisms of cytochrome CYP2C9*2 C430T. The condition of DNA was studied by the method of DNA comet assa

Rationale and design of the open-label, prospective, randomized study of the efficacy of intravenous versus oral iron deficiency therapy in improving left ventricular systolic function in patients with myocardial infarction (OPERA-MI)

Aim. Iron has a protective effect on cardiomyocytes during hypoxia, while iron deficiency (ID) directly affects its function, disrupting mitochondrial respiration, reducing their contractility and relaxation. Some studies have shown that ID is a predictor of adverse outcomes  in patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS).  However, the impact of ID and its treatment, quality of life and prognosis of patients with ID and myocardial infarction (MI) has not been fully established. The study aim is to determine the effectiveness of intravenous ferric carboxymaltose  (FCM) compared  with oral iron (ferrous sulfate) in relation to left ventricular (LV) systolic function, assessed by echocardiography.Material and methods. This open-label, prospective, randomized study includes 360 patients  with or without ID who were  hospitalized  with acute  myocardial infarction (MI).  Patients with ID will be randomized (1:1) to intravenous FCM and oral ferrous sulfate therapy. Treatment in groups will be started at the time of hospitalization. Patients without ID will form the control group.  The follow-up period for patients will be 1 year. The primary endpoint was a reduction  in LV wall motion score  index (WMSI) in the FCM group compared  to the ferrous sulfate group. The key secondary endpoint is a composite endpoint of cardiovascular death, non-fatal MI and stroke, and hospitalization for decompensated heart failure.Conclusion. The OPERA-MI study will determine the effect  of ID treatment with intravenous FCM compared  with oral ferrous sulfate on WMSI, which reflects LV systolic function

The peculiarities of perspective students selection mechanism by the future employers-enterprise

© 2015, Canadian Center of Science and Education. All rights reserved. The search of qualified staff is an up-to-date problem for all enterprises. In this regard the aim of the research is the development of perspective students selection mechanism by the future employers. One of the sub-stages of the algorithm is the formation of the resource and reserve groups of students by the enterprise representatives and by tutors of the faculty of professional educational institutions. The formation of the resource and reserve groups of students with flexible system of transition from one group into another according to the results of their progress, according to participation extracurricular life of the institute, participation at the international, All-Russian scientific and practical conferences, allow to intensify the process of their self-preparation by means of creation of the natural competitive environment in educational institution of professional education. It also helps to do the selection by employers and to distribute perspective students taking into account their potential opportunities and professional interests

Designing a structure of the modular competence-based curriculum and technologies for its implementation into higher vocational institutions

© Canadian Center of Science and Education. The submitted article deals with the theoretic and practically-oriented aspects of planning and implementing the modular competence-based curriculum in higher professional institutions. Particularly, the authors submit the structure of the modular competence-based curricula, develop the principles of their projecting, describe the technology of introducing the modular competence-based curriculum in higher professional institutions. The developed structure and technology can be applied in the professional institutions, further training and retraining centers in the process of core curriculum drafting, additional vocational programs and working programs as well

New realities of chickenpox

Introduction. The causative agent of chickenpox is ubiquitous. In children, especially with a burdened premorbid background, there is a high incidence of severe forms and complications.Aim. To study the course of chickenpox in children in modern conditions.Material and methods. 58 pediatricians (group 1), 42 parents of children aged 0 to 3 years (group 2) and 43 parents of children aged 3 to 6 years (group 3) were surveyed.Results and discussion. In the 1st group, 224 children (73.68%) had a long period of rashes, 57 children (18.75%) had a mild and not long period. At the age of 16, unvaccinated children first fell ill with chickenpox. In 23 patients (7.57%), there were obvious clinical manifestations of chickenpox with a pronounced and prolonged intoxication syndrome. In 67.43%, a positive Mantoux test was recorded with an increase in papule and corolla of hyperemia in dynamics. The development of complications significantly more often (p = 0.0429) was recorded in the group of children with aggravated premorbid background. All pediatricians are positive about vaccination. In the 2nd group, out of 37.5% of parents who are against vaccination, 16.67% believe that the vaccine does not always have a positive effect on the health of the child. The ineffectiveness of vaccines is recognized by 45.83% of respondents. 40.47% of children have not been vaccinated and they do not have vaccination certificates. In the 3rd group, 32.56% of children were ill with chickenpox, of which 79.07% had a mild form of the disease. 67.44% have a positive attitude towards vaccination against chickenpox. The coverage of all vaccines according to the National calendar was 100%.Conclusion. Chickenpox is a serious unsafe infectious disease that requires specific prophylaxis

Study of the effect of the introduction of mitochondrial import determinants into the gRNA structure on the activity of the gRNA/SpCas9 complex in vitro

It has long been known that defects in the structure of the mitochondrial genome can cause various neuromuscular and neurodegenerative diseases. Nevertheless, at present there is no effective method for treating mitochondrial diseases. The major problem with the treatment of such diseases is associated with mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) heteroplasmy. It means that due to a high copy number of the mitochondrial genome, mutant copies of mtDNA coexist with wild-type molecules in the same organelle. The clinical symptoms of mitochondrial diseases and the degree of their manifestation directly depend on the number of mutant mtDNA molecules in the cell. The possible way to reduce adverse effects of the mutation is by shifting the level of heteroplasmy towards the wild-type mtDNA molecules. Using this idea, several gene therapeutic approaches based on TALE and ZF nucleases have been developed for this purpose. However, the construction of protein domains of such systems is rather long and laborious process. Meanwhile, the CRISPR/Cas9 system is fundamentally different from protein systems in that it is easy to use, highly efficiency and has a different mechanism of action. All the characteristics and capabilities of the CRISPR/Cas9 system make it a promising tool in mitochondrial genetic engineering. In this article, we demonstrate for the first time that the modification of gRNA by integration of specific mitochondrial import determinants in the gRNA scaffold does not affect the activity of the gRNA/Cas9 complex in vitro