MULTIPLE DRUG RESISTANCE PROTEINS OF PULMONARY SOMATIC CELLS AND THEIR SPECIFIC EXPRESSION IN FIBROUS CAVERNOUS TUBERCULOSIS

Cells of the host containing special proteins-transporters, so-called proteins of multiple drug resistance (MDR proteins) can contribute to the drug resistance formation.Goal of the study: to define specific expression of gene and distribution of main MDR proteins (MDR1/Pgp, MRP1, lRP, BCRP) in the pulmonary cells in case of active tuberculosis.Materials and methods. Expression of MDR protein genes was evaluated by RT-PCR for mRNA isolated from the surgical specimen of fibrous cavernous tuberculosis patients. Localization of MDR proteins was performed by immunohistochemical staining and confocal laser microscopy. Main results. Intensity of MDR protein genes expression varies in different zones of tuberculous lesions: MDR1 and BCRP are characterized by the highest level and MRP1 gene is characterized by the minimum level. The level of lRP gene expression depends on the inflammation zone and it is maximum in perifocal zone where protein is detected in the cells of alveolar epithelium and macrophages. High expression of MDR protein genes in various parts of tuberculous lesions witnesses about the potential involvement of these proteins in the development of drug resistance to anti-tuberculosis drugs

Белки множественной лекарственной устойчивости соматических клеток легкого и особенности их экспрессии при фиброзно-кавернозном туберкулезе

Cells of the host containing special proteins-transporters, so-called proteins of multiple drug resistance (MDR proteins) can contribute to the drug resistance formation.Goal of the study: to define specific expression of gene and distribution of main MDR proteins (MDR1/Pgp, MRP1, lRP, BCRP) in the pulmonary cells in case of active tuberculosis.Materials and methods. Expression of MDR protein genes was evaluated by RT-PCR for mRNA isolated from the surgical specimen of fibrous cavernous tuberculosis patients. Localization of MDR proteins was performed by immunohistochemical staining and confocal laser microscopy. Main results. Intensity of MDR protein genes expression varies in different zones of tuberculous lesions: MDR1 and BCRP are characterized by the highest level and MRP1 gene is characterized by the minimum level. The level of lRP gene expression depends on the inflammation zone and it is maximum in perifocal zone where protein is detected in the cells of alveolar epithelium and macrophages. High expression of MDR protein genes in various parts of tuberculous lesions witnesses about the potential involvement of these proteins in the development of drug resistance to anti-tuberculosis drugs.В формировании устойчивости к лекарственным препаратам могут принимать участие клетки макроорганизма, содержащие специальные белки-транспортеры, получившие название «белки множественной лекарственной устойчивости» (белки МЛУ).Цель исследования: определить особенности экспрессии генов и распределения основных белков МЛУ (MDR1/Pgp, MRP1, LRP, BCRP) в клетках легкого при туберкулезном процессе.Материалы и методы. Оценка экспрессии генов белков МЛУ проведена методом ОТ-ПЦР на мРНК, выделенной из операционного материала больных фиброзно-кавернозным туберкулезом. Оценка локализации белков МЛУ выполнена с помощью методов иммуногистохимического окрашивания и конфокальной лазерной микроскопии.Результаты. Выраженность экспрессии генов белков МЛУ в разных зонах туберкулезного процесса варьирует: MDR1 и BCRP характеризуются наиболее высоким уровнем и минимальным - ген MRP1. Уровень экспрессии гена LRP зависит от зоны воспаления и является максимальным в перифокальной зоне, где белок выявляется в клетках альвеолярного эпителия и макрофагах. Высокая экспрессия генов белков МЛУ в разных зонах туберкулезного процесса свидетельствует о потенциальной возможности участия данных белков в развитии лекарственной устойчивости к препаратам противотуберкулезной химиотерапии

AICAR Improves Outcomes of Metabolic Syndrome and Type 2 Diabetes Induced by High-Fat Diet in C57Bl/6 Male Mice

The aim of the study was to investigate the effect of AMP-activated protein kinase activator 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide ribonucleoside (AICAR) on the consequences of metabolic syndrome and type 2 diabetes induced by the consumption of a high-fat diet (HFD) in male C57Bl/6 mice. Additionally, the animals from group 6 were administered Methotrexate (MTX) at a dose of 1 mg/kg in parallel with AICAR, which slows down the metabolism of AICAR. The animals were recorded with signs of metabolic syndrome and type 2 diabetes mellitus by recording their body weights, glucose and insulin levels, and the calculating HOMA-IRs. At the end of the study, at the end of the 13th week, during necropsy, the internal organs were assessed, the masses of the organs were recorded, and special attention was paid to visceral fat, assessing its amount and the mass of the fat surrounding epididymis. The biochemical parameters and histology of the internal organs and tissues were assessed. The animals showed signs of metabolic syndrome and type 2 diabetes, namely, weight gain, hyperglycemia, hyperinsulinemia, an increase in the amount and mass of abdominal fat, and metabolic disorders, all expressed in a pathological change in biochemical parameters and pathological changes in internal organs. The AICAR treatment led to a decrease in body weight, a decrease in the amount and mass of abdominal fat, and an improvement in the pathomorphological picture of internal organs. However, some hepatotoxic effects were observed when the animals, on a received standard diet (STD), were treated with AICAR starting from the first day of the study. The additional administration of MTX, an AICAR metabolic inhibitor, did not improve its efficacy. Thus, AICAR has therapeutic potential for the treatment of metabolic syndrome and type 2 diabetes