Research of Creative Imagination and Communicative Competence of Senior Preschool Children

Статья посвящена исследованию творческого воображения и коммуникативной компетентности детей старшего школьного возраста. В работе проведен сравнительный анализ между различными подвыборками, который позволил выделить группы респондентов с разным уровнем выраженности творческого воображения и коммуникативной компетентности у мальчиков и девочек старшего дошкольного возраста и описать их психологические характеристики. Обобщение результатов исследования позволит разработать программу развития творческого воображения у детей старшего дошкольного возраста.The article is devoted to the study of creative imagination and communicative competence of children of high school age. The paper presents a comparative analysis between diff erent sub-samples, which allowed us to identify groups of respondents with diff erent levels of expression of creative imagination and communicative competence in boys and girls of senior preschool age and describe their psychological characteristics. Summarizing the results of the study will allow us to develop a program for the development of creative imagination in older preschool children

Adverse reactions of high-osmolar and low-osmolar radiographic contrast media in clinical practice

Introduction. Adverse drug reactions (ADR) to administration of radiographic contrast media (RCM) are observed in 10–20 % of patients. Individual tolerability of drugs is affected by RCM properties (ionicity, osmolarity). Aim. Evaluation of ADR in patients during diagnostic studies using high- and low-osmolar RCM. Methods. Analysis of 52 reports of adverse reactions to RCM registered in medical organizations of Voronezh region in 2014–2021 was performed. Group 1 included 21 patients with ADR to high-osmolar RCM (sodium amidotrizoate, yoxitalamic acid), group 2–31 patients with ADR to low-osmolar drugs (yogexol, yopromide, yopamidol, yoversol). Results. Age of patients is 6–82 years, median 48.5 years, children — 8 persons (15.4 %), women — 31 patients (59.6 %), serious reactions — 28 (53.8 %). Since 2017 there has been an increase in the number of ADRs with constant frequency of serious reactions. In 2020–2021 ADRs to low-osmolar drugs were mainly registered. Life-threatening conditions (anaphylactic shock, arterial hypotension, arrhythmia) were observed in 70.2 % of group 2, in 28.6 % of group 1 (p=0.007). One patient with initial renal dysfunction and comorbid pathology was reported to develop nephrotoxicity to yogexol. Pharmacological correction was performed in 92.3 % of cases. In 57.7 % of the patients ADR ended in recovery, in the  other cases — state improvement. Conclusion. Side effects of high-osmolar and low-osmolar RCM mainly had form of hyperergic reactions of immediate type and were reversible. High frequency of serious reactions to lowosmolar RCM against an increase in their use requires a more careful selection of patients for X-ray contrast studies

Appropriate prevention of vitamin D deficiency in the population of the Irkutsk region

Purpose of the study. To determine the influence of climatic and geographical factors of the Irkutsk region on the risk of hypovitaminosis D in children and adults. Patients and methods. The contents of 25(OH)D-3 in the blood of children and adults (3261 samples) were evaluated. The materials were obtained in the Diagnostic Center of the region and the InVitro laboratory. Results of monitoring of ultraviolet radiation and precipitation in the Irkutsk region for 2014-2015 were analyzed according to ground and satellite measurements. Results. The Irkutsk region is in the zone of ultraviolet insufficiency during the period from September-October to March-May. The status of the metabolite of vitamin D - 25(oH)D3 in the population of the region is low, especially in adolescents and people older than 70 years. 68 % of children have vitamin D deficiency. Activity of 25(oH)D3 depends on meteorological factors, especially the level of precipitation and the intake of vitamin D. For each geographical area of the region, time intervals were calculated for the formation of vitamin D in the skin under the influence of ultraviolet radiation and time intervals for the intake of vitamin D preparations. The exposure time in the sun was calculated for the formation of vitamin D for individuals with different skin phototypes, depending on the degree of its openness

Role of student scientific society in forming professional motivation of students

The article presents the activities of the student scientific society of the department of propaedeutics of internal diseases. It is shown the contribution of student scientific society to the formation of professional motivation of students during 10 years, besides, some problems are identified, and it is shown the ways to improve the effectiveness of scientific activities for professional and personal growth of students.В статье представлена работа студенческого научного общества (СНО) кафедры пропедевтики внутренних болезней. На основании анализа деятельности СНО кафедры за 10 лет показан его вклад в формирование профессиональной мотивации студентов, выявлены проблемы и определены пути повышения эффективности работы СНО для профессионального и личностного роста студентов

Relationship of the incoming testing results and the final exam assesment of students

Incoming testing is very important for the assessment of knowledge and for the improvement of the exam results on subject of propaedeutic of internal diseases. The purpose of this research was to study the relationship between the results of incoming testing and the final assessment of knowledge. Data were obtained that students were not received unsatisfactory marks for the exam on propaedeutic of internal diseases who passed the incoming test for "excellent" and "good" marks. It is shown a positive correlation relationship between the final rating for the exam and the percentage of correct answers to the incoming test.Проведение входящего тестирования является важным для диагностики знаний и в дальнейшем — для улучшения результатов экзамена студентов по пропедевтике внутренних болезней. Целью настоящего исследования явилось изучение взаимосвязи между результатами входящего тестирования и итоговой оценкой знаний по предмету. Были получены данные, что у студентов, которые сдали входящий тест на отлично и хорошо, неудовлетворительных оценок за экзамен по пропедевтике внутренних болезней получено не было. Показана положительная взаимосвязь между итоговым рейтингом за экзамен и процентом правильных ответов на входящий тес

Cognitive Aging in Zebrafish

BACKGROUND: Age-related impairments in cognitive functions represent a growing clinical and social issue. Genetic and behavioral characterization of animal models can provide critical information on the intrinsic and environmental factors that determine the deterioration or preservation of cognitive abilities throughout life. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: Behavior of wild-type, mutant and gamma-irradiated zebrafish (Danio rerio) was documented using image-analysis technique. Conditioned responses to spatial, visual and temporal cues were investigated in young, middle-aged and old animals. The results demonstrate that zebrafish aging is associated with changes in cognitive responses to emotionally positive and negative experiences, reduced generalization of adaptive associations, increased stereotypic and reduced exploratory behavior and altered temporal entrainment. Genetic upregulation of cholinergic transmission attenuates cognitive decline in middle-aged achesb55/+ mutants, compared to wild-type siblings. In contrast, the genotoxic stress of gamma-irradiation accelerates the onset of cognitive impairment in young zebrafish. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE: These findings would allow the use of powerful molecular biological resources accumulated in the zebrafish field to address the mechanisms of cognitive senescence, and promote the search for therapeutic strategies which may attenuate age-related cognitive decline

COMPARATIVE STUDY OF M. TUBERCULOSIS GENOTYPES FROM BORDER DISTRICTS OF MONGOLIA AND BURYATIA

MIRU-VNTR genetic polymorphism of 156 strains of M. tuberculosis was studied. On the background of significant presence of Beijing genotype strains (44/57 (77,2 %)) we discovered prevalence of epidemically significant Beijing subtype MIT17 (29/44 (65,9 %)) in patients from Mongolia

Sunlight-Exposed Biofilm Microbial Communities Are Naturally Resistant to Chernobyl Ionizing-Radiation Levels

BACKGROUND: The Chernobyl accident represents a long-term experiment on the effects of exposure to ionizing radiation at the ecosystem level. Though studies of these effects on plants and animals are abundant, the study of how Chernobyl radiation levels affect prokaryotic and eukaryotic microbial communities is practically non-existent, except for a few reports on human pathogens or soil microorganisms. Environments enduring extreme desiccation and UV radiation, such as sunlight exposed biofilms could in principle select for organisms highly resistant to ionizing radiation as well. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: To test this hypothesis, we explored the diversity of microorganisms belonging to the three domains of life by cultivation-independent approaches in biofilms developing on concrete walls or pillars in the Chernobyl area exposed to different levels of radiation, and we compared them with a similar biofilm from a non-irradiated site in Northern Ireland. Actinobacteria, Alphaproteobacteria, Bacteroidetes, Acidobacteria and Deinococcales were the most consistently detected bacterial groups, whereas green algae (Chlorophyta) and ascomycete fungi (Ascomycota) dominated within the eukaryotes. Close relatives to the most radio-resistant organisms known, including Rubrobacter species, Deinococcales and melanized ascomycete fungi were always detected. The diversity of bacteria and eukaryotes found in the most highly irradiated samples was comparable to that of less irradiated Chernobyl sites and Northern Ireland. However, the study of mutation frequencies in non-coding ITS regions versus SSU rRNA genes in members of a same actinobacterial operational taxonomic unit (OTU) present in Chernobyl samples and Northern Ireland showed a positive correlation between increased radiation and mutation rates. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE: Our results show that biofilm microbial communities in the most irradiated samples are comparable to non-irradiated samples in terms of general diversity patterns, despite increased mutation levels at the single-OTU level. Therefore, biofilm communities growing in sunlight exposed substrates are capable of coping with increased mutation rates and appear pre-adapted to levels of ionizing radiation in Chernobyl due to their natural adaptation to periodical desiccation and ambient UV radiation

High prevalence of genotype B0/W148 of Mycobacterium tuberculosis among HIV-TB patients in Perm Krai and Irkutsk Region

Background. The population with HIV-infection plays significant role in ongoing tuberculosis pandemic. Immunosuppression due to HIV-infection is one of the causes of TB disseminated forms in this group of people. Having low immune status is also often associated with a polyclonal M. tuberculosis infection. Aim of the research: comparative assessment of epidemic genotypes of M. tuberculosis prevalence and mixed genotypes identification within HlV-TB co-infected patients in two Russian regions. Materials and methods. The DNAs of 78 clinical isolates from Irkutsk Region (IR) and 64 strains from Perm Krai (PK) have been genotyped by MIRU VNTR 24 and RD105/RD207. Strains were obtained from patients who did not have significant age and sex differences. In the PK age of the patients was 34.5 ± 0.9, in IR - 34.4 ± 1.5 years. The samples were obtained from 67.2 and 65.4 % of men, respectively. Result. The study of the M. tuberculosis indicates significant predominance of Beijing genotype strains in patients with TB-HIV of PK (92.2 %) compared to the IR (59.5 %) (х2 = 18.0; p < 0.01). The prevalence of MDR pathogens in TB-HIV patients exceeded 50 %. The mixed genotype detection in the PK and IR was high (14.1 and 12.7 % respectively). The level of virulent strains B0/W148 was 34.4 % in PK patients and 25.3 % in IR ones. Analysis of the results suggests the epidemic spread of MDR-TB in the immunocompromised individuals. Conclusions: The identified trends may indicate that Perm Kray have a process of active dissemination of transmissible strains of M. tuberculosis within HIV-infected population

Assessment of students’ education quality on practical training

The quality of the educational process is an important component of education in higher education institutions and determines the quality of the final result, i.e. the educational product. Competence approach to the result of education involves taking into account practical skills and the ability to apply the knowledge in practice. Assessing and tracking the quality aspects of learning is an extremely important task. To assess the quality of education at the Department of propedeutics of internal diseases by questionnaire analyzed the satisfaction of students of the 3rd year of medical and preventive faculty educational services in 2018-2019 academic year. Most of the students (90%) rated the organization of the educational process in the discipline as excellent or good. The quality of practical training and the material studied on them by a significant part (70%) of students are evaluated perfectly and well. 94% of students believe that the goals set in the classroom are realized well and perfectly. 90% of students evaluate the development of practical skills on "good and excellent". Thus, the educational process at the Department of propaedeutics of internal diseases fully satisfies students.Качество образовательного процесса является важной составляющей обучения в высших учебных заведениях и определяет качество конечного результата, т.е. образовательного продукта. Компетентностный подход к результату образования предполагает учет практических навыков и умения на практике применять полученные знания. Оценивание и отслеживание качественных аспектов обучения является исключительно важной задачей. Для оценки качества обучения на кафедре пропедевтики внутренних болезней путем анкетирования проанализирована удовлетворенность студентов 3 курса лечебно-профилактического факультета образовательными услугами в 2018-2019 учебном году. Большая часть студентов (90%) оценила организацию учебного процесса по дисциплине как отличную или хорошую. Качество практических занятий и изучаемый на них материал значительной частью (70%) студентов оценены на отлично и хорошо. 94% студентов считают, что поставленные на занятиях цели реализуются на хорошо и отлично. 90% студентов оценивают освоение практических навыков на «хорошо и отлично». Таким образом, учебный процесс на кафедре пропедевтики внутренних болезней полностью удовлетворяет студентов