Convention Mechanism of International Cooperation on Preventing and Combating Drug Trafficking

The article presents the author's analysis of the international legal regulation of combating drug crime. It is considered the role of cooperation between the international organizations and law enforcement bodies in this field on the basis of two basic conventions: it is substantiated the need for transnational approaches in preventing and combating drug crim

Test-System for Identification of Typical and Genetically Altered Variants of Cholera Vibrios, Biovar El Tor, Using Real-Time PCR

The aim of the work was to analyze and assess the results of using PCR test-system “V. cholerae variant ctxB-rtxC FL genes” for identification of Vibrio cholerae O1 with differentiation between typical toxigenic and genetically modified variants in a multiplex format with a real-time hybridization-fluorescent recording of results. Materials and methods. To achieve this goal, a set of reagents for the PCR test-system “V. cholerae O1 variant ctxB-rtxC FL genes”, as well as a method for identifying V. cholerae O1 with differentiation between typical toxigenic and genetically altered variants were utilized. The specificity, specific activity and sensitivity of the developed test-system by the example of 35 V. cholerae O1 strains, 6 V. cholerae non-O1 strains, 5 heterologous strains (Shigella zonnei – 2 strains, one Salmonella typhimurium strain, S. enteritidis, Escherichia coli) were investigated. Results and discussion. The panel of reagents for the PCR test system “V. cholerae variant ctxB-rtxC FL genes” detects DNA fragments of the ctxBCl, ctxBEl, rtxC genes in the genome of toxigenic V. cholerae О1 (has specific activity, analytical sensitivity 1·103 GE/ml) and does not detect these genes in non-toxigenic V. cholerae O1 and non-O1, as well as in heterologous strains of microorganisms (100 % specificity). RF Patent No. 2732448 was granted for the PCR test-system “V. cholerae variant ctxB-rtxC FL genes”. It can be used to increase the efficiency of the epidemiological surveillance system and to carry out a justified scope of anti-epidemic measures in the event of cholera importation into the territory of the Russian Federation

КЛИНИКО-ЛАБОРАТОРНАЯ ХАРАКТЕРИСТИКА ЗАБОЛЕВАНИЙ, ВЫЗВАННЫХ БОРРЕЛИЯМИ, У ЖИТЕЛЕЙ НОВОСИБИРСКОЙ ОБЛАСТИ В 2015–2017 ГГ.

The aim of the study was to establish the clinical and laboratory  features of Lyme borreliosis (LB) and borreliosis caused by Borrelia miyamotoi in adults from Novosibirsk region.Materials and methods. The study included 724 patients, residents of the Novosibirsk region, hospitalized with a  fever that arose after a tick bite in the epidemic seasons 2015–2017. In all patients, clinical manifestations of the disease, hemogram  parameters and biochemical parameters of blood serum were  studied. DNA of B. miyamotoi was detected in blood and  cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of patients using nested PCR; the results  were confirmed by direct sequencing of PCR fragments. LB was  diagnosed by the presence of erythema migrans as well as by the  detection of Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato DNA by PCR and/or  specific IgM by ELISA. Results and discussion. B. miyamotoi DNA of the Asian type was  identified in samples from 10,2% of 724 examined patients, LB with  erythema migrans was diagnosed in 16,0% of patients, and LB  without erythema migrans was revealed in 4,6% of patients. All  patients with B. miyamotoi infection had high or moderate fever and  symptoms of intoxication in the absence of erythema migrans;  13,5% of patients with B. miyamotoi had meningeal symptoms  without any changes in the CSF. Notably, the changes in leukocyte  formula were recorded more often in patients with B. miyamotoi  compared to those with LB (p <0,05).In patients with B. miyamotoi  infection, the increase in the activity of serum transaminases was poorly expressed, however their average values were higher than in patients with LB with erythema migrans (p <0,05).The conclusion. Nonspecific symptoms of the disease caused by B.  miyamotoi have been established. These studies are the basis for  inclusion the detection of B. miyamotoi DNA in blood samples using  PCR into the complex of examination for patients with a fever after the tick bite.Цель исследования – установить клинико-лабораторные особенности иксодовых  клещевых боррелиозов и боррелиоза, вызванного Borrelia miyamotoi, у взрослых жителей Новосибирской области.Материалы и методы. В исследование включено 724 больных, жителей Новосибирской  области, госпитализированных с лихорадкой, возникшей после укуса клеща в  эпидемических сезонах 2015–2017 гг. У всех пациентов изучены клинические проявления  заболевания, показатели гемограммы и биохимические показатели сыворотки крови.  Методом двухраундовой ПЦР выявляли ДНК B. miyamotoi в крови и ликворе, результаты  подтверждали секвенированием обнаруженных ПЦР-фрагментов. Иксодовый клещевой  боррелиоз (ИКБ) диагностировали по наличию мигрирующей эритемы, а также на основании выявления ДНК Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato методом ПЦР и/или специфических IgM методом ИФА.Результаты и обсуждение. Из числа 724 больных у 10,2% в крови выявлена ДНК B.  miyamotoi азиатского типа, у 16,0% диагностирована эритемная и у 4,6% безэритемная  формы ИКБ. При боррелиозе, вызванном B. miyamotoi, наблюдались высокая и умеренная  лихорадка и симптомы интоксикации при отсутствии мигрирующей эритемы; у 13,5%  больных отмечались менингеальные симптомы без воспалительных изменений в ликворе;  относительный нейтрофилез и палочкоядерный сдвиг лейкоцитарной формулы  регистрировались чаще по сравнению с ИКБ (р <0,05). Повышение активности сывороточных трансаминаз было слабо выраженным, их средние показатели  были выше по сравнению с эритемной формой ИКБ (p<0,05).Заключение. Установлена неспецифичность симптомов заболевания, вызванного В.  miyamotoi. Данные исследования являются основанием для включения в комплекс  обследования пациентов с лихорадкой после укуса клеща, наряду с традиционными  методами лабораторной диагностики ИКБ, проведения анализа образцов крови методом ПЦР на наличие ДНК B. miyamoto

Management of the Investigation and Detection of Legionellosis Agent in the Environmental Samples during the Preparation and Holding of the XXII Winter Olympics and XI Paralympics in Sochi

Provided are the data on the management and carrying out of the laboratory control over the hot-water supply systems of the sports venues and accommodation areas for the presence of Legionella pneumophila during the XXII Olympics and XI Paralympics in Sochi, 2014. Inspected have been 105 facilities. The samples from 37 of them showed positive. L. pneumophila DNA concentration varies between 2.19·102 and 3.92·107 genome equivalents (g.e.)/l. By means of bacteriological investigation detected have been legionella colonies in the water supply systems of 16 facilities, at one of the items - the loading is over 1·104 colony-forming units/l. Performed has been comparative analysis of the results obtained using PCR assay and bacteriological test. Based on the genotyping of 7 isolated strains serogroup 1 and 2 strains of 2-14 serogroups it is concluded that L. pneumophila strains circulating in the resort town Sochi are genetically heterogeneous

PRODUCTION OF MELTED BUTTER WITH INCREASED STORAGE STABILITY

The paper presents data on melted butter preservation research. It has been conducted analysis of the components applied and their positive impact on the butter storage. To last belong sodium chloride staying the formation of free fatty acids and also additionally contributable lactatecontaining additive. Laboratory studies were carried out in a certain way. A half of each batch of butter were remelted in two versions with the addition of sodium chloride up to 4 % by weight of the butter to precipitate proteins and without the addition of the salt. Food additive with the properties of animal origin products shelf life increase were supplemented into the melted butter. The rest manufacturing operations were performed by the traditional method of melted butter production. It was evaluated the organoleptic characteristics and investigated fat phase acidity and fat peroxide number in the samples of melted butter with a month interval. Also were determinated the transparency of test samples. All test samples in molten state were transparent, they didn't contain suspended particles. Results of the score were summarized and on the base of the total assessment were determinated quality of the product. The carried out researches of samples of melted butter have shown the full conformance with requirements of GOST R 52971 on physicochemical parameters: the weight fraction of fat – 99 %, the weight fraction of moisture – 1 %. It was established that in the samples without food additive maximum values of acid number were received in a month of storage; and in the samples with additive - in 3 months of storage. It was determinated that in samples of butter rented without salting peroxide number increases more intensively than in other test samples. It has been determined increased storage stability of melted butter with salt and food additive

MELTED BUTTER TECHNOLOGY DEVELOPMENT

Summary. Melted butter is made from dairy butter by rendering the fat phase. It has specific taste and aroma, high-calorie content and good assimilability. Defects of butter which appeared during the storage causes by the development of microbiological processes or by the chemical oxidation. On the development of these processes influence quality and composition of fresh butter, its physical structure, content of the increased amount of gas phase and content of heavy metals, storage conditions. Microbiological spoilage of butter occurs generally due to damage of plasma which is good environment for the development of microorganisms. Defects of microbiological origin include: unclean, sour, moldy, yeasty, cheesy, bitter taste. Defects of test and smell chemical origin are formed due to hydrolytic digestion of lipids. It's prevailed at long storage of butter in the conditions of freezing temperatures. It's picked out the following main processes of spoiling: souring, acidifying and sallowness. Often these processes take place simultaneously.It has been investigated melted butter with lactated additive. The latter improves the microbiological and toxicological safety, prolongs the storage condition of the products. Technological efficiency of the additives is achieved by a multilayer products formation from the inactive bound water, preventing microorganisms growth and by the barrier layer with lactate inhibiting hydrolytic reactions. Oil samples were obtained with the batch-type butter maker application, then they were melted and after that lactated additive were supplemented. It has been studied organoleptic and physico-chemical indices of the melted butter samples. The fatty-acid composition of melted butter were studied. Comparative analysis of fatty-acid composition of cow's milk fat and produced melted butter has shown their similarity. Also in the last sample there is increased weight fraction of linoleic and linolenic acids. The obtained experimental data for melted butter allow to conclude about its high quality

BEHAVIORAL PECULIARITIES IN PATIENTS WITH SURPLUS BODY MASS AND OBESITY

Background: Eating in obesity represents behavioral systems more powerful than conscious self-control. Aim: To study the obese patients’ behavior with the help of clinical-psychopathological and personal style criteria. Materials and methods: A total of 149 patients (aged 19-69 years), who sought medical help due to obesity or overweight were examined. Their physical condition was satisfactory and concomitant somatic diseases were compensated. Patients’ behavior was assessed by diagnostic criteria ICD-10 as well as with a Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (psychological testing). Results: It was established that psychical impairments existed in 98 (65.8%) patients. The anxiety disorders (in 65 patients, 43.6%) and affective ones (in 41 patients, 31.5%) were noted most frequently. Factor analysis of the psychological test data revealed 5 main styles of behavior in patients with overweight and obesity: borderline, hyperthymic, dysthymic, sensitive, and undifferentiated. Neither these behavioral styles nor the frequency of disorders corresponded to the degree of obesity. Conclusion: Disturbances of eating self-regulation in obesity are associated with different behavioral styles, which are not specific for mental disorders only. These behavioral styles are described in the study as well as corresponding psychological mechanisms of overeating

Clinical and laboratory characteristics of diseases caused by Borrelia spp. in the inhabitants of the Novosibirsk region in 2015–2017

The aim of the study was to establish the clinical and laboratory  features of Lyme borreliosis (LB) and borreliosis caused by Borrelia miyamotoi in adults from Novosibirsk region.Materials and methods. The study included 724 patients, residents of the Novosibirsk region, hospitalized with a  fever that arose after a tick bite in the epidemic seasons 2015–2017. In all patients, clinical manifestations of the disease, hemogram  parameters and biochemical parameters of blood serum were  studied. DNA of B. miyamotoi was detected in blood and  cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of patients using nested PCR; the results  were confirmed by direct sequencing of PCR fragments. LB was  diagnosed by the presence of erythema migrans as well as by the  detection of Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato DNA by PCR and/or  specific IgM by ELISA. Results and discussion. B. miyamotoi DNA of the Asian type was  identified in samples from 10,2% of 724 examined patients, LB with  erythema migrans was diagnosed in 16,0% of patients, and LB  without erythema migrans was revealed in 4,6% of patients. All  patients with B. miyamotoi infection had high or moderate fever and  symptoms of intoxication in the absence of erythema migrans;  13,5% of patients with B. miyamotoi had meningeal symptoms  without any changes in the CSF. Notably, the changes in leukocyte  formula were recorded more often in patients with B. miyamotoi  compared to those with LB (p <0,05).In patients with B. miyamotoi  infection, the increase in the activity of serum transaminases was poorly expressed, however their average values were higher than in patients with LB with erythema migrans (p <0,05).The conclusion. Nonspecific symptoms of the disease caused by B.  miyamotoi have been established. These studies are the basis for  inclusion the detection of B. miyamotoi DNA in blood samples using  PCR into the complex of examination for patients with a fever after the tick bite