SEASONAL LIFE HISTORY PLASTICITY OF THE GROUP OF WINTER WHEAT AND TRITICALE ACCESSIONS

The application of “spring analogs” to explore winterhardiness of wheat gives the possibility to obtain cultivars with higher hardiness. Seasonal life history plasticity of winter cultivars gives the possibility to obtain such “analogs”. Winterhardiness of 34 winter wheat and triticale accessions from Krasnodar was tested in West Siberia environment. Their ofsprings were sown early in the spring near Novosibirsk to study their plasticity and to obtain “spring analogs”. In the fall the percentage of fertile plants was equal to 0 in the case of 5 accessions and to not more than 59.3 in other 29 accessions partly because of the  presence of sterile plants. The progeny of this sowing was sown next year late in the spring. As a result, in the fall fer tile plants were observed in the progeny of only 15 winter accessions. Also plants at the stage of tillering were observed in the progeny of 28 accessions at the beginning of winter. Some of them survived and developed seeds next year earlier than winter cultivars. Variability in performance was observed between these plants in spite of sandy soil (low humidity content) and May-June strong drought. So, such “winter-spring” plants can be used for breeding wheat and triticale accessions suitable for sowing late in the spring or early in the summer and harvesting next year earlier than winter cultivars. They can be developed in accordance with sustainable agriculture, because “winter-spring” plants were generated in an extremely unfavourable environment: sandy acid soil (pH 4.9–5.3) with low fertility (nitrogen content in the upper 40-cm layer was below 25 kg/ha) without fertilizer application. There is a theoretical posibility to breed “winter-spring” plants in simultaneous sowings with spring cultivars

LITHOLYTIC THERAPY AT THE TREATMENT OF CHOLELITHIASIS (REVIEW OF LITERATURE)

Treatment of cholelithiasis in patients with high operative risk need requires minimally invasive methods. Contact bilestones litholysis is a perspective direction. For this purpose it is recommended to use medications with the highest litholytic activity and the lowest side effects. It is necessary to seek for an adequate concrement dissolvent because of mineral and organic composition of bilestones. The article presents comparative analysis of characteristics of various dissolving agents proceeding from effectiveness and intensity toxic effects

POSSIBILITIES OF VACUUM-INSTILLATION THERAPY WITH DIMEXIDUM AND BETADINE IN THE TREATMENT OF PURULENT WOUNDS

With the use of vacuum therapy in the treatment of purulent wounds, it is not possible to actively localize the microflora in the wound, since the last is for a long time covered by an insulating sealed bandage. In addition, unlike with traditional methods of treating wounds with daily dressings, there is no effect of "washing away" detritus, necrotic masses, accumulations of leukocytes. The aim of the work was to develop a technique for vacuum-instillation therapy of wounds using dimexidum and betadine and to evaluate its effectiveness in comparison with the isolated application of controlled negative pressure in patients with purulent wounds of various origins. 58 patients with chronic purulent wounds, trophic ulcers with atherosclerotic lesions of the vessels of the extremities and diabetic angiopathy were examined. The first group of patients received isolated vacuum therapy, the second group was managed with vacuum-instillation therapy with dimexidum and betadine, the control group received traditional treatment with water-soluble ointments. Evaluation of the results of treatment was based on growth of granulation tissue, reduction of defect size, and level of cytokines in traumatic discharge. Vacuum therapy significantly improves the course of the wound process, which leads to faster cleaning, granulation of the defect and a decrease in its size. When added to NPWT instillations of antiseptics, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and anabolic effects are enhanced, which facilitates more pronounced regenerative response and, accordingly, a reduction in the duration of treatment

OPTIMIZATION OF METHODS FOR DIAGNOSTICS OF PATIENTS WITH TOXIC AND CIRRHOTIC LIVER LESIONS

Chronic liver disease is a serious problem for public health service. As a result of increasing alcoholization of population, drug addiction, number of patients with parenteral hepatitis (B, C, D) the conditions for significant increase of number of patients with hepatocirrhosis appear. The aim. of our study was to determine the most optima! methods of diagnostics of patients with toxic and cirrhotic lesions of liver. The object of the research was 67 patients treated, in Irkutsk Municipal Clinical Hospital N 1 during 2007—2011 years with liver cirrhosis. All the patients had. diagnostic laparoscopy with determination. of the level of cytokines, albumins and. gamma-globulins with further clinicomorphological and. statistical analysis of the results. It was revealed that complex use of instrumental and. laboratory methods allows to diagnose liver cirrhosis at the early stage of its progress very precisely.

RAISE OF HIGH FROST-RESISTANT AGROPYRON–TRITICUM HYBRIDS

One way of obtaining high-frost-resistant varieties of winter wheat is a wide hybridization with wild relatives, in particular, certain species of wheatgrass. The most promising frost resistance donor is Agropyron glaucum (Desf. ex DC) Roem. & Schult. (=Syn. Thinopyrum intermedium (Host) Barkworth & D.R. Dewey). A large collection of Agropyron glaucum genotypes was derived from the original material collected in Eastern Kazakhstan, at an elevated site with little snow, which suggested that they had high frost resistance. A biotechnological approach to obtaining pure androgenous wheatgrass lines via anther culture and an efficient method for rapid analysis of frost resistance in winter wheat, wheatgrass and other crops were developed. The said approach gave rise to androgenous lines with various wheat cultivars, and subsequent backcrossing yielded a diversity of wheat-wheatgrass hybrids. This material is currently being used for creation of frost-resistant varieties of winter wheat and for increasing wheat biodiversity. The described technology shortens the time for production of frost resistant wheat-wheatgrass hybrids to 2–3 years. In addition, experiments on frost resistance transfer from wheatgrass to wheat by means of the leaf nurse method were conducted. When ripe, a few frost-resistant lines of winter wheat obtained displayed elevated productivity and altered morphology of ears, which had long awns, inherited in the progeny. This material is now being studied and propagated