161 research outputs found
IDEOLOGICAL ACTIVITY OF THE INDIVIDUAL: A REFLECTION AND STUDY
Π Π΄Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΠ΅ Π°Π²ΡΠΎΡΠ°ΠΌΠΈ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΏΡΠΈΠ½ΡΡΠ° ΠΏΠΎΠΏΡΡΠΊΠ° ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΠΎΡΠΌΡΡΠ»ΠΈΡΡ ΠΏΠΎΠ½ΡΡΠΈΠ΅ Β«ΠΌΠΈΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ·Π·ΡΠ΅Π½ΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠ°Ρ Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΡΡΡΒ». ΠΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΡΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΠ½ΡΡΠΈΡ ΠΏΠΎΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ»ΡΠ΅Ρ ΠΎΠ±ΡΡΡΠ½ΠΈΡΡ ΠΈΠ½Π΄ΠΈΠ²ΠΈΠ΄ΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎ ΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΠ±Ρ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅Ρ
ΠΎΠ΄Π° ΠΎΡ Π½Π΅ΠΏΠΎΠ»Π½ΠΎΡΡ, ΠΏΡΠΎΠΈΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ»ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΈ ΡΡΠ»ΠΎΠ²Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ Π·Π½Π°Π½ΠΈΠΉ ΡΠ΅Π»ΠΎΠ²Π΅ΠΊΠ° ΠΎ ΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅ ΠΊ Π½Π΅ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠΈΠ²ΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ²ΠΎΠΉ ΠΈ Π²Π½ΡΡΡΠ΅Π½Π½Π΅ ΡΠ²ΡΠ·Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΊΠ°ΡΡΠΈΠ½Π΅ ΠΌΠΈΡΠ° ΡΠ΅Π»ΠΎΠ²Π΅ΠΊΠ°, ΠΎΠΏΠΎΡΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΡΠ²ΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΉ ΠΈ ΠΎΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»ΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΉ ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠ΅Π»ΠΎΠ²Π΅ΠΊΠ° ΠΈ ΡΠ΅Π°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ. ΠΠ²ΡΠΎΡΠ°ΠΌΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½ΠΎ ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅, Π² ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΠΎΠΌ ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Π½ΠΎ, ΡΡΠΎ ΠΌΠΈΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ·Π·ΡΠ΅Π½ΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠ°Ρ Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ΅Ρ ΠΈΠΌΠ΅ΡΡ ΡΠ°Π·Π»ΠΈΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΡΠΎΡΠΌΡ ΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ²Π»ΡΡΡΡΡ Π² ΡΠ°Π·Π»ΠΈΡΠ½ΡΡ
Π²Π°ΡΠΈΠ°Π½ΡΠ°Ρ
Π² ΠΆΠΈΠ·Π½ΠΈ Π»ΠΈΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ.In this article, the authors attempt to rethink the concept of βideological activityβ. The study of this concept allows us to explain individually specific ways of transition from incompleteness, arbitrariness and conventionality of human knowledge about the world by a coherent and internally linked picture of the human world, mediating and defining the relationship of man and reality. The authors conducted a study that shows that philosophical activity can take many forms and manifest in different ways in the life of a person
The Importance of Creating Habilitation Programs for Children with Fetal Alcohol Syndrome and Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders
Aim of the study: to analyze the data of studies aimed at studying and substantiating the urgent need to create in Russia comprehensive habilitation programs for people with fetal alcohol syndrome, fetal alcohol spectrum disorders and other mental disorders.Methods. The results of Russian and foreign studies have been analyzed concerning the following problems: observation and diagnosis of people with fetal alcohol syndrome and fetal alcohol spectrum disorders; studying the experience of foreign countries in addressing issues of prevention and overcoming of fetal alcohol syndrome and fetal alcohol spectrum disorders; studying the experience of Russian specialists (obstetricians-gynecologists, neurologists, psychiatrists, psychologists, correctional teachers, etc.) working with the diagnosis of βAlcohol syndrome in the fetusβ; assessing the socio-economic impact of organizing programs for the prevention of fetal alcohol syndrome and fetal alcohol spectrum disorders by comparison with similar indicators in other countries.Results. The presented analysis of the data indicates that there is an urgent need for timely diagnosis of the disease, the search/creation of new drugs, for the treatment of the consequences of alcohol syndrome and the organization of training of specialists in this area. The article shows the importance of providing lifelong medical and social assistance to people with fetal alcohol spectrum disorders, as well as to their families. The effectiveness of the creation of a system of measures for the prevention of fetal alcohol syndrome and fetal alcohol spectrum disorders throughout the country has been confirmed.Conclusion. The development at the state level and implementation of prevention programs will significantly reduce the birth rate of children diagnosed with βAlcohol syndrome in the fetusβ and, thus, reduce the costs of the state and society on overcoming the consequences of FAS/FASD. At the same time, timely and well-organized habilitation of people with FAS/FASD will significantly improve the social situation in society as a whole, as well as reduce the psychological burden on every family faced with this problem
Assessment of Resistance in <i>Burkholderia pseudomallei</i> to Benzalkonium Chloride and Antibiotics
The aim of the study was to investigate the features of resistance formation in Burkholderia pseudomallei to quaternary ammonium compounds, as well as to analyze its influence on the development of antibiotic resistance.Materials and methods. 10 strains of melioidosis causative agent with typical cultural and morphological properties have been studied. The selection of variants resistant to benzalkonium chloride was carried out by successive passages on a dense nutrient medium with the addition of a disinfectant in increasing concentrations. The determination of sensitivity to benzalkonium chloride was performed through serial dilutions in agar, to antibacterial drugs from the groups of sulfonamides, Ξ²-lactams and tetracyclines β using disk diffusion method. Statistical processing of the obtained results was conducted with the help of the Microsoft Excel 2019 software. Arithmetic mean values and errors of mean values were calculated. The significance of differences between the parameters was determined applying Studentβs t-test.Results and discussion. All parental strains showed a similar degree of resistance to the disinfectant compound and most of the strains β susceptibility to the antibiotics tested. Cultivation of B. pseudomallei strains on a nutrient medium with the addition of benzalkonium chloride led to an increase in resistance to this disinfectant. In addition, an increase in the level of resistance to all studied antibiotics was found. Statistical processing of the data collected revealed a significant correlation between the change in sensitivity to benzalkonium chloride and the emergence of resistance to amoxicillin/ clavulanic acid and ceftazidime. It was found that the causative agent of melioidosis, with a natural high susceptibility to benzalkonium chloride, has a high potential for developing resistance to this disinfectant compound, which is of practical importance in the development of disinfection regimens using quarternary ammonium compounds. For the first time, a direct correlation between a decrease in the sensitivity to benzalkonium chloride in B. pseudomallei and emergence of resistance to amoxicillin/clavulonic acid and ceftazidime has been demonstrated
Prevalence and Severity of Breast Arterial Calcification on Routine Mammography
Aim. To determine the frequency of detection and severity of breast arterial calcification (BAC) among women undergoing mammography on the basis of medical institutions in Moscow.Material and methods. The analysis included 4274 digital mammograms of women aged 40-93 who underwent preventive or diagnostic mammography. Standard full-format digital mammograms were performed in craniocaudal and mediolateral oblique projections. In addition to the standard diagnosis of breast disease, all mammograms were evaluated for the presence of BAC. The severity of BAC was assessed on a 12-point scale: mild 3-4 points, moderate 5-6 points, severe 7-12 points.Results. The average frequency of BAC was 10.1%, in the middle age group 50-59 years β 6.0%. The incidence of BAC increased with age, from 0.4% to 0.6% in women <50 years of age to >50% in women β₯80 years of age. A statistically significant and pronounced correlation was found between the woman's age and the presence of BAC r Pearson =0.769 (p<0.001). There was also a less noticeable but statistically significant correlation between age and severity of BAC r Spearman =0.319 (p<0.001). Regression analysis made it possible to estimate the probability of CAD depending on age. In women <50 years of age, only mild to moderate calcification occurred, while those β₯65 years of age had a significant increase in the incidence of severe CAD.Conclusion. There was an expected increase with age in both prevalence and severity of BAC. Cases of severe BAC in women younger than 65 years of age and any BAC in women younger than 50 years of age are atypical and require clarification of their association with cardiovascular and other diseases
Personalizing the Way of Teaching LSP
Introduction. The problem of effective teaching language for special purposes (LSP) to the students of non-linguistic professions has been discussed for a long time and in full details by academicians both in Russia and foreign countries. As the result of multiple and thorough surveys general problems of the given situation have been revealed, the way out being defined as special training/retraining of LSP teachers. But in language education publications it is hardly possible to find the description of the program aiming at the training of the above mentioned teachers. The aim of the article is to present effective approaches to teaching LSP and offer the developed master program βMethods of teaching LSPβ as a means to solve the problems mentioned above.
Materials and Methods. The research methods used are a combination of analytical review of studies by Russian and foreign researchers and interpretation of the results obtained by interviewing university teachers specializing in teaching foreign languages to students completing BachelorΚΌs or MasterΚΌs degree programs. The survey was conducted to assess the level of readiness of professional educators to design the structure and content of programs for teaching LSP, and actually conduct classes within the specified language-teaching area, 81 teachers being responders.
Results. As a result of the undertaken review of theoretical works and analysis of the conducted survey a master program βMethods of teaching LSPβ was designed for training graduates who will then teach English or Russian as a foreign language at industry-specific higher schools. The developed program focuses on instructing future LSP educators to work out a personalized educational route adjusted to the level of foreign language skills of a student and their prospective professional activities.
Discussion and Conclusion. The master program developed by the authors as well as the content of the subjects suggested as its integral part are expected to become a productive way of training LSP educators who are supposed to acquire a number of special skills and competences described in the article. Distant learning and e-learning technologies are also engaged in the program to facilitate learnersβ more efficient independent activities. The master program is seen as one of the means of modernizing LSP teachersβ professional training which meets the long-term needs of the Russian education system
Peculiarities of Burkholderia mallei and Burkholderia pseudomallei Identification Using Microbiological Analyzer Vitek 2 Compact 30
Automated Vitek 2 system, based on comparison of a biochemical profile of the studied bacterial cultures with the existingΒ database, is widely used for B. pseudomallei and B. mallei identification in the laboratory practice.Objective of the study is to conductΒ extended phenotypic characterization of the strains of glanders and melioidosis causative agents, stored in the biobank of theΒ Volgograd Research Anti-Plague Institute and analyze variations in their biochemical profiles, using Vitek 2 system.Materials andΒ methods. Using Vitek 2 device, (bioMerieux, France) analyzed have been biochemical properties of 52 collection strains of B. pseudomalleiΒ and B. mallei grown on L-agar (Difco, USA) and trypticase-soy agar β TSA (HiMedia, India).Results and discussion. MostΒ of the investigated strains (31 out of 40 B. pseudomallei and 8 of 12 B. mallei) have been identified with an acceptable probabilityΒ for determining certain specie appurtenance, amounting to 90β99 %. The percentage of correct identification of B. pseudomallei andΒ B. mallei is higher when strains are cultured on L-agar, than when on TSA. Due to the variability of the biochemical features, someΒ strains have showed non-typical for its species results in certain tests (for B. pseudomallei strains β the absence of enzyme activity ofΒ Ξ²-N-acetyl-glucosaminidase, Ξ²-N-acetyl-galactosaminidase and ability to utilize D-cellobiose; for B. mallei strains β the absence ofΒ enzyme activity of L-proline-aryl-amidase and tyrosin-aryl-amidase, existence of glycin-aryl-amidase activity and ability to utilizeΒ sucrose, D-trehalose), which has led to their mal-identification. The probability of error diagnostics of microorganisms belonging toΒ Burkholderia species necessitates up-dating of the database built into Vitek 2 analyzer as regards biochemical characteristics of theΒ strains which have peculiar profiles
Contribution N.V. Sklifosovsky and S.I. Spasokukotsky in development of approaches to treatment of echinococcosis
In this article, timed to coincide with anniversaries: 185 years since the birth of Sklifosovsky N.V. and 95 years since Academician Spasokukotsky S.I. of the first closed echinococtomy β the contribution of domestic doctors to the development of approaches to the treatment of echinococcosis, the relevance of their methods in pre-revolutionary Russia and today is considered. The problem of surgical treatment of echinococcosis is revealedΠ ΡΡΠΎΠΉ ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΠ΅, ΠΏΡΠΈΡΡΠΎΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΊ ΡΠ±ΠΈΠ»Π΅ΠΉΠ½ΡΠΌ Π΄Π°ΡΠ°ΠΌ, β 185 Π»Π΅Ρ Ρ ΠΌΠΎΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠ° ΡΠΎΠΆΠ΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π‘ΠΊΠ»ΠΈΡΠΎΡΠΎΠ²ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π.Π. ΠΈ 95 Π»Π΅Ρ Ρ ΠΌΠΎΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠ° ΠΏΡΠΎΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π°ΠΊΠ°Π΄Π΅ΠΌΠΈΠΊΠΎΠΌ Π‘ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΎΠΊΡΠΊΠΎΡΠΊΠΈΠΌ Π‘.Π. ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ²ΠΎΠΉ Π·Π°ΠΊΡΡΡΠΎΠΉ ΡΡ
ΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠΊΠΎΠΊΠΊΡΠΎΠΌΠΈΠΈ β ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΌΠ°ΡΡΠΈΠ²Π°Π΅ΡΡΡ Π²ΠΊΠ»Π°Π΄ ΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΡΡ
Π²ΡΠ°ΡΠ΅ΠΉ Π² ΡΠ°Π·Π²ΠΈΡΠΈΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Ρ
ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ² ΠΊ Π»Π΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΡ
ΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠΊΠΎΠΊΠΊΠΎΠ·Π°, Π°ΠΊΡΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΈΡ
ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ² Π² Π΄ΠΎΡΠ΅Π²ΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΠΎΠΉ Π ΠΎΡΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΈ ΠΏΠΎ Π½ΡΠ½Π΅. Π Π°ΡΠΊΡΡΠ²Π°Π΅ΡΡΡ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ±Π»Π΅ΠΌΠ°ΡΠΈΠΊΠ° Ρ
ΠΈΡΡΡΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π»Π΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΡ
ΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠΊΠΎΠΊΠΊΠΎΠ·
Clinical and epidemiological characteristics of cancers associated with human papillomavirus in the regions of North-West Russia
Introduction. The leading role of the human papillomavirus in the etiopathogenesis of malignant neoplasms of some localizations is generally recognized. Vaccines that are used in the world and in Russia for the prevention of papillomavirus infection create the basis for the elimination of diseases associated with the human papillomavirus in the future.
The aim of the study is to determine the regional, gender and age-specific features of cancers associated with the human papillomavirus to substantiate the development of a unified system of epidemiological surveillance and vaccination.
Materials and methods. The retrospective epidemiological analysis of the incidence of cancers associated with the human papillomavirus and mortality due to these neoplasms in the regions of the North-Western Federal District of Russia in 20112020 was carried out based on data from Statistic Form 7 "Information on malignant neoplasms" and the Population cancer Registers of St. Petersburg (13,117 cases), Leningrad region (3204 cases) and the Kaliningrad region (2898 cases).
Results. In the structure of cancers associated with the human papillomavirus in St. Petersburg, Leningrad and Kaliningrad regions, more than 90% of men had tumors of the oral cavity, oropharynx and larynx, more than 60% of women had cervical cancer. Regional and age-specific features of the incidence of cervical cancer and mortality from this pathology have been established. Statistically significant differences in the incidence of cancer of the head and neck, anus and anal canal in different age groups of the male and female population were revealed.
Conclusion. As a result of the study, regional, gender and age-specific features of the incidence of human papillomavirus-associated malignant neoplasms in the North-West of Russia were established. These data should be used to develop a system of epidemiological surveillance of papillomavirus infection and vaccination program
ΠΠΠΠΠ’ΠΠΠΠΠ‘Π’Π¬ ΠΠΠΠ₯ΠΠΠΠ§ΠΠ‘ΠΠΠΠ Π‘ΠΠ‘Π’ΠΠΠ ΠΠΠ ΠΠΠΠ Π‘Π’ΠΠΠΠΠΠ ΠΠΠΠΠ€ΠΠΠΠ ΠΠΠΠΠ‘Π‘ΠΠ Π Π€ΠΠΠ« ΠΠΠ― ΠΠ¦ΠΠΠΠ ΠΠ Π ΠΠΠ‘ΠΠΠΠ‘ΠΠΠ ΠΠΠΠΠ‘Π’Π
Intervarietal and ecological variability of biochemical parameters of six varieties and hybrids of Daucus carota L. of VNIISSOKβs breeding was studied. These data can be used for breeding of carrot for consistent high quality of product.The sources of high potential of such traits as the βtotal carotenoid contentβ (Moscowskay Zimnya A-515, Nantskya 4, Minor), the βtotal sugarsβ (Marlinka, Mars F1), the βcontent monosaccharidesβ (Gribovchanin F1) were identified. The sources of stability of biochemical parameters were identified. They are cv. Nantskya 4 and Minor (for the trait of the βtotal carotenoidsβ), cv. Marlinka and Moscowskay Zimnya A-515 (for the trait of the βtotal sugars), and hybrid Gribovchanin F1 (for the trait of the βtotal monosaccharidesβ). The environment of Moscow and Bryansk regions was used as a background for selection for adaptability of such traits as βtotal sugar contentβ, βtotal carotenoidsβ, and βnitrate contentβ. Along with the ecologo-geographic method, the step-type sowing method can be used. The most informative factor for evaluation of traits adaptability is a quality crop production developed at the first sowing time (6th May, 1st May, 5th May) and the second sowing time (16th May, 10th May, 15th May). Demonstration of stability of main biochemical parameters of carrot varieties and hybrids was determined. The possibility of screening of adaptable genotypes for traits of product quality, which depend on sowing time, was shown.ΠΡΠΈ ΡΠΊΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ-Π³Π΅ΠΎΠ³ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΌ ΠΈΡΠΏΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΈΠΈ ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΈ ΡΠΎΡΡΠΎΠ² ΠΈ Π³ΠΈΠ±ΡΠΈΠ΄ΠΎΠ² ΠΌΠΎΡΠΊΠΎΠ²ΠΈ ΡΡΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΉ (Daucus carota L.) ΠΈΠ· Π³Π΅Π½ΠΎΡΠΎΠ½Π΄Π° ΠΠΠΠΠ‘Π‘ΠΠ ΠΎΡΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½Π° ΠΌΠ΅ΠΆΡΠΎΡΡΠΎΠ²Π°Ρ ΠΈ ΡΠΊΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠ°Ρ ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠΈΠ²ΠΎΡΡΡ Π±ΠΈΠΎΡ
ΠΈΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°ΡΠ΅Π»Π΅ΠΉ ΠΊΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π° ΠΏΡΠΎΠ΄ΡΠΊΡΠΈΠΈ. ΠΡΠΎ ΡΠ²Π»ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ Π΄Π»Ρ Π²ΡΡΠ²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΡ
ΡΠΎΡΠΌ ΠΏΡΠΈ ΡΠ΅Π»Π΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΌΠΎΡΠΊΠΎΠ²ΠΈ ΡΡΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΉ Π½Π° ΡΡΠ°Π±ΠΈΠ»ΡΠ½ΠΎ Π²ΡΡΠΎΠΊΠΎΠ΅ ΠΊΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²ΠΎ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ΄ΡΠΊΡΠΈΠΈ. ΠΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½Ρ ΠΈΡΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΈΠΊΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠ²ΡΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΡΠΈΠ°Π»Π° ΠΏΡΠΈΠ·Π½Π°ΠΊΠΎΠ²: Β«ΡΠΎΠ΄Π΅ΡΠΆΠ°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΡΠΌΠΌΡ ΠΊΠ°ΡΠΎΡΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠΈΠ΄ΠΎΠ²Β» (ΠΠΎΡΠΊΠΎΠ²ΡΠΊΠ°Ρ ΠΠΈΠΌΠ½ΡΡ Π-515, ΠΠ°Π½ΡΡΠΊΠ°Ρ 4, ΠΠΈΠ½ΠΎΡ), Β«ΡΠΎΠ΄Π΅ΡΠΆΠ°Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΡΠΌΠΌΡ ΡΠ°Ρ
Π°ΡΠΎΠ²Β» (ΠΠ°ΡΠ»ΠΈΠ½ΠΊΠ°, ΠΠ°ΡΡ F1), Β«ΡΠΎΠ΄Π΅ΡΠΆΠ°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΌΠΎΠ½ΠΎΡΠ°Ρ
Π°ΡΠΎΠ²Β» - ΠΡΠΈΠ±ΠΎΠ²ΡΠ°Π½ΠΈΠ½ F1. ΠΡΡΠ²Π»Π΅Π½Ρ ΠΈΡΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΈΠΊΠΈ ΡΡΠ°Π±ΠΈΠ»ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ Π±ΠΈΠΎΡ
ΠΈΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°ΡΠ΅Π»Π΅ΠΉ: ΠΠ°Π½ΡΡΠΊΠ°Ρ 4 ΠΈ ΠΠΈΠ½ΠΎΡ ΠΏΠΎ Β«ΡΡΠΌΠΌΠ΅ ΠΊΠ°ΡΠΎΡΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠΈΠ΄ΠΎΠ²Β», ΠΠ°ΡΠ»ΠΈΠ½ΠΊΠ° ΠΈ ΠΠΎΡΠΊΠΎΠ²ΡΠΊΠ°Ρ ΠΠΈΠΌΠ½ΡΡ Π- 515 ΠΏΠΎ Β«ΡΡΠΌΠΌΠ΅ ΡΠ°Ρ
Π°ΡΠΎΠ²Β», ΠΠ°ΡΡ F1 ΠΈ ΠΡΠΈΠ±ΠΎΠ²ΡΠ°Π½ΠΈΠ½ F1 ΠΏΠΎ ΡΡΠ°Π±ΠΈΠ»ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ Β«ΡΠΎΠ΄Π΅ΡΠΆΠ°Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΌΠΎΠ½ΠΎΡΠ°Ρ
Π°ΡΠΎΠ²Β». ΠΡΠΈ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΠΊΠ΅ ΡΡΠ΅Π΄Ρ ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Π½Π° ΠΏΡΠΈΠ³ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎΡΡΡ ΡΡΠ΅Π΄Ρ ΠΠΎΡΠΊΠΎΠ²ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΠΈ ΠΡΡΠ½ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΠΎΠ±Π»Π°ΡΡΠ΅ΠΉ Π΄Π»Ρ ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠ² ΠΏΡΠΈ ΠΎΡΠ±ΠΎΡΠ΅ Π½Π° Π°Π΄Π°ΠΏΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ·Π½Π°ΠΊΠΎΠ²: Β«ΡΠΎΠ΄Π΅ΡΠΆΠ°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΡΠΌΠΌΡ ΡΠ°Ρ
Π°ΡΠΎΠ²Β», Β«ΠΌΠΎΠ½ΠΎΡΠ°Ρ
Π°ΡΠΎΠ²Β», Β«ΡΡΠΌΠΌΡ ΠΊΠ°ΡΠΎΡΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠΈΠ΄ΠΎΠ²Β», Β«Π½ΠΈΡΡΠ°ΡΠΎΠ²Β». ΠΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ ΡΡΡΠΏΠ΅Π½ΡΠ°ΡΡΡ
ΠΏΠΎΡΠ΅Π²ΠΎΠ² ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ΅Ρ Π±ΡΡΡ ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ Π½Π°ΡΡΠ΄Ρ Ρ ΡΠΊΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ-Π³Π΅ΠΎΠ³ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠΌ. ΠΠ°ΠΈΠ±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π΅ ΠΈΠ½ΡΠΎΡΠΌΠ°ΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΡΠΌ Π΄Π»Ρ ΠΎΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π°Π΄Π°ΠΏΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ·Π½Π°ΠΊΠΎΠ² ΡΠ²Π»ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ ΠΊΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²ΠΎ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ΄ΡΠΊΡΠΈΠΈ ΡΡΠ΅Π΄Ρ, ΡΠΎΡΠΌΠΈΡΡΡΡΠ΅Π΅ΡΡ ΠΏΡΠΈ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ²ΠΎΠΌ (6 ΠΌΠ°Ρ, 1 ΠΌΠ°Ρ, 5 ΠΌΠ°Ρ) ΠΈ Π²ΡΠΎΡΠΎΠΌ (16 ΠΌΠ°Ρ, 10 ΠΌΠ°Ρ, 15 ΠΌΠ°Ρ) ΡΡΠΎΠΊΠ°Ρ
ΠΏΠΎΡΠ΅Π²Π°. Π£ΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΎ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΡΠ°Π±ΠΈΠ»ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π½ΡΡ
ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°ΡΠ΅Π»Π΅ΠΉ Π±ΠΈΠΎΡ
ΠΈΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠΎΡΡΠ°Π²Π° ΡΠΎΡΡΠΎΠ² ΠΈ Π³ΠΈΠ±ΡΠΈΠ΄ΠΎΠ² ΠΌΠΎΡΠΊΠΎΠ²ΠΈ ΡΡΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΉ. ΠΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Π½Π° Π²ΠΎΠ·ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡ ΡΠΊΡΠΈΠ½ΠΈΠ½Π³Π° Π°Π΄Π°ΠΏΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΡΡ
Π³Π΅Π½ΠΎΡΠΈΠΏΠΎΠ² ΠΏΠΎ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ·Π½Π°ΠΊΠ°ΠΌ ΠΊΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π° ΠΏΡΠΎΠ΄ΡΠΊΡΠΈΠΈ, Π½Π° ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΠ΅ Π²Π»ΠΈΡΡΡ ΡΠ°Π·Π»ΠΈΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΡΡΠΎΠΊΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ΅Π²Π°
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