IDEOLOGICAL ACTIVITY OF THE INDIVIDUAL: A REFLECTION AND STUDY

В данной статье авторами предпринята попытка переосмыслить понятие «мировоззренческая активность». Исследование этого понятия позволяет объяснить индивидуально специфические способы перехода от неполноты, произвольности и условности знаний человека о мире к непротиворечивой и внутренне связанной картине мира человека, опосредствующей и определяющей отношения человека и реальности. Авторами проведено исследование, в котором показано, что мировоззренческая активность может иметь различные формы и проявляться в различных вариантах в жизни личности.In this article, the authors attempt to rethink the concept of “ideological activity”. The study of this concept allows us to explain individually specific ways of transition from incompleteness, arbitrariness and conventionality of human knowledge about the world by a coherent and internally linked picture of the human world, mediating and defining the relationship of man and reality. The authors conducted a study that shows that philosophical activity can take many forms and manifest in different ways in the life of a person

The Importance of Creating Habilitation Programs for Children with Fetal Alcohol Syndrome and Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders

Aim of the study: to analyze the data of studies aimed at studying and substantiating the urgent need to create in Russia comprehensive habilitation programs for people with fetal alcohol syndrome, fetal alcohol spectrum disorders and other mental disorders.Methods. The results of Russian and foreign studies have been analyzed concerning the following problems: observation and diagnosis of people with fetal alcohol syndrome and fetal alcohol spectrum disorders; studying the experience of foreign countries in addressing issues of prevention and overcoming of fetal alcohol syndrome and fetal alcohol spectrum disorders; studying the experience of Russian specialists (obstetricians-gynecologists, neurologists, psychiatrists, psychologists, correctional teachers, etc.) working with the diagnosis of “Alcohol syndrome in the fetus”; assessing the socio-economic impact of organizing programs for the prevention of fetal alcohol syndrome and fetal alcohol spectrum disorders by comparison with similar indicators in other countries.Results. The presented analysis of the data indicates that there is an urgent need for timely diagnosis of the disease, the search/creation of new drugs, for the treatment of the consequences of alcohol syndrome and the organization of training of specialists in this area. The article shows the importance of providing lifelong medical and social assistance to people with fetal alcohol spectrum disorders, as well as to their families. The effectiveness of the creation of a system of measures for the prevention of fetal alcohol syndrome and fetal alcohol spectrum disorders throughout the country has been confirmed.Conclusion. The development at the state level and implementation of prevention programs will significantly reduce the birth rate of children diagnosed with “Alcohol syndrome in the fetus” and, thus, reduce the costs of the state and society on overcoming the consequences of FAS/FASD. At the same time, timely and well-organized habilitation of people with FAS/FASD will significantly improve the social situation in society as a whole, as well as reduce the psychological burden on every family faced with this problem

Assessment of Resistance in <i>Burkholderia pseudomallei</i> to Benzalkonium Chloride and Antibiotics

The aim of the study was to investigate the features of resistance formation in Burkholderia pseudomallei to quaternary ammonium compounds, as well as to analyze its influence on the development of antibiotic resistance.Materials and methods. 10 strains of melioidosis causative agent with typical cultural and morphological properties have been studied. The selection of variants resistant to benzalkonium chloride was carried out by successive passages on a dense nutrient medium with the addition of a disinfectant in increasing concentrations. The determination of sensitivity to benzalkonium chloride was performed through serial dilutions in agar, to antibacterial drugs from the groups of sulfonamides, β-lactams and tetracyclines – using disk diffusion method. Statistical processing of the obtained results was conducted with the help of the Microsoft Excel 2019 software. Arithmetic mean values and errors of mean values were calculated. The significance of differences between the parameters was determined applying Student’s t-test.Results and discussion. All parental strains showed a similar degree of resistance to the disinfectant compound and most of the strains – susceptibility to the antibiotics tested. Cultivation of B. pseudomallei strains on a nutrient medium with the addition of benzalkonium chloride led to an increase in resistance to this disinfectant. In addition, an increase in the level of resistance to all studied antibiotics was found. Statistical processing of the data collected revealed a significant correlation between the change in sensitivity to benzalkonium chloride and the emergence of resistance to amoxicillin/ clavulanic acid and ceftazidime. It was found that the causative agent of melioidosis, with a natural high susceptibility to benzalkonium chloride, has a high potential for developing resistance to this disinfectant compound, which is of practical importance in the development of disinfection regimens using quarternary ammonium compounds. For the first time, a direct correlation between a decrease in the sensitivity to benzalkonium chloride in B. pseudomallei and emergence of resistance to amoxicillin/clavulonic acid and ceftazidime has been demonstrated

Prevalence and Severity of Breast Arterial Calcification on Routine Mammography

Aim. To determine the frequency of detection and severity of breast arterial calcification (BAC) among women undergoing mammography on the basis of medical institutions in Moscow.Material and methods. The analysis included 4274 digital mammograms of women aged 40-93 who underwent preventive or diagnostic mammography. Standard full-format digital mammograms were performed in craniocaudal and mediolateral oblique projections. In addition to the standard diagnosis of breast disease, all mammograms were evaluated for the presence of BAC. The severity of BAC was assessed on a 12-point scale: mild 3-4 points, moderate 5-6 points, severe 7-12 points.Results. The average frequency of BAC was 10.1%, in the middle age group 50-59 years – 6.0%. The incidence of BAC increased with age, from 0.4% to 0.6% in women &lt;50 years of age to &gt;50% in women ≥80 years of age. A statistically significant and pronounced correlation was found between the woman's age and the presence of BAC r Pearson =0.769 (p&lt;0.001). There was also a less noticeable but statistically significant correlation between age and severity of BAC r Spearman =0.319 (p&lt;0.001). Regression analysis made it possible to estimate the probability of CAD depending on age. In women &lt;50 years of age, only mild to moderate calcification occurred, while those ≥65 years of age had a significant increase in the incidence of severe CAD.Conclusion. There was an expected increase with age in both prevalence and severity of BAC. Cases of severe BAC in women younger than 65 years of age and any BAC in women younger than 50 years of age are atypical and require clarification of their association with cardiovascular and other diseases

Personalizing the Way of Teaching LSP

Introduction. The problem of effective teaching language for special purposes (LSP) to the students of non-linguistic professions has been discussed for a long time and in full details by academicians both in Russia and foreign countries. As the result of multiple and thorough surveys general problems of the given situation have been revealed, the way out being defined as special training/retraining of LSP teachers. But in language education publications it is hardly possible to find the description of the program aiming at the training of the above mentioned teachers. The aim of the article is to present effective approaches to teaching LSP and offer the developed master program “Methods of teaching LSP” as a means to solve the problems mentioned above. Materials and Methods. The research methods used are a combination of analytical review of studies by Russian and foreign researchers and interpretation of the results obtained by interviewing university teachers specializing in teaching foreign languages to students completing Bachelorʼs or Masterʼs degree programs. The survey was conducted to assess the level of readiness of professional educators to design the structure and content of programs for teaching LSP, and actually conduct classes within the specified language-teaching area, 81 teachers being responders. Results. As a result of the undertaken review of theoretical works and analysis of the conducted survey a master program “Methods of teaching LSP” was designed for training graduates who will then teach English or Russian as a foreign language at industry-specific higher schools. The developed program focuses on instructing future LSP educators to work out a personalized educational route adjusted to the level of foreign language skills of a student and their prospective professional activities. Discussion and Conclusion. The master program developed by the authors as well as the content of the subjects suggested as its integral part are expected to become a productive way of training LSP educators who are supposed to acquire a number of special skills and competences described in the article. Distant learning and e-learning technologies are also engaged in the program to facilitate learners’ more efficient independent activities. The master program is seen as one of the means of modernizing LSP teachers’ professional training which meets the long-term needs of the Russian education system

Peculiarities of Burkholderia mallei and Burkholderia pseudomallei Identification Using Microbiological Analyzer Vitek 2 Compact 30

Automated Vitek 2 system, based on comparison of a biochemical profile of the studied bacterial cultures with the existing database, is widely used for B. pseudomallei and B. mallei identification in the laboratory practice.Objective of the study is to conduct extended phenotypic characterization of the strains of glanders and melioidosis causative agents, stored in the biobank of the Volgograd Research Anti-Plague Institute and analyze variations in their biochemical profiles, using Vitek 2 system.Materials and methods. Using Vitek 2 device, (bioMerieux, France) analyzed have been biochemical properties of 52 collection strains of B. pseudomallei and B. mallei grown on L-agar (Difco, USA) and trypticase-soy agar – TSA (HiMedia, India).Results and discussion. Most of the investigated strains (31 out of 40 B. pseudomallei and 8 of 12 B. mallei) have been identified with an acceptable probability for determining certain specie appurtenance, amounting to 90–99 %. The percentage of correct identification of B. pseudomallei and B. mallei is higher when strains are cultured on L-agar, than when on TSA. Due to the variability of the biochemical features, some strains have showed non-typical for its species results in certain tests (for B. pseudomallei strains – the absence of enzyme activity of β-N-acetyl-glucosaminidase, β-N-acetyl-galactosaminidase and ability to utilize D-cellobiose; for B. mallei strains – the absence of enzyme activity of L-proline-aryl-amidase and tyrosin-aryl-amidase, existence of glycin-aryl-amidase activity and ability to utilize sucrose, D-trehalose), which has led to their mal-identification. The probability of error diagnostics of microorganisms belonging to Burkholderia species necessitates up-dating of the database built into Vitek 2 analyzer as regards biochemical characteristics of the strains which have peculiar profiles

Contribution N.V. Sklifosovsky and S.I. Spasokukotsky in development of approaches to treatment of echinococcosis

In this article, timed to coincide with anniversaries: 185 years since the birth of Sklifosovsky N.V. and 95 years since Academician Spasokukotsky S.I. of the first closed echinococtomy – the contribution of domestic doctors to the development of approaches to the treatment of echinococcosis, the relevance of their methods in pre-revolutionary Russia and today is considered. The problem of surgical treatment of echinococcosis is revealedВ этой статье, приуроченной к юбилейным датам, — 185 лет с момента рождения Склифосовского Н.В. и 95 лет с момента проведения академиком Спасокукоцким С.И. первой закрытой эхинококктомии — рассматривается вклад отечественных врачей в развитие подходов к лечению эхинококкоза, актуальность их методов в дореволюционной России и по ныне. Раскрывается проблематика хирургического лечения эхинококкоз

Clinical and epidemiological characteristics of cancers associated with human papillomavirus in the regions of North-West Russia

Introduction. The leading role of the human papillomavirus in the etiopathogenesis of malignant neoplasms of some localizations is generally recognized. Vaccines that are used in the world and in Russia for the prevention of papillomavirus infection create the basis for the elimination of diseases associated with the human papillomavirus in the future. The aim of the study is to determine the regional, gender and age-specific features of cancers associated with the human papillomavirus to substantiate the development of a unified system of epidemiological surveillance and vaccination. Materials and methods. The retrospective epidemiological analysis of the incidence of cancers associated with the human papillomavirus and mortality due to these neoplasms in the regions of the North-Western Federal District of Russia in 20112020 was carried out based on data from Statistic Form 7 "Information on malignant neoplasms" and the Population cancer Registers of St. Petersburg (13,117 cases), Leningrad region (3204 cases) and the Kaliningrad region (2898 cases). Results. In the structure of cancers associated with the human papillomavirus in St. Petersburg, Leningrad and Kaliningrad regions, more than 90% of men had tumors of the oral cavity, oropharynx and larynx, more than 60% of women had cervical cancer. Regional and age-specific features of the incidence of cervical cancer and mortality from this pathology have been established. Statistically significant differences in the incidence of cancer of the head and neck, anus and anal canal in different age groups of the male and female population were revealed. Conclusion. As a result of the study, regional, gender and age-specific features of the incidence of human papillomavirus-associated malignant neoplasms in the North-West of Russia were established. These data should be used to develop a system of epidemiological surveillance of papillomavirus infection and vaccination program

АДАПТИВНОСТЬ БИОХИМИЧЕСКОГО СОСТАВА МОРКОВИ СТОЛОВОЙ ГЕНОФОНДА ВНИИССОК И ФОНЫ ДЛЯ ОЦЕНКИ ЕЁ В МОСКОВСКОЙ ОБЛАСТИ

Intervarietal and ecological variability of biochemical parameters of six varieties and hybrids of Daucus carota L. of VNIISSOK’s breeding was studied. These data can be used for breeding of carrot for consistent high quality of product.The sources of high potential of such traits as the “total carotenoid content” (Moscowskay Zimnya A-515, Nantskya 4, Minor), the “total sugars” (Marlinka, Mars F1), the “content monosaccharides” (Gribovchanin F1) were identified. The sources of stability of biochemical parameters were identified. They are cv. Nantskya 4 and Minor (for the trait of the “total carotenoids”), cv. Marlinka and Moscowskay Zimnya A-515 (for the trait of the “total sugars), and hybrid Gribovchanin F1 (for the trait of the “total monosaccharides”). The environment of Moscow and Bryansk regions was used as a background for selection for adaptability of such traits as “total sugar content”, “total carotenoids”, and “nitrate content”. Along with the ecologo-geographic method, the step-type sowing method can be used. The most informative factor for evaluation of traits adaptability is a quality crop production developed at the first sowing time (6th May, 1st May, 5th May) and the second sowing time (16th May, 10th May, 15th May). Demonstration of stability of main biochemical parameters of carrot varieties and hybrids was determined. The possibility of screening of adaptable genotypes for traits of product quality, which depend on sowing time, was shown.При эколого-географическом испытании шести сортов и гибридов моркови столовой (Daucus carota L.) из генофонда ВНИИССОК отмечена межсортовая и экологическая изменчивость биохимических показателей качества продукции. Это является основанием для выявления ценных форм при селекции моркови столовой на стабильно высокое качество продукции. Определены источники повышенного потенциала признаков: «содержание суммы каротиноидов» (Московская Зимняя А-515, Нантская 4, Минор), «содержанию суммы сахаров» (Марлинка, Марс F1), «содержание моносахаров» - Грибовчанин F1. Выявлены источники стабильности биохимических показателей: Нантская 4 и Минор по «сумме каротиноидов», Марлинка и Московская Зимняя А- 515 по «сумме сахаров», Марс F1 и Грибовчанин F1 по стабильности «содержания моносахаров». При комплексной оценке среды показана пригодность среды Московской и Брянской областей для использования фонов при отборе на адаптивность признаков: «содержание суммы сахаров», «моносахаров», «суммы каротиноидов», «нитратов». Метод ступенчатых посевов может быть использован наряду с эколого-географическим. Наиболее информативным для определения адаптивности признаков является качество продукции среды, формирующееся при первом (6 мая, 1 мая, 5 мая) и втором (16 мая, 10 мая, 15 мая) сроках посева. Установлено проявление стабильности основных показателей биохимического состава сортов и гибридов моркови столовой. Показана возможность скрининга адаптивных генотипов по признакам качества продукции, на которые влияют различные сроки посева