Research of mechanical stress at tension of quartz optical fiber (QOF)

The article presents the results of a study of the process of occurrence of mechanical stress and strain during stretching of a quartz optical fiber. The analysis and review of the current state of development of fiber-optic conductors is performed. The problems of occurrence of microcracks in the body of optical fibers during mechanical loading during operation are considered. In the process of winding optical fibers and further operation, cracks occur. The conducted research allows us to solve an important production problem related to increasing the strength of optical fibers and reducing the number of microcracks. The object of scientific research is quartz optical fiber of the G652 standard, used for the production of fiber-optic cables. For optical fibers, the greatest danger is the stretching, which is observed when rewinding the fiber, during its cabling, during the laying and operation of the optical cable. It was found that the mechanical tensile strength of G652 optical fiber was from 4 482 to 4 808 MPa, and the number of cracks and their parameters affect the tensile strength of the fiber

Оценка состояния микробиома у лиц пожилого возраста с нарушениями углеводного и липидного обмена методом микробиом-ассоциированной экспосомики

A biochemical analysis of blood and a study of the chemical composition of the blood samples of 163 people 45–90 years old with type 2 diabetes mellitus and dyslipidemia was conducted. The concentrations of the following compounds in the blood were determined: fatty acids, aldehydes, and styrenes of microbial origin as well as the levels of glucose triglycerides, cholesterol, and lipids of low and high density. The chemical composition of blood was determined by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. The concentrations of fatty acids, aldehydes, and styrenes were used to calculate the total molar concentration of chemical compounds, the concentration of octadecene aldehyde (18a), the total concentration of hydroxy acids of derivatives of the hydroxyl residue of lipid A of bacterial endotoxin (3OH-FA), and the grouped total concentrations of chemical compounds of microbial origin, which determine the representation of the main four phylotypes of the human microbiome: Actinobacteria, Bacteroidetes, Proteobacteria, and Firmicutes.As a result of the study, data were obtained on an increase in the total concentration of chemical compounds, the concentration of octadecene aldehyde, and the concentration of 3OH-FA in violation of carbohydrate metabolism by the type of diabetes mellitus type 2. There was a decrease in the representation of Bacteroidetes in violation of carbohydrate metabolism and a decrease in the representation of Proteobacteria, Firmicutes in violation of carbohydrate and lipid metabolism, and an increase in the representation of Actinobacteria in violation of lipid metabolism, including those combined with a violation of carbohydrate metabolism.In patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and in the control group, there was an inverse correlation between the presence of Firmicutes and blood glucose levels. In the type 2 diabetes mellitus group, there was a direct correlation between the representation of Bacteroidetes and the level of triglycerides in the blood.In patients with lipid metabolism disorders, we did not reveal statistically significant changes in the concentrations of microbial markers in the blood of patients nor statistically significant correlations between the biochemical blood parameters and the representation of microbiome phylotypes.Проведены биохимический анализ крови и исследование химического состава образцов крови 163 пациентов в возрасте 45–90 лет с сахарным диабетом 2-го типа и дислипидемиями. В крови определяли концентрации жирных кислот, альдегидов, стиролов, имеющих микробное происхождение, а также уровни глюкозы, триглицеридов, холестерина, липидов низкой и высокой плотности. Химический состав крови определяли методом газовой хромато-масс-спектрометрии. По концентрациям жирных кислот, альдегидов, стиролов рассчитывали суммарную молярную концентрацию малых молекул микробного происхождения (Small molecules originating from microbes, SMOM), концентрацию октадеценового альдегида (18a), суммарную концентрацию гидроксикислот, производных гидроксильного остатка липида А, бактериального эндотоксина (3OH-FA) и сгруппированные суммарные концентрации химических соединений микробного происхождения, определяющих представительство основных четырех филотипов микробиома человека: Actinobacteria, Bacteroidetes, Proteobacteria, Firmicutes.В  результате исследования были получены данные об увеличении суммарной концентрации химических соединений, концентрации октадеценового альдегида и концентрации 3OH-FA у пациентов при нарушении углеводного обмена по типу сахарного диабета 2-го типа. Снижение представленности Bacteroidetes отмечали при нарушении углеводного обмена и снижение представленности Proteobacteria и Firmicutes – при нарушении углеводного и липидного обменов, а также увеличение представленности Actinobacteria – при нарушении липидного обмена, в том числе сочетанного с нарушением углеводного обмена. У пациентов с сахарным диабетом 2-го типа и в контрольной группе отмечена обратная корреляция между представленностью Firmicutes и уровнем глюкозы в крови. В группе пациентов с сахарным диабетом 2-го типа отмечена прямая корреляция представленности Bacteroidetes и уровня триглицеридов в крови.При нарушениях липидного обмена не выявлено ни статистически значимых изменений концентраций микробных маркеров в крови пациентов, ни статистически значимых корреляционных связей биохимических параметров крови и представленности филотипов микробиом

COVID-19 Pandemic and IBS. Results of the All-Russian Observational Non-interventional Program to Study the Effectiveness of the Drug Kolofort® in Real Clinical Practice in Patients with Irritable Bowel Syndrome After a New Coronavirus Infection (VESNA)

Aim: to study the effectiveness and safety of using the drug Kolofort® in outpatients with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) after a new coronavirus infection.Materials and methods. An observational non-interventional program was conducted in patients with exacerbation of IBS symptoms after a new coronavirus infection. One hundred forty-one patients took part in the study. The final efficacy analysis included data from 127 study participants. All patients complained of increased/appearing gastrointestinal symptoms that appeared within 1–6 months after the infection (all patients had a history of COVID-19 infection). To assess the presence and severity of symptoms of the disease, the “7 × 7” questionnaire was used before the start of treatment and three months after the start of treatment.Results. At the stage of inclusion in the program, the average total score on the “7 × 7” questionnaire was 17.36, which corresponded to a moderately severe disorder. During the treatment period, the average total score decreased to 6.14, which corresponded to borderline disorder. In addition, significant improvement was observed for each symptom separately. After three months of therapy, doctors rated the overall impression of the treatment on a 5-point Likert scale from “very effective” to “ineffective”. The average score was 4.24. In addition, no serious adverse events were identified while taking the drug.Conclusion. In real clinical practice, the drug Kolofort® demonstrated high clinical efficacy in the treatment of patients with IBS after COVID-19 infection