5 research outputs found
ΠΠΎΠΌΠΏΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΠ½Π°Ρ ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΠΊΠ° ΡΠ»ΠΎΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΡΡ ΡΠ΅Π°Π³Π΅Π½ΡΠΎΠ² ΠΏΠΎ ΠΈΡ Π²Π»ΠΈΡΠ½ΠΈΡ Π½Π° ΠΏΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΠΈ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ°Π»Π»ΠΎΠ² ΠΈ ΡΠ΅Π»Π΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΡΡΡ ΡΠ»ΠΎΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ
The paper proposes a method for quick estimation of the average floatability of minerals according to the kinetic experiment, without finding the flotation spectrum where first moments of distribution are calculated by the coefficients of the polynomial approximation of the kinetic curve in the logarithmic form. An example of copper-nickel ore demonstrated that this method is effective in the multiparameter problem of comparative assessment of reagents. The ten parameters assessed included the average floatability of target minerals (chalcopyrite and pentlandite), pyrrhotite and rock; flotation selectivity coefficients of target minerals relative to pyrrhotite and rock; levels of copper and nickel losses with bulk flotation tailings. Interdependencies of parameters were visualized using diagrams showing the effect of flotation reagents on the groups of parameters: average floatability, selectivity coefficients, metal losses and selectivity relative to rock. The influence of butyl xanthate, aerofloat, diesel fuel, as well as gangue depressants β carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) and acidified water glass (with a total consumption of collectors, diesel fuel, acidified water glass and CMC of 130 g/t, 5β10 g/t, 200 g/t, and 500 g/t, respectively) on the estimated parameters under collective flotation conditions was determined. It was found that the addition of aerofloat and diesel fuel to the main reagent collector β xanthate β increases the flotation selectivity of pentlandite and chalcopyrite relative to pyrrhotite and rock-forming component. The introduction of acidified water glass into the reagent scheme increases the flotation selectivity of nickel and copper sulfides relative to the rock. CMC additives impair the selectivity of copper flotation. The quantitative effects of each individual parameter were taken into account in the integral rating assessment of the prospects of using reagent combinations for copper-nickel ore by a set of ten parameters. The method proposed can be further used for the mass comparative evaluation of flotation reagents.ΠΡΠ΅Π΄Π»ΠΎΠΆΠ΅Π½ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ Π±ΡΡΡΡΠΎΠΉ ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΠΊΠΈ ΡΡΠ΅Π΄Π½Π΅ΠΉ ΡΠ»ΠΎΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΌΠΈΠ½Π΅ΡΠ°Π»ΠΎΠ² ΠΏΠΎ Π΄Π°Π½Π½ΡΠΌ ΠΊΠΈΠ½Π΅ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΎΠΏΡΡΠ°, Π±Π΅Π· Π½Π°Ρ
ΠΎΠΆΠ΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠΏΠ΅ΠΊΡΡΠ° ΡΠ»ΠΎΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΠΎΡΡΠΈ, ΠΏΡΠΈ ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΠΎΠΌ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ²ΡΠ΅ ΠΌΠΎΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΡ ΡΠ°ΡΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π²ΡΡΠΈΡΠ»ΡΡΡΡΡ ΠΏΠΎ ΠΊΠΎΡΡΡΠΈΡΠΈΠ΅Π½ΡΠ°ΠΌ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠΌΠΈΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ Π°ΠΏΠΏΡΠΎΠΊΡΠΈΠΌΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ Π»ΠΎΠ³Π°ΡΠΈΡΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΡΠΎΡΠΌΡ ΠΊΠΈΠ½Π΅ΡΠΈΠΊΠΈ. ΠΠ° ΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ΅ ΠΌΠ΅Π΄Π½ΠΎ-Π½ΠΈΠΊΠ΅Π»Π΅Π²ΠΎΠΉ ΡΡΠ΄Ρ ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Π½ΠΎ, ΡΡΠΎ ΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΡΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄Π° ΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎ Π² ΠΌΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎΠΏΠ°ΡΠ°ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ Π·Π°Π΄Π°ΡΠ΅ ΡΡΠ°Π²Π½ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΠΊΠΈ ΡΠ΅Π°Π³Π΅Π½ΡΠΎΠ². ΠΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ²Π°Π΅ΠΌΡΠ΅ ΠΏΠ°ΡΠ°ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΡ (ΠΈΡ
10) Π²ΠΊΠ»ΡΡΠ°Π»ΠΈ ΡΡΠ΅Π΄Π½ΡΡ ΡΠ»ΠΎΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΠΎΡΡΡ ΡΠ΅Π»Π΅Π²ΡΡ
ΠΌΠΈΠ½Π΅ΡΠ°Π»ΠΎΠ² (Ρ
Π°Π»ΡΠΊΠΎΠΏΠΈΡΠΈΡΠ° ΠΈ ΠΏΠ΅Π½ΡΠ»Π°Π½Π΄ΠΈΡΠ°), ΠΏΠΈΡΡΠΎΡΠΈΠ½Π° ΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΠ΄Ρ; ΠΊΠΎΡΡΡΠΈΡΠΈΠ΅Π½ΡΡ ΡΠ΅Π»Π΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΡΠ»ΠΎΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΡΠ΅Π»Π΅Π²ΡΡ
ΠΌΠΈΠ½Π΅ΡΠ°Π»ΠΎΠ² ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΡΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎ ΠΏΠΈΡΡΠΎΡΠΈΠ½Π° ΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΠ΄Ρ; ΡΡΠΎΠ²Π½ΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΡ ΠΌΠ΅Π΄ΠΈ ΠΈ Π½ΠΈΠΊΠ΅Π»Ρ Ρ Ρ
Π²ΠΎΡΡΠ°ΠΌΠΈ ΠΊΠΎΠ»Π»Π΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ»ΠΎΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ. ΠΠ°Π³Π»ΡΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΡΠ°Π²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π²Π·Π°ΠΈΠΌΠΎΠ·Π°Π²ΠΈΡΠΈΠΌΠΎΡΡΠ΅ΠΉ ΠΏΠ°ΡΠ°ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠΎΠ² Π΄ΠΎΡΡΠΈΠ³Π°Π΅ΡΡΡ ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ Π΄ΠΈΠ°Π³ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΌ, ΠΎΡΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°ΠΆΠ°ΡΡΠΈΡ
Π²Π»ΠΈΡΠ½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠ»ΠΎΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΡΡ
ΡΠ΅Π°Π³Π΅Π½ΡΠΎΠ² Π½Π° Π³ΡΡΠΏΠΏΡ ΠΏΠ°ΡΠ°ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠΎΠ²: ΡΡΠ΅Π΄Π½ΡΡ ΡΠ»ΠΎΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΠΎΡΡΡ, ΠΊΠΎΡΡΡΠΈΡΠΈΠ΅Π½ΡΡ ΡΠ΅Π»Π΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ, ΠΏΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΠΈ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ°Π»Π»ΠΎΠ² ΠΈ ΡΠ΅Π»Π΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΡΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΠ΄Ρ. ΠΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½ΠΎ Π²Π»ΠΈΡΠ½ΠΈΠ΅ Π±ΡΡΠΈΠ»ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΊΡΠ°Π½ΡΠΎΠ³Π΅Π½Π°ΡΠ°, Π°ΡΡΠΎΡΠ»ΠΎΡΠ°, Π΄ΠΈΠ·Π΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠΎΠΏΠ»ΠΈΠ²Π°, Π° ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ Π΄Π΅ΠΏΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΎΡΠΎΠ² ΠΏΡΡΡΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΠ΄Ρ β ΠΊΠ°ΡΠ±ΠΎΠΊΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ»ΡΠ΅Π»Π»ΡΠ»ΠΎΠ·Ρ (ΠΠΠ¦) ΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄ΠΊΠΈΡΠ»Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΆΠΈΠ΄ΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΡΠ΅ΠΊΠ»Π° (ΠΏΡΠΈ ΡΡΠΌΠΌΠ°ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΌ ΡΠ°ΡΡ
ΠΎΠ΄Π΅ ΡΠΎΠ±ΠΈΡΠ°ΡΠ΅Π»Π΅ΠΉ β 130 Π³/Ρ, Π΄ΠΈΠ·Π΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠΎΠΏΠ»ΠΈΠ²Π° β 5β10 Π³/Ρ, ΠΠΠ¦ β 200 Π³/Ρ, ΠΆΠΈΠ΄ΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΡΠ΅ΠΊΠ»Π° β 500 Π³/Ρ) Π½Π° ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ²Π°Π΅ΠΌΡΠ΅ ΠΏΠ°ΡΠ°ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΡ Π² ΡΡΠ»ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΡΡ
ΠΊΠΎΠ»Π»Π΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ»ΠΎΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ. Π£ΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΎ, ΡΡΠΎ Π΄ΠΎΠ±Π°Π²ΠΊΠΈ Π°ΡΡΠΎΡΠ»ΠΎΡΠ° ΠΈ Π΄ΠΈΠ·Π΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠΎΠΏΠ»ΠΈΠ²Π° ΠΊ ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π½ΠΎΠΌΡ ΡΠ΅Π°Π³Π΅Π½ΡΡ- ΡΠΎΠ±ΠΈΡΠ°ΡΠ΅Π»Ρ β ΠΊΡΠ°Π½ΡΠΎΠ³Π΅Π½Π°ΡΡ β ΠΏΠΎΠ²ΡΡΠ°ΡΡ ΡΠ΅Π»Π΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΡΡΡ ΡΠ»ΠΎΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΏΠ΅Π½ΡΠ»Π°Π½Π΄ΠΈΡΠ° ΠΈ Ρ
Π°Π»ΡΠΊΠΎΠΏΠΈΡΠΈΡΠ° ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΡΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎ ΠΏΠΈΡΡΠΎΡΠΈΠ½Π° ΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π·ΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΉ ΡΠΎΡΡΠ°Π²Π»ΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΉ. ΠΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π² ΡΠ΅Π°Π³Π΅Π½ΡΠ½ΡΠΉ ΡΠ΅ΠΆΠΈΠΌ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄ΠΊΠΈΡΠ»Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΆΠΈΠ΄ΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΡΠ΅ΠΊΠ»Π° ΡΠ²Π΅Π»ΠΈΡΠΈΠ²Π°Π΅Ρ ΡΠ΅Π»Π΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΡΡΡ ΡΠ»ΠΎΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΡΡΠ»ΡΡΠΈΠ΄ΠΎΠ² Π½ΠΈΠΊΠ΅Π»Ρ ΠΈ ΠΌΠ΅Π΄ΠΈ ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΡΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΠ΄Ρ. ΠΠΎΠ±Π°Π²ΠΊΠΈ ΠΠΠ¦ ΡΡ
ΡΠ΄ΡΠ°ΡΡ ΡΠ΅Π»Π΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΡΡΡ ΡΠ»ΠΎΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΌΠ΅Π΄ΠΈ. ΠΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΡΠ΅ ΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΡ ΠΊΠ°ΠΆΠ΄ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΎΡΠ΄Π΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΠ°ΡΠ°ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠ° ΡΡΡΠ΅Π½Ρ Π² ΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅Π³ΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ΅ΠΉΡΠΈΠ½Π³ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΉ ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΠΊΠ΅ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΡΠΏΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΠ°Π½ΠΈΠΉ ΡΠ΅Π°Π³Π΅Π½ΡΠΎΠ² Π΄Π»Ρ ΠΌΠ΅Π΄Π½ΠΎ-Π½ΠΈΠΊΠ΅Π»Π΅Π²ΠΎΠΉ ΡΡΠ΄Ρ ΠΏΠΎ ΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΊΡΠΏΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ 10 ΠΏΠ°ΡΠ°ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠΎΠ². ΠΡΠ΅Π΄Π»ΠΎΠΆΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΠΉ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ΅Ρ Π±ΡΡΡ Π² Π΄Π°Π»ΡΠ½Π΅ΠΉΡΠ΅ΠΌ ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ ΠΏΡΠΈ ΠΌΠ°ΡΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΉ ΡΡΠ°Π²Π½ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΠΊΠ΅ ΡΠ»ΠΎΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΡΡ
ΡΠ΅Π°Π³Π΅Π½ΡΠΎΠ²
ΠΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠ΅Π°Π³Π΅Π½ΡΠΎΠ² Π² ΡΠΎΡΠΌΠ΅ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΌΠΈΠΊΡΠΎΡΠΌΡΠ»ΡΡΠΈΠΈ Π΄Π»Ρ ΡΠ»ΠΎΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΡΡΠ»ΡΡΠΈΠ΄ΠΎΠ² ΡΠ²ΠΈΠ½ΡΠ° ΠΈ ΡΠΈΠ½ΠΊΠ°
The paper presents the results of studies on the use of collecting agents in the form of an inverse microemulsion (IΠE) of the Β«water in oilΒ» type (i.e. suspended water droplets are in the oil phase) for the flotation extraction of lead and zinc minerals. Lead and zinc concentrates, lead-zinc ore were used as initial samples for flotation. The content of galena in the lead concentrate was 74.7 %, and the content of sphalerite in zinc was 78.7 %. Basic collecting agents in the IΠE composition were potassium butyl xanthate (PBX) and kerosene. A nonionic surfactant (NSA) was used for IΠE stabilization. Casein was used as additives to main reagents to remove the negative effect of osmotic pressure during the IΠE preparation. Casein was transformed into the active soluble form using sodium sulfide. The particle size in the inverse microemulsion was 12.38 nm. In flotation tests, the following options for feeding reagents to the flotation pulp were studied: IΠE, IΠE + frother, potassium butyl xanthate + frother. The T-92 reagent was used as a frother. PBX consumption as part of IME and in the traditional feeding was 26 g/ton. The results of laboratory tests showed that the method of feeding flotation reagents in the form of IΠE leads to both an increase in the flotation rate of lead and zinc sulfides and an increase in their recovery into a foam product. In addition to the increased flotation speed, tests with the use of IΠE in the bulk lead-zinc ore flotation cycle showed an increase in extraction into the ultimate concentrate by 10.8 % for lead, by 38.5 % for zinc, in comparison with the traditional feeding of reagents (collector + frother). An increased selectivity of the IΠE effect in relation to zinc sulfides, in comparison with lead sulfides, was noted. The flotation rate coefficient of sphalerite is 7.8 times greater than that of galena. An increase in extraction into the ultimate zinc concentrate is also higher and amounted to 16.78 %, while for the lead concentrate it is 1.9 % under the same conditions.ΠΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΡΠ°Π²Π»Π΅Π½Ρ ΡΠ΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΡ ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΉ ΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠ΅Π°Π³Π΅Π½ΡΠΎΠ² ΡΠΎΠ±ΠΈΡΠ°ΡΠ΅Π»Π΅ΠΉ Π² Π²ΠΈΠ΄Π΅ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΌΠΈΠΊΡΠΎΡΠΌΡΠ»ΡΡΠΈΠΈ (ΠΠΠ) ΡΠΈΠΏΠ° Β«Π²ΠΎΠ΄Π° Π² ΠΌΠ°ΡΠ»Π΅Β» (Ρ.Π΅. ΠΊΠ°ΠΏΠ»ΠΈ Π²ΠΎΠ΄Ρ Π²ΠΎ Π²Π·Π²Π΅ΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠΌ ΡΠΎΡΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΈΠΈ Π½Π°Ρ
ΠΎΠ΄ΡΡΡΡ Π² ΠΌΠ°ΡΠ»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ°Π·Π΅) Π΄Π»Ρ ΡΠ»ΠΎΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΈΠ·Π²Π»Π΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠ²ΠΈΠ½ΡΠΎΠ²ΡΡ
ΠΈ ΡΠΈΠ½ΠΊΠΎΠ²ΡΡ
ΠΌΠΈΠ½Π΅ΡΠ°Π»ΠΎΠ². Π ΠΊΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π΅ ΠΈΡΡ
ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΡΡ
ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π·ΡΠΎΠ² Π΄Π»Ρ ΡΠ»ΠΎΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π»ΠΈ ΡΠ²ΠΈΠ½ΡΠΎΠ²ΡΠΉ ΠΈ ΡΠΈΠ½ΠΊΠΎΠ²ΡΠΉ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΠ΅Π½ΡΡΠ°ΡΡ, ΡΠ²ΠΈΠ½ΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎ-ΡΠΈΠ½ΠΊΠΎΠ²ΡΡ ΡΡΠ΄Ρ. Π‘ΠΎΠ΄Π΅ΡΠΆΠ°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π³Π°Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡΠ° Π² ΡΠ²ΠΈΠ½ΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΌ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΠ΅Π½ΡΡΠ°ΡΠ΅ ΡΠΎΡΡΠ°Π²ΠΈΠ»ΠΎ 74,7 %, ΡΡΠ°Π»Π΅ΡΠΈΡΠ° Π² ΡΠΈΠ½ΠΊΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΌ β 78,7 % ΠΠ°Π·ΠΎΠ²ΡΠΌΠΈ ΡΠ΅Π°Π³Π΅Π½ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΈ-ΡΠΎΠ±ΠΈΡΠ°ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠΌΠΈ Π² ΡΠΎΡΡΠ°Π²Π΅ ΠΠΠ ΡΠ»ΡΠΆΠΈΠ»ΠΈ Π±ΡΡΠΈΠ»ΠΎΠ²ΡΠΉ ΠΊΡΠ°Π½ΡΠΎΠ³Π΅Π½Π°Ρ ΠΊΠ°Π»ΠΈΡ (ΠΠΠ) ΠΈ ΠΊΠ΅ΡΠΎΡΠΈΠ½. ΠΠ»Ρ ΡΡΠ°Π±ΠΈΠ»ΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΠΠ ΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠ»ΠΈ Π½Π΅ΠΈΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠ³Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎΠ²Π΅ΡΡ
Π½ΠΎΡΡΠ½ΠΎ-Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΠ΅ Π²Π΅ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²ΠΎ (ΠΠΠΠ). Π ΠΊΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π΅ Π΄ΠΎΠ±Π°Π²ΠΎΠΊ ΠΊ ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π½ΡΠΌ ΡΠ΅Π°Π³Π΅Π½ΡΠ°ΠΌ Π΄Π»Ρ ΡΠ΄Π°Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π½Π΅Π³Π°ΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π²ΠΎΠ·Π΄Π΅ΠΉΡΡΠ²ΠΈΡ ΠΎΡΠΌΠΎΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π΄Π°Π²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΏΡΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ³ΠΎΡΠΎΠ²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ ΠΠΠ ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π»ΠΈ ΠΊΠ°Π·Π΅ΠΈΠ½. ΠΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π²ΠΎΠ΄ ΠΊΠ°Π·Π΅ΠΈΠ½Π° Π² Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΡΡ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠ²ΠΎΡΠΈΠΌΡΡ ΡΠΎΡΠΌΡ ΠΎΡΡΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π»ΡΠ»ΠΈ Ρ ΠΏΠΎΠΌΠΎΡΡΡ ΡΠ΅ΡΠ½ΠΈΡΡΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π½Π°ΡΡΠΈΡ. Π Π°Π·ΠΌΠ΅Ρ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΈΡ Π² ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΌΠΈΠΊΡΠΎΡΠΌΡΠ»ΡΡΠΈΠΈ ΡΠΎΡΡΠ°Π²ΠΈΠ» 12,38 Π½ΠΌ. ΠΠΎ ΡΠ»ΠΎΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΡΡ
ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ°Ρ
ΠΈΠ·ΡΡΠ°Π»ΠΈ ΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΡΡΡΠΈΠ΅ Π²Π°ΡΠΈΠ°Π½ΡΡ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Π°ΡΠΈ ΡΠ΅Π°Π³Π΅Π½ΡΠΎΠ² Π²ΠΎ ΡΠ»ΠΎΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΡΡ ΠΏΡΠ»ΡΠΏΡ: ΠΠΠ, ΠΠΠ + ΠΏΠ΅Π½ΠΎΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π·ΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΠ΅Π»Ρ, Π±ΡΡΠΈΠ»ΠΎΠ²ΡΠΉ ΠΊΡΠ°Π½ΡΠΎΠ³Π΅Π½Π°Ρ ΠΊΠ°Π»ΠΈΡ + ΠΏΠ΅Π½ΠΎΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π·ΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΠ΅Π»Ρ. Π ΠΊΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π΅ ΠΏΠ΅Π½ΠΎΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π·ΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΠ΅Π»Ρ ΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠ»ΠΈ ΡΠ΅Π°Π³Π΅Π½Ρ Π’-92. Π Π°ΡΡ
ΠΎΠ΄ ΠΠΠ Π² ΡΠΎΡΡΠ°Π²Π΅ ΠΠΠ ΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΈ ΠΊΠ»Π°ΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Π°ΡΠ΅ ΡΠΎΡΡΠ°Π²ΠΈΠ» 26 Π³/Ρ. Π Π΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΡ Π»Π°Π±ΠΎΡΠ°ΡΠΎΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΈΡΠΏΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΈΠΉ ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Π»ΠΈ, ΡΡΠΎ ΡΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΠ± ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Π°ΡΠΈ ΡΠ»ΠΎΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΡΡ
ΡΠ΅Π°Π³Π΅Π½ΡΠΎΠ² Π² Π²ΠΈΠ΄Π΅ ΠΠΠ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡ ΠΊ ΠΏΠΎΠ²ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ ΡΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΡΠ»ΠΎΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΡΡΠ»ΡΡΠΈΠ΄ΠΎΠ² ΡΠ²ΠΈΠ½ΡΠ° ΠΈ ΡΠΈΠ½ΠΊΠ°, ΡΠ°ΠΊ ΠΈ ΠΈΡ
ΠΈΠ·Π²Π»Π΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π² ΠΏΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΠΉ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ΄ΡΠΊΡ. Π’Π΅ΡΡΡ Ρ ΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ ΠΠΠ Π² ΠΊΠΎΠ»Π»Π΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΠΌ ΡΠΈΠΊΠ»Π΅ ΡΠ»ΠΎΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΡΠ²ΠΈΠ½ΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎ-ΡΠΈΠ½ΠΊΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΉ ΡΡΠ΄Ρ ΠΏΠΎΠΌΠΈΠΌΠΎ ΡΠ²Π΅Π»ΠΈΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΡΠ»ΠΎΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Π»ΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠ²ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΈΠ·Π²Π»Π΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠ²ΠΈΠ½ΡΠ° Π² ΡΡΠΌΠΌΠ°ΡΠ½ΡΠΉ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΠ΅Π½ΡΡΠ°Ρ Π½Π° 10,8 %, ΡΠΈΠ½ΠΊΠ° Π½Π° 38,5 % Π² ΡΡΠ°Π²Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ Ρ ΠΊΠ»Π°ΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Π°ΡΠ΅ΠΉ ΡΠ΅Π°Π³Π΅Π½ΡΠΎΠ² (ΡΠΎΠ±ΠΈΡΠ°ΡΠ΅Π»Ρ + ΠΏΠ΅Π½ΠΎΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π·ΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΠ΅Π»Ρ). ΠΡΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½Π° ΠΏΠΎΠ²ΡΡΠ΅Π½Π½Π°Ρ ΡΠ΅Π»Π΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΡΡΡ Π΄Π΅ΠΉΡΡΠ²ΠΈΡ ΠΠΠ Π² ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ ΡΡΠ»ΡΡΠΈΠ΄ΠΎΠ² ΡΠΈΠ½ΠΊΠ° ΠΏΠΎ ΡΡΠ°Π²Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ Ρ ΡΡΠ»ΡΡΠΈΠ΄Π°ΠΌΠΈ ΡΠ²ΠΈΠ½ΡΠ°. ΠΠΎΡΡΡΠΈΡΠΈΠ΅Π½Ρ ΡΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΡΠ»ΠΎΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΡΡΠ°Π»Π΅ΡΠΈΡΠ° Π² 7,8 ΡΠ°Π·Π° Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ΅, ΡΠ΅ΠΌ Π³Π°Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡΠ°. ΠΡΠΈΡΠΎΡΡ ΠΈΠ·Π²Π»Π΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π² ΡΡΠΌΠΌΠ°ΡΠ½ΡΠΉ ΡΠΈΠ½ΠΊΠΎΠ²ΡΠΉ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΠ΅Π½ΡΡΠ°Ρ ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ Π²ΡΡΠ΅ ΠΈ ΡΠΎΡΡΠ°Π²ΠΈΠ» 16,78 %, Π² ΡΠΎ Π²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΡ ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ Π² ΡΠ²ΠΈΠ½ΡΠΎΠ²ΡΠΉ β 1,9 % ΠΏΡΠΈ ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΈΡ
ΠΈ ΡΠ΅Ρ
ΠΆΠ΅ ΡΡΠ»ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΡΡ