Mechanics of universal horizons

Modified gravity models such as Ho\v{r}ava-Lifshitz gravity or Einstein-{\ae}ther theory violate local Lorentz invariance and therefore destroy the notion of a universal light cone. Despite this, in the infrared limit both models above possess static, spherically symmetric solutions with "universal horizons" - hypersurfaces that are causal boundaries between an interior region and asymptotic spatial infinity. In other words, there still exist black hole solutions. We construct a Smarr formula (the relationship between the total energy of the spacetime and the area of the horizon) for such a horizon in Einstein-{\ae}ther theory. We further show that a slightly modified first law of black hole mechanics still holds with the relevant area now a cross-section of the universal horizon. We construct new analytic solutions for certain Einstein-{\ae}ther Lagrangians and illustrate how our results work in these exact cases. Our results suggest that holography may be extended to these theories despite the very different causal structure as long as the universal horizon remains the unique causal boundary when matter fields are added.Comment: Minor clarifications. References update

Preliminary design polymeric materials experiment

A typical Advanced Technology Laboratory mission flight plan was developed and used as a guideline for the identification of a number of experiment considerations. The experiment logistics beginning with sample preparation and ending with sample analysis are then overlaid on the mission in order to have a complete picture of the design requirements. The results of this preliminary design study fall into two categories. First specific preliminary designs of experiment hardware which is adaptable to a variety of mission requirements. Second, identification of those mission considerations which affect hardware design and will require further definition prior to final design. Finally, a program plan is presented which will provide the necessary experiment hardware in a realistic time period to match the planned shuttle flights. A bibliography of all material reviewed and consulted but not specifically referenced is provided

Experiments on continuous growth of arable crops at Rothamsted and Woburn-Experimental-Stations - effects of treatments on crop yields and soil analyses and recent modifications in purpose and design

This paper describes six field experiments started during 1843-77. All, with various modifications, still continue and results for various periods between 1843 and 1975 are given. Originally the experiments investigated the nutrient requirements of wheat, barley and root crops, each crop grown in monoculture. Yields on unmanured and farmyard manure treated soils were measured and compared with those given by N P K Na Mg Si supplied in inorganic compounds and tested singly and in various combinations. These experiments soon demonstrated that fertilisers could give the same yields as farmyard manure and showed the relative importance of N, and K for the various crops. All manures tested supplied more nutrients than were removed in the crops. Nearly all the fertiliser N residues have been lost from the soil.; some N has accumulated in soils given farmyard manure but even on these soils much has been lost. Most of the P residues have remained in the plough layer but some K has moved into the subsoil. The P and K residues can be detected by increases in the bicarbonate soluble-P and the exchangeable K but neither method of soil analysis gives an estimate of the total amount of plant available P and K in the soil. However, field experiments shows that residues are available to a wide range of crops. In some comparisons yields were always better on soils with residues than on those without, even when much new fertiliser was tested. Soils which have received annual dressings of farmyard manure for more than 100 years now contain more organic matter than soils with fertilisers only. During recent years varieties with a high yield potential, and improved cultural techniques, including weed, pest and disease control have been introduced. in this period yields of root crops and cereals grown in rotation have been larger on farmyard manure-than on fertiliser-treated soils. This difference cannot be explained in terms of spring applied fertiliser N dressings; further investigations are being undertaken

Consideration Sets as Resources for Business Model Generation

Business models as outcomes for entrepreneurship are increasing in prevalence in pedagogy and practice. Instructors and entrepreneurs are focusing efforts on iterating potential ideas through a process of trial and error in hopes to produce working business models. However, such practices need to be better underpinned by theory so we can develop an understanding of how to identify more valuable opportunity ideas and how to progress them towards working business models with fewer trials and errors. This conceptual paper focuses on integrating extant conceptualisations of business models as interdependent activities with research on identifying opportunities as problem-solution pairings. While integrating those literatures, the present framework also details how reliance on constrained, systematic search—with its resource-based view underpinnings—can help individuals with entrepreneurial aspirations identify more valuable opportunities and progress them faster and with fewer trials and errors into working business models

Development of an internal restraint system for an integrated restraint-pressure suit system Report, 7 Jun. 1965 - 28 Jun. 1966

Internal restraint system, composed of liquid filled garment and separate auxiliary system, for integrated restraint pressure suit for acceleration protection and thermal transpor

A momentum-space representation of Green's functions with modified dispersion on ultra-static space-time

We consider the Green's functions associated to a scalar field propagating on a curved, ultra-static background, in the presence of modified dispersion relations. The usual proper-time deWitt-Schwinger procedure to obtain a series representation of the Green's functions is doomed to failure, because of higher order spatial derivatives in the Klein-Gordon operator. We show how to overcome this difficulty by considering a preferred frame, associated to a unit time-like vector. With respect to this frame, we can express the Green's functions as an integral over all frequencies of a space-dependent function. The latter can be expanded in momentum space, as a series with geometric coefficients similar to the deWitt-Schwinger's ones. By integrating over all frequencies, we finally find the expansion of the Green's function up to four derivatives of the metric tensor. The relation with the proper-time formalism is also discussed.Comment: revtex, version accepted for publication in Phys. Rev.

Serotonin, Septal Lesions, and Shock-Escape Learning in Rats

An article written by Bruce A. Mattingly, James E. Gotsick and E. Brooks Applegate and published in Psychological Reports in 1986, pages 3-9