Reconstructing the genetic structure of the Kazakh from clan distribution data

Applying quasigenetic markers - non-biological traits which are nevertheless inherited in generations - is one of the research fields within human population genetics. For the West European, East European, and Caucasus populations, surnames are typical quasigenetic markers. For Central Asian populations, particularly Kazakh, the clan affiliation serves as a good marker: a set of papers demonstrated that many clans include mainly persons which biologically descent from a recent common ancestor. In this study, we analyzed a large (~4.2 million persons) dataset on quasigenetic markers - the geographic distribution of 50 Kazakh clans at the beginning of the 20th century, and compared the dataset with the direct data of the Y-chro-mosomal diversity in modern Kazakh populations. The analysis included three steps: the isonymy method, which is standard for quasigenetic markers, comparing frequencies of quasigenetic markers, and comparing the quasigenetic and genetic datasets. We constructed 50 maps of frequency of the distribution of each clan and revealed that these maps correlate with the maps of genetic distances. The Mantel test also demonstrated a significant correlation between geographic and quasigenetic distances (г = 0.60; p < 0.05). The analysis of inter-population variability revealed the largest diversity between geographic territories corresponding to the social-territorial groups of the Kazakh Khanate (zhuzes) rather than to other historical groups that existed on the territory of Kazakhstan in preceding and modern epochs. The same is evidenced by the principal components and multidimensional scaling plots, which grouped geographic populations into three clusters corresponding to three zhuzes. This indicates that the final structuring of the Kazakh gene pool might have occurred during the Kazakh Khanate period

Morphological, Physiological and Genetic Characteristics of Populations of the Main Plague Host Rhombomys opimus Licht., 1823 in the Central Asian Desert Natural Focus of Plague

Revealed by morphological characters, physiological status, and genetic diversity of populations of the main plague host Rhombomys opimus Licht., 1823 in Central Asia desert natural focus is described.Differences in the skull parameters of R. opimus from different populations were revealed. It’s shown that gerbils from Moyunkum are separate autonomous populations group. Samples from Moyunkum and Mangyshlak differed from other samples. In Balkhash-Alakol depression found two regional complexes: Pre-Balkhash and Dzungarian.Study results of free amino acids level in R. opimus blood serum obtained by gas-liquid chromatography of blood sera from animals captured in different zones of Central Asian focus gave statistically significant differences. To determine genetic variability in ecological and geographical isolation of R. opimus populations the DNA was genotyped.DNA samples analysis combined the studied gerbil from the desert focus into four clusters with eighteen haplotypes. R. opimus sequence analysis taking into account data from territories of Iran, Kazakhstan and China, clustered into three large clusters. First cluster combined the sequences of Kazakhstan and China samples, while great gerbil captured in Kazakhstan is located in a separate treasure. Second and third clusters include sequences of a great gerbil captured in Iran

GENO-TYPING OF M. TUBERCULOSIS ISOLATES WITH MULTIPLE DRUG RESISTANCE CIRCULATING IN THE SOUTHERN REGIONS OF KAZAKHSTAN

Kazakhstan has one of the highest incidence of multiple drug resistant tuberculosis in the world. The goal is to describe isolated of M. tuberculosis circulating in the Southern regions of Kazakhstan basing on MIRU-VNTR-profile and spectrum of gene mutations responsible for resistance to the first and second line drugs. 58 clinical isolates of M. tuberculosis with extensive drug resistance were collected. Genetic analysis was conducted by sequencing of genes of rpoB, katG, embB and inhA-fabG of operon and genes of gyrA, gyrB and rrs. The replacement of asparaginic acid with cysteine in the 94th codon of gyr4 gene was found out, which has not been described in literature before. Mutations dominated in the 315th codon of katG (n = 53; 91.4%), in the 531th codon of rpoB (n = 45; 77.6%), in position 1 401 of A/G gene rrs (n = 33; 56.9%) and in the 94th codon of gyrA. MIRU-VNTR typing showed that the majority of isolates belonged to W-Beijing family (n = 53, 94.4%). W-Beijing family often manifests resistance which can explain the increase of drug resistant tuberculosis incidence in the Republic

Creation of the Probiotic Consortium on the Base of Strains of Bifidobacterium spp.

Nowadays, a widespread circulation of disbiotic conditions among the population of all ages in Kazakhstan requires an active development in industry for both preparations and products with probiotic properties. The gained bacterial isolates, Bifidobacterium adolescentis 180, B. breve 204, B. breve 584 and B. breve 587 were used in our researches and screening showed they possess high probiotic properties. The consortium possesses strong antimicrobial activity to pathogenic and potentially-pathogenic microflora, insulated during disbacteriosis, as well as from vagina and urea. They are able to produce vitamin B12 and also have antimutagenic activity. As a result, the consortium on the base of strains of Bifidobacterium spp. was received, possessing the following advantages: contains live mass of microbial, antagonistically active strains B. breve and B. adolescentis; contains more than 10^9 alive Bifidobacteria; does not contain plasmids, which means that it could not be a carrier of antibiotic stability for Gram-positive receptive pathogenic and potentially-pathogenic microflora

Validation of the diagnostic and prognostic relevance of serum MMP-7 levels in renal cell cancer by using a novel automated fluorescent immunoassay method.

PURPOSE: Despite encouraging results in other cancers, in renal cell cancer, no consensus exists regarding the diagnostic and prognostic relevance of MMP-7. The aim of this study was to assess the diagnostic and prognostic potential of serum MMP-7 levels in renal cell cancer. Furthermore, parallel to the widely used ELISA method, we tested a new, fluid-phase, fluorescent immunoassay (B.R.A.H.M.S KRYPTOR(R)) for the quantitation of MMP-7. METHODS: We analyzed the serum samples of 174 individuals (77 patients and 97 age-matched healthy controls) by a commercially available sandwich ELISA and by a novel, automated, fluid-phase immunofluorescent assay (B.R.A.H.M.S KRYPTOR(R)). Results were correlated with the clinicopathological and follow-up data. RESULTS: MMP-7 concentrations showed a high concordance level (R 2 = 0.979) between the two methods (p < 0.001). Serum MMP-7 concentrations were significantly higher in patients compared to controls. At a cutoff value of 3.15 ng/ml, a specificity and a sensitivity of 70 and 82 % for the detection of RCC was found. Patients with metastasis had significantly higher MMP-7 levels as those without metastasis (p = 0.038 by KRYPTOR, p = 0.011 by ELISA). High MMP-7 levels proved to be independently associated with shorter overall, disease-specific and metastasis-free survival, regardless of the analytical method. CONCLUSIONS: Based on these results, serum MMP-7 levels have both diagnostic and prognostic potential. The KRYPTOR method provided comparable results to the standard ELISA analysis, with a high concordance level and can therefore be considered as a surrogate method. Its flexibility and automated operation make the KRYPTOR MMP-7 assay suitable for routine laboratory use in the daily practice

Effect of serum amyloid A1 treatment on global gene expression in THP-1-derived macrophages

10.1007/s00011-011-0424-4Inflammation Research614391-398INRE