Compressive yield stress of depletion gels with variable interaction strength

We studied the stationary sedimentation profiles of colloidal gels in which the arrested phase separation process is driven by depletion forces, obtained by compressing the samples by either natural or artificial gravity in the range between 6g and 2300g. We found that the rheological properties of these gels display a drastic change when the particle volume fraction φ exceeds a value φc which barely depends on the strength of the attractive forces. The compressive yield stress Π(φ), in fact, first grows as a power law of φ for φ φc and, then, displays a diverging behavior for larger values of the gel volume fraction, with an asymptotic value similar to the random close packing value for hard spheres. The evidence we collected suggests that φc essentially coincides with the colloid-rich liquid branch of the metastable coexistence line, rather than with an attractive glass line penetrating inside the coexistence region, for which lower φ values, also dependent on the strength of the interactions, are expected

Serotonin transporter gene (5-HTTLPR) and major psychoses

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Modeling of the degradation of poly(ethylene glycol)-co-(lactic acid)-dimethacrylate hydrogels

Because of their similarity with extracellular matrix, hydrogels are ideal substrates for cell growth. Hydrogels made of synthetic polymers are excellent alternatives to natural ones and offer the key advantage of precisely controllable degradation times. In this work, hydrogels have been prepared from modified poly(ethylene glycol) macromonomers, functionalized on both ends first with a few lactic acid units, and then with methacrylate groups. A library of hydrogels has been prepared using free- radical polymerization of the macromonomers, by changing both the macromonomer concentration and their type, i.e., the number of lactic acid repeating units. The degradation kinetics of these hydrogels, caused by the hydrolysis of the lactic acid units, have been carefully monitored in terms of swelling ratio, mass loss, and Young’s modulus. A complete mathematical model, accounting for hydrogel degradation, swelling, and reverse gelation, has been developed and used to predict all the measured quantities until complete disappearance of the gels. The model is capable of accurately predicting the time evolution of all the properties investigated experimentally. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study where such a systematic comparison between model predictions and experimental data is presented

The prokineticin receptor agonist Bv8 decreases IL-10 and IL-4 production in mice splenocytes by activating prokineticin receptor-1

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Bv8, prokineticin-1, or endocrine gland-vascular endothelial growth factor, and prokineticin-2 are recently isolated peptide agonists of two G protein-coupled receptors, prokineticin receptor-1 (PROKR 1) and PROKR 2, and have been described as affecting a number of myeloid cell functions. We evaluated the impact of Bv8 on lymphoid cells by investigating its ability to modulate T cell cytokine balance in mouse.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>The production of T-helper1 cytokines (IL-2, IFN-γ and IL-1β), the T-helper 2 cytokine IL-4, and the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10 by mouse splenocytes was evaluated after polyclonal stimulation or immunisation with the keyhole limpet hemocyanin protein antigen by measuring cytokine levels. When added <it>in vitro </it>to Con-A-stimulated splenocytes, Bv8 significantly increased IL-1β and decreased IL-4 and IL-10; IL-2 and IFN-γ were not affected. Similar results were obtained when Bv8 was administered <it>in vivo</it>. In KLH-immunised mice, splenocytes restimulated <it>in vitro </it>with KLH and Bv8 produced significantly smaller amounts of IL-4 and IL-10. KLH-induced IL-10 and IL-4 production was also significantly blunted in animals administered Bv8 <it>in vivo </it>at the time of KLH immunisation or two weeks later. The Bv8-induced effects were lost in mice lacking the PROKR 1 gene, thus indicating that PROKR 1 is the receptor involved in the modulation of cytokines.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>These findings indicate that Bv8/prokineticin-1 is a novel modulator of lymphoid functions, and may be a suitable target for new immunopharmacological strategies.</p

A Business Process Reengineering of the Surgical Path through Lean Technique: The Real Case Study of a Midsize Italian Hospital

This period of pandemic has had important consequences on the flow and the entire organization of any hospital. In particular, the number of accesses to the emergency room has increased, with the consequent urgent need to reorgani ze it quickly. The model proposed in this paper allows to respond to these needs by freeing not only shifts of nursing staff but also surgical staff. This workforce can then be relocated in the emergency room or of the intensive care unit who are in fact at the forefront of emergency management. The aim of this study conducted by the authors is to analyze, inside the context of a midsize Italian hospital, the actual organization model, and then to approach it by Business Process Reengineering (BPR) methodology with the goal to propose a KPI management system that evaluates the efficiency of the whole surgical path. The second objective of the study is to verify if the Operating Rooms (ORs) are properly sized to cover the surgical workload or if it would be necessary to build new ORs (answer to this question is the project mandate by Surgical Wards Chiefs). The last objective is to implement a flexible to cope with emergency situations such as a pandemic. The main result is the approximate maintenance of surgical annual activity (8169 vs 7889). The fewer resources required can be reallocated to deal with emergencies such as the current COVID-19 pandemic. In fact, the surgical shifts decreased during the test case from 464 versus 365 (-15,32%). The rooms’ utilization coefficient rose from 41% to over 52%, whereas the surgeons’ utilization coefficient rose to 61% (with values over 68% for parallel shifts). The results achieved demonstrate that improving efficiency of surgical processes is feasible and a systematic approach allows to respond to new global health challenges