Adaptation of rheological model to assess influence of the glassy carbon admixtures on cyclic creep of surgical cement

W pracy opisano matematycznie zjawisko cyklicznego pełzania cementu chirurgicznego, jakie zaobserwowano podczas badań zmęczeniowych niskocyklowych. Badaniom poddano cement chirurgiczny o nazwie Palamed oraz cement Palamed modyfikowany węglem szklistym w postaci proszku o granulacji 60 μm i udziale 3,2% mas. Wykorzystując model reologiczny standardowy, oceniono wpływ domieszki węgla szklistego na wielkość odkształcenia w warunkach cyklicznego pełzania. Stwierdzono korzystny wpływ tej domieszki na zachowanie się cementu w warunkach obciążeń zmiennych. Obliczenia przeprowadzono przy wykorzystaniu programu matematycznego „Mathcad 14”.Mathematically description of cyclic creep phenomena in surgical cement which occurred at low cycle fatigue tests has been attempted in this paper. It has been examined bone cement Palamed and Palamed modified with glassy carbon powder of 60 µm granulation and 3,2% in mass fraction. Calculation of deformation changes in time for the elaborated model of cyclic creep has been done. It was stated that glassy carbon has advantageous influence on behavior bone cement in conditions of changeable loadings. Calculations have been made by using program Mathcad 14

Numerical Modeling of Copper Reduction in Fire Refining Process

Copper reduction represents one of the steps in the process of fire refining of blister copper. Process of copper reduction with natural gas as performed in the anode furnace was modeled. Numerical analysis was conducted using the IPSA (Inter- Phase-Slip Algorithm) module of PHOENICS package and standard turbulent model k - ε. The model takes into account the liquid phase - slag and phase of natural gas which is supplied through the tuyere from the bottom of the charge. Calculations were made for two different diameters of tuyeres for supply of reducer. Based on the calculations and analysis, it was found out that the gas flow which causes strong movement in the bath guarantees homogeneous composition of the liquid copper in each process stage. Application of a tuyere with a larger diameter results in a greater intensity of the reduction process and better use of the reducer

Influence of Selected Parameters on Reduction of Converter Slag - Studies with CFD Method

In this study influence of selected parameters on the process of reduction of converter slag from refining of Cu-Pb-Fe alloy was numerically examined. The process of the slag reduction is carried out in Q 80 converters of Hoboken type for copper removal. Converter slags show high concentration of lead therefore they can be seen as an important component for further processing in rotary-rocking furnaces together with other lead-bearing materials. Three-dimensional simulation was performed using the IPSA (Inter Phase Slip Algorithm) module of two-phase flow from PHOENICS package. Numerical simulations have forecasted influence of changes in the slag chemical composition and the process time on the process course

Influence of Selected Parameters on Reduction of Converter Slag - Studies with CFD Method

In this study influence of selected parameters on the process of reduction of converter slag from refining of Cu-Pb-Fe alloy was numerically examined. The process of the slag reduction is carried out in Q 80 converters of Hoboken type for copper removal. Converter slags show high concentration of lead therefore they can be seen as an important component for further processing in rotary-rocking furnaces together with other lead-bearing materials. Three-dimensional simulation was performed using the IPSA (Inter Phase Slip Algorithm) module of two-phase flow from PHOENICS package. Numerical simulations have forecasted influence of changes in the slag chemical composition and the process time on the process course

Some aspects of model calculations of converter slag reduction process

A numerical method was used to study influence of the charge mass change on the process of converter slag reduction. A numerical simulation was performed with three different quantities of reduced slag. The relation between changes of Cu₂O concentration and duration of the reduction process as well as between the rate of Cu₂O reduction in the slag and Cu₂O concentration were analysed. It was found out that the duration of the process is proportional to the amount of the treated charge. The rate of Cu₂O reduction from converter slag decreases with the process duration and increases with increasing concentration of Cu₂O in the slag

Numerical investigation of heat exchange in rotary furnace

Process of heat exchange in a rotary furnace during converter slag reduction was modelled.Temperature distribution in the furnace and temperature of the charge (slag) only were examined. Influence of modification of the process gas supply method by changing the number of nozzles on the course of the reduction process was analyzed. It has been found out that application of a nozzle as a submerged flame burner provides possibilities to reach higher charge temperature. Application of more nozzles in the process of converter slag reduction can increase temperature of reduced slag and provide better uniformity of charge heating

Influence of the glassy carbon admixtures on useful properties of surgical cement

W pracy przeprowadzono badania procesu polimeryzacji cementu chirurgicznego na bazie PMMA domieszką węgla szklistego w postaci proszku. Określono podstawowe charakterystyki mechaniczne otrzymanego kompozytu polimerowego. Podjęto próbę oceny właściwości użytkowych tego biomateriału pod względem możliwości jego zastosowania w ortopedii.In this study has been carried examination of polymerization process bone cement modified with glassy carbon powder. It has been described mechanical characteristics of received polymer’s composite. We tried to assess useful properties of this biomaterial under possibility use it in orthopeady

Numerical investigation of heat exchange in rotary furnace

Process of heat exchange in a rotary furnace during converter slag reduction was modelled.Temperature distribution in the furnace and temperature of the charge (slag) only were examined. Influence of modification of the process gas supply method by changing the number of nozzles on the course of the reduction process was analyzed. It has been found out that application of a nozzle as a submerged flame burner provides possibilities to reach higher charge temperature. Application of more nozzles in the process of converter slag reduction can increase temperature of reduced slag and provide better uniformity of charge heating