72 research outputs found
Subnational home market bias in Vietnam: Evidence from enterprise‐level data
This paper contributes to the home (market) bias literature where administrative or political borders limit trade across borders. Home bias is well documented at the national and subnational level. To sort out macro (e.g., location characteristics) and micro (e.g., enterprise characteristics) factors behind home bias, we use small and medium‐sized enterprise (SME) data from Vietnam. Using the fractional multinomial logit model, we find that the proportion of SME sales outside of their home markets is positively associated with enterprise size, age, number of business association memberships and the distance of SMEs\u27 most important supplier. In contrast, the proportion of SME sales to neighbouring provinces is negatively associated with the share of SME production for final consumption. Besides enterprise‐level frictions, market characteristics matter too. The proportion of SME sales to customers in their home markets is negatively associated with home or neighbouring provinces\u27 governance quality, while the proportion of sales to customers in neighbouring provinces is positively associated with these areas\u27 governance quality. These suggest that good governance frees SME resources for use in selling to less familiar markets
Co-optation & Clientelism: Nested Distributive Politics in China’s Single-Party Dictatorship
What explains the persistent growth of public employment in reform-era
China despite repeated and forceful downsizing campaigns? Why do some provinces
retain more public employees and experience higher rates of bureaucratic expansion
than others? Among electoral regimes, the creation and distribution of public jobs is
typically attributed to the politics of vote buying and multi-party competition. Electoral
factors, however, cannot explain the patterns observed in China’s single-party dictatorship. This study highlights two nested factors that influence public employment in
China: party co-optation and personal clientelism. As a collective body, the ruling party
seeks to co-opt restive ethnic minorities by expanding cadre recruitment in hinterland
provinces. Within the party, individual elites seek to expand their own networks of
power by appointing clients to office. The central government’s professed objective of
streamlining bureaucracy is in conflict with the party’s co-optation goal and individual
elites’ clientelist interest. As a result, the size of public employment has inflated during
the reform period despite top-down mandates to downsize bureaucracy.Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/116599/1/Ang, Cooptation & Clientelism, posted 2016-01.pdfDescription of Ang, Cooptation & Clientelism, posted 2016-01.pdf : First Onlin
The Productivity Consequences of Political Turnover: Firm-Level Evidence from Ukraine's Orange Revolution
The North Carolina Online Sex Offender Registry: Awareness and Utilization by Childcare Providers
A Reassessment of the Provincial Competitiveness Index of Hanoi in 2009 Using Data Envelopment Analysis (Vietnamese)
Trade Liberalization and State-Owned Enterprises: Evidence from Vietnam's Accession to the WTO
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