Successful pregnancy in a patient on regular hemodialysis awaiting kidney transplantation

Currently, the prevalence of chronic kidney disease in the general population is in the range of 8.7 to 18.4%, being at least 3% in women of childbearing age. Therefore, improvement of pregnancy outcomes in patients with chronic kidney disease is an important medical and social problem. In the past, pregnancy in women receiving the program hemodialysis (HD) was considered impossible. The first successful pregnancy in HD was described in 1971. Recently, pregnancy outcomes in dialysis patients significantly improved with an increase in the live births to 73–79%. It was shown that intensification of the dialysis program plays an important role in the achievement of a  favorable pregnancy outcome, with an increase in the number of sessions to 6 weekly, and the total weekly duration of dialysis of up to 24 hours and more. We present a  clinical case of a  favorable course of pregnancy that was eventually detected in a  patient on program HD during her examination before the kidney transplantation. Her dialysis program was intensified, with no subsequent complications characteristic of pregnancy in chronic kidney disease, such as hypertension, preeclampsia, severe anemia, and serious fetal growth retardation syndrome. At week 38 of gestation, programmed vaginal delivery was performed; a healthy girl was born who did not need any intensive care. The successful outcome of this pregnancy was due to intensive dialysis treatment, a multidisciplinary approach to pregnancy management, and thorough obstetric monitoring

COMPLICATIONS AND OUTCOMES OF PREGNANCY IN CHRONIC KIDNEY DISEASE

Pregnancy in women with kidney disorders, even with preserved renal function, is associated with higher than in the population rates of obstetric and perinatal complications, such as eclampsia, preterm delivery, surgical deliveries and intensive care for newborns.This article presents our own data on complications and outcomes of pregnancies in 156 women with various stages of chronic kidney disease (CKD). From these, 87 patients had CKD stage I, 29 with CKD stage II and 40 with CKD stages III, IV, V. For the first time in Russia, the authors summarize their unique experience in management of pregnancy with CKD, underline a high probability (27,5%) of its primary detection during pregnancy, discuss the algorithms of assessment, prevention and treatment of various gestational complications in CKD (pre-eclampsia, urinary tract infections, feto-placental insufficiency, anemia, acute renal damage), as well as the influence of pregnancy on renal function at long-term post-delivery. A direct correlation between the CKD stage, frequency of pre-eclampsia, feto-placental insufficiency, preterm deliveries, surgical deliveries by caesarean section and babies’ status at birth is demonstrated.Based on their ample clinical material, they confirmprobability of favorable pregnancy outcomes in CKD patients with stable renal function without severe arterial hypertension during pregnancy: for a baby in 87%, for the mother in 90% (maintenance of the same CKD stage). The risk of persistent deterioration of renal function during pregnancy and puerperium in women with CKD is higher in CKD stage IV, as well as in the case of early development of pre-eclampsia; it also correlates with severity of the latter.The probability of a favorable obstetric and nephrological outcome is higher when the pregnancy is planned and intensively co-managed by an obstetrician/gynaecologist and a nephrologist from early weeks of gestation onwards