Assessment of physical risk factors among artisans using occupational repetitive actions and Nordic questionnaire

Aims: The aims of present study is to determine the level of exposure to physical risk factors of work related repetitive movements in the upper limbs among the artisans in Isfahan, using occupational repetitive actions index and the Nordic Questionnaire. Material and Methods: In this cross-sectional study, the study population consisted of 94 males employed in Artisan production. The tools that be used for assessing physical ergonomic risk factors among artisans was Nordic Questionnaire and OCRA index. The different handicraft tasks and work activities included: Simple etching, embossing, reticular embossing, enameling, tiling, illumination, inlay, copper smithing and, miniature painting have been chosen for the study. The Study was carried out on the both left and right hands. The results were analyzed by statistical tests included Chi square, Kruskal Wallis and one-way variance analysis. Results: The highest OCRA index score was related to simple etching job, and the other tasks such as embossing, copper smithing, reticular embossing, tiling, miniature painting, and illumination were in lower risk category. Our finding showed that there are a significant difference between OCRA scores of the various jobs (P value < 0.001), and also the relationship between OCRA index and the type of jobs was statistically significant (P value < 0.001). Risk level in the right hand was significantly higher than the left hand (P value < 0.001). Moreover, in both right and left hands, OCRA index was different among several types of jobs (P value < 0.001). Conclusion: Our assessment showed that in overall there are different physical risk factors among artisans which make them susceptible to musculoskeletal disorders

Analysis of occupational stress and the related issues among employees of ٍEsfahan steel company (ESCO), Iran (2009)

زمینه و هدف: استرس شغلی زمانی بروز می کند که بین نیازهای شغلـــی با توانایی ها و قابلیت ها و خواسته های فرد هماهنگی وجود نداشته و می تواند مشکلات بهداشتی و ناهنجاری های اقتصادی به همراه داشته باشد. این مطالعه به منظور تعیین عواملی که منجر به استرس شغلی در کارکنان ذوب آهن اصفهان می گردد انجام شده است. روش بررسی: در این مطالعــــه توصیفی-تحلیلی 400 نفر از کارکنان ذوب آهن اصفهان به صورت تصادفی انتخاب شــــدند. داده ها با استفاده از پرسشنامه مشخصات دموگرافیک و پرسشنامه DASS (Depression Anxiety Stress Scales) جمع آوری و به کمک آزمون های آماری کای دو و آنالیز رگرسیون لجستیک تجزیه و تحلیل شدند. یافته ها: بر اساس نتایج، 53 از کارکنان دارای استرس شغلی بودند. بین سن، وضعیت تاهل، تجربه کاری، سواد و نوبت کاری کارکنان با استرس آنان رابطه معنی داری وجود نداشت. اما میزان استرس در کارکنان دارای مشکلات فرزندان، محیط کاری سخت تر، داشتن شغل دوم و حقوق ماهیانه کمتر از شش میلیون ریال بیشتر بود (05/0

Who went into phage research?

A total of 30,000 phage papers, books, or book chapters, published between 1965 and 2010, were analyzed for the ethnic origins of 14,429 first authors. Their names represent 40 linguistic domains or geographic areas and at least 70 languages. British and German names predominate. Results broadly concur with statistics on the frequency of publications by country and show the growing role of Third-World countries in phage research. Irish and Jewish scientists are prominent. Historical and societal factors appear to be very important elements in the advancement of science

Analisis Risiko Kesehatan Lingkungan (Model Pengukuran Risiko Pencemaran Udara Terhadap Kesehatan)

Kesehatan. Se-dangkan risiko (risk) merupakan fungsi peluang terjadinya gangguan kesehatan dan kepara-han (severity) gangguan kesehatan oleh karena suatu bahaya.Risiko lingkungan merupakan risiko terhadap kesehatan manusia yang disebabkan oleh karena faktor lingkungan, baik lingkungan fisik, hayati maupun sosial-ekonomi-budaya. Salah satu bahaya yang berpotensi menimbulkan dampak bagi kesehatan manusia dan ling-kungan yakni bahaya kimia yang berupa keberadaan polutan di udara.Di Indonesia Analisis Risiko Kesehatan Lingkungan (ARKL) masih belum banyak dikenal dan digunakan sebagai metoda kajian dampak lingkungan terhadap kesehatan. Pa-dahal, di beberapa negara Uni Eropa, Amerika dan Australia ARKL telah menjadi proses central idea legislasi dan regulasi pengendalian dampak lingkungan. Karenanya, merupakan hal penting untuk mengenalkan metode ARKL dalam pengukuran risiko kesehatan yang dapat ditimbulkan karena faktor lingkungan khususnya pencemaran udara

Sebaran Logam Berat Cadmium (Cd) Dan Timbal (Pb) Pada Air Sungai Dan Sumur Di Daerah Sekitar Tempat Pembuangan Akhir (Tpa) Wukirsari Gunung Kidul, YOGYAKARTA

Cadmium (Cd) and Lead (Pb) are heavy metal which is very harmful for human being even though in low concentration. Leachate from municipal landfill is one of heavy metals source and its presence often caused environmental contamination in Indonesia and also many countries. Therefore, study on the distribution of Cd and Pb around landfill area is important to be conducted. Based on the distance between location of Wukirsari landfill and sampling points, samples were taken from river and ground water and then analyzed by using atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS) instrument in order to know the concentration of Cd and Pb ions in water. In order to know the effect of weather, samples from 10 different sampling points were taken during dry and rainy seasons (two times sampling for each season). The concentration of Cd in the river and ground water is in the range of 0.001-0.03 mg/l and 0.01-0.53 mg/l for Pb (higher than the government standard). The concentration of Cd and Pb decreased during rainy season because of dilution from rain water. The results of this study show that treatment of leachate is urgent to minimize the contamination of heavy metals and negative impact to human being. Constructed wetland could be considered as an appropriate treatment for effluent of leachate treatment plant at landfill

Occupational stress among male employees of esfahan steel company, Iran: Prevalence and associated factors

Background: Lack of data on occupational stress among Iranian industrial employees persuaded us to design and conduct this study to evaluate the prevalence and associated parameters of occupational stress among male employees of the Esfahan Steel Company (ESCO), one of the biggest industrial units in Iran. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 400 male employees were sampled from the operational divisions of the company. Socio-demographic data and stress-related variables were entered into a logistic regression to determine significant associated factors of occupational stress among the participants. Results: From all samples, 53 were found as stressful. A monthly salary of less than 600 (OR = 1.88, 95 confidence interval CI = 1.21-2.94), family-related problems (OR = 2.75, 95% CI = 1.22-6.21), work environment (OR = 3.09, 95% CI = 1.78-5.33) and having a second job (OR = 2.68, 95% CI = 1.78-6.78) were significantly associated with the outcome. Conclusions: Attention to some variables, especially economic problems and the work environment of employees, might play a protective role against the prevalence of occupational stress, not only among the employees of ESCO but also among all industrial employees in Iran

Earthquake risk in urban street network : an example from region 6 of Tehran, Iran

Dieser Beitrag ist mit Zustimmung des Rechteinhabers aufgrund einer (DFG geförderten) Allianz- bzw. Nationallizenz frei zugänglich.This publication is with permission of the rights owner freely accessible due to an Alliance licence and a national licence (funded by the DFG, German Research Foundation) respectively.Purpose – Zone 6 of Tehran, with a populations of 220,000 people (3.6 per cent of the city population) and 20 km2 area (3 per cent of the city area), is one of the main municipal zones of Tehran. Major land-uses, like ministries, embassies, universities, general hospitals and medical centers, big financial firms, and so on, manifest the high importance of this region on a local and national scale. Thus, it is necessary to pay close attention to issues concerning crisis management in this area. Design/methodology/approach – In this paper, by using indexes such as access to medical centers, street inclusion, building and population density, land-use, peak ground acceleration and building quality, vulnerability degree of street networks in zone 6 against the earthquake is calculated through overlaying maps and data in combination with inversion hierarchical weight process method and geographic information systems. Findings – This article concludes that buildings alongside the streets with high population and building density, low building quality, far to rescue centers and high level of inclusion represent high rate of vulnerability, compared with other buildings. Also, by moving from north to south of the zone, the vulnerability increases. Likewise, highways and streets with substantial width and low building and population density hold little values of vulnerability. Thus, streets with high level of inclusion, building and population density present further vulnerability. Originality/value – It is expected that the results of this paper be used by the urban decision-makers. Due to high vulnerability of most parts of the urban textures of Tehran, similar researches will have importance for preparation for the future possible earthquakes

Pertanggungjawaban Pidana Korporasi Dalam Tindak Pidana Pencucian Uang Menurut Undang-Undang Nomor 8 Tahun 2010 Tentang Pencegahan Dan Pemberantasan Tindak Pidana Pencucian Uang

Money laundering is a criminal offense which can cause a broad impact, especially in the field of economy. In addition to individuals, money laundering can also be done by the corporation. The purpose of this paper is first, to determine the forms of money laundering by corporations, secondly, to determine corporate criminal responsibility in the crime of money laundering in accordance with Law No. 8 of 2010 on the Prevention and Combating of Money Laundering.Writing this research uses normative law research that examines the legislation and the principles of law, namely Law No. 8 of 2010 on the Prevention and Combating Money Laundering and few regulations that exist in Indonesia, which refers to the Code OF THE Criminal Law. This research has a descriptive nature, which is a form of research that aims to create a picture of the problem. Source of data used is data sekunderyang consists of primary legal materials, secondary and tertiary. Datametode collection techniques literature studies or study documents such as books, magazines, journals and the legislation in force. Thus, this study has the relationship between the data contained either in the legislation or in the literature.From the research problem, there are two main things that can be inferred. First, the forms of money laundering by corporations is divided into three types, namely placement, pelapisandanpenggabungan. Second, the corporation can be sentenced to a basic form of criminal fines and additional penalty. If the penalty is not able to pay, then it can be replaced with the seizure of the property of the corporation and the corporation controlling personnel, and if insufficient, then the substitute imprisonment imposed fines against corporate control personnel. The first author\u27s suggestion, the performance of the law enforcement field should be done carefully and thoroughly so as to avoid loopholes for perpetrators to escape unpunished. Second, to succeed the money laundering law enforcement, law enforcement officers in each line must process the corporation if the corporation is involved in money laundering