Mathematical Approach for Effect of Growth on the Mechanical Stresses during Soft Tissues and Avascular Tumor

In this Paper, the mathematical model for the study of the distribution of mechanical stresses by the cells within the soft tissues and tumor tissue is discussed. To describe the impact of isotropic growth on the mechanical stresses based on the linear elasticity theory and to study the process of continuous growth. Constitutive law to describe a linearly elastic tumor with continuous volume growth is combined in the model. Two examples is discussed, First case, in one dimensional model of tumor growth in rectangular tube, The model is solved in terms of radial displacement and stresses. In the second case, the effect of isotropic growth during a compressible material is solved in terms of radial displacement and stresses. The implications of two examples and possible model developments are investigated. Comparisons are made with the results in the two cases and numerical results are given and illustrated graphically for each case considered

Mathematical Model for Problem of Stresses in ThermoMagneto-Piezoelectric Material

In this paper, an analytical solution for the stresses in a homogeneous, transversely isotropic, piezo-thermo-elastic material has investigated. The generalized theories of thermo-elasticity have used to investigate the problem. The surface subjected to thermally insulated or isothermal and electrically shorted boundary conditions. Finally, in order to illustrate the analytical development, numerical solution has carried out piezo - thermo-elastic material. The corresponding simulated results of various physical quantities such as displacements and stresses have presented graphically

Cone-beam tomographic analysis of canalis sinuosus accessory intraosseous canals in the maxilla

The aim of this study was to assess the frequency, location and width of accessory canals (AC) of canalis sinuosus (CS) using cone beam computed tomography and compare our findings with recent literature. Additionally, intraosseous canals (IOC) in the sinus wall other than the CS were noted. A retrospective analysis of 219 scans from our university department was conducted. The registered parameters were age, sex, location and width of canals. Group A consisted of 201 (85 males and 116 females) adults ranged from 19 to 99 years of age (mean age = 47.5 years). A total of 136 patients (67.6%) presented at least 1 AC, of which 55 cases showed a foramen width greater than 1 mm (27.4%). Group B had a sample size of 18 adolescents (7 males and 11 females) with a range of age from 7 to 18 years (mean age = 15.8 years). Eight cases (44.4%) presented at least one AC, of which only 3 had a foramen width greater than 1 mm (3.6%). ACs were found to occur predominantly at central incisors region (Group A) and the left lateral incisor and canine as well as the central incisors regions (Group B). Adolescents showed a lower prevalence of accessory canals compared to adults. These findings supplement earlier reports on the anatomical variations of the intraosseous vessel and nerve conduits of the maxilla. Surgical interventions in this area can be planned more precisely, taking into account the three-dimensional imaging, thus possibly protecting these sensitive structures

Bending and Buckling of FG-GRNC Laminated Plates via Quasi-3D Nonlocal Strain Gradient Theory

To improve the structural stiffness, strength and reduce the weight of nanoplate structure, functionally graded (FG) graphene-reinforced nanocomposite (GRNC) laminated plates are exploited in this paper. The bending and buckling behaviors of FG-GRNC laminated nanoplates are investigated by using novel quasi-3D hyperbolic higher order shear deformation plate theory in conjunction with modified continuum nonlocal strain gradient theory, which considered both length and material scale parameters. The modified model of Halpin–Tsai is employed to calculate the effective Young’s modulus of the GRNC plate along the thickness direction, and Poisson’s ratio and mass density are computed by using the rule of mixture. An analytical approach of the Galerkin method is developed to solve governing equilibrium equations of the GRNC nanoplate and obtain closed-form solutions for bending deflection, stress distributions and critical buckling loads. A detailed parametric analysis is carried out to highlight influences of length scale parameter (nonlocal), material scale parameter (gradient), distribution pattern, the GPL weight fraction, thickness stretching, geometry and size of GPLs, geometry of the plate and the total number of layers on the stresses, deformation and critical buckling loads. Some details are studied exclusively for the first time, such as stresses and nonlocality effect

Bending and Buckling of FG-GRNC Laminated Plates via Quasi-3D Nonlocal Strain Gradient Theory

To improve the structural stiffness, strength and reduce the weight of nanoplate structure, functionally graded (FG) graphene-reinforced nanocomposite (GRNC) laminated plates are exploited in this paper. The bending and buckling behaviors of FG-GRNC laminated nanoplates are investigated by using novel quasi-3D hyperbolic higher order shear deformation plate theory in conjunction with modified continuum nonlocal strain gradient theory, which considered both length and material scale parameters. The modified model of Halpin–Tsai is employed to calculate the effective Young’s modulus of the GRNC plate along the thickness direction, and Poisson’s ratio and mass density are computed by using the rule of mixture. An analytical approach of the Galerkin method is developed to solve governing equilibrium equations of the GRNC nanoplate and obtain closed-form solutions for bending deflection, stress distributions and critical buckling loads. A detailed parametric analysis is carried out to highlight influences of length scale parameter (nonlocal), material scale parameter (gradient), distribution pattern, the GPL weight fraction, thickness stretching, geometry and size of GPLs, geometry of the plate and the total number of layers on the stresses, deformation and critical buckling loads. Some details are studied exclusively for the first time, such as stresses and nonlocality effect

Exploring the Mangrove Fruit: From the Phytochemicals to Functional Food Development and the Current Progress in the Middle East

Nowadays, the logarithmic production of existing well-known food materials is unable to keep up with the demand caused by the exponential growth of the human population in terms of the equality of access to food materials. Famous local food materials with treasury properties such as mangrove fruits are an excellent source to be listed as emerging food candidates with ethnomedicinal properties. Thus, this study reviews the nutrition content of several edible mangrove fruits and the innovation to improve the fruit into a highly economic food product. Within the mangrove fruit, the levels of primary metabolites such as carbohydrates, protein, and fat are acceptable for daily intake. The mangrove fruits, seeds, and endophytic fungi are rich in phenolic compounds, limonoids, and their derivatives as the compounds present a multitude of bioactivities such as antimicrobial, anticancer, and antioxidant. In the intermediary process, the flour of mangrove fruit stands as a supplementation for the existing flour with antidiabetic or antioxidant properties. The mangrove fruit is successfully transformed into many processed food products. However, limited fruits from species such as Bruguiera gymnorrhiza, Rhizophora mucronata, Sonneratia caseolaris, and Avicennia marina are commonly upgraded into traditional food, though many more species demonstrate ethnomedicinal properties. In the Middle East, A. marina is the dominant species, and the study of the phytochemicals and fruit development is limited. Therefore, studies on the development of mangrove fruits to functional for other mangrove species are demanding. The locally accepted mangrove fruit is coveted as an alternate food material to support the sustainable development goal of eliminating world hunger in sustainable ways

A comprehensive study of Al-Cu-Mg system reinforced with nano-ZrO2 particles synthesized by powder metallurgy technique

Abstract More focus has recently been placed on enhancing the strength, elastic modulus, coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE), wear and corrosion resistance, and other qualities of aluminum (Al) alloys by varying the quantity of ceramics added for a range of industrial uses. In this regard, Al-4.2-Cu-1.6Mg matrix nanocomposites reinforced with nano-ZrO2 particles have been created using the powder metallurgy approach. The microstructure and particle size distributions of the produced powders were analyzed using a diffraction particle size analyzer, XRD, TEM, and SEM. To achieve good sinterability, the powders were compacted and sintered in argon. The sintered nanocomposites' mechanical, elastic, and physicochemical characteristics were measured. Additionally, the behavior of corrosion, wear, and thermal expansion were examined. The results showed a decrease in the particle sizes of the Al-Cu-Mg alloy by adding ZrO2 nanoparticles up to 45.8 nm for the composite containing 16 wt.% ZrO2. By increasing the sintering temperature to 570 °C, the densification of nanocomposites was enhanced. Also, the coefficient of thermal expansion and wear rate remarkably decreased by about 28 and 37.5% by adding 16 wt.% ZrO2. Moreover, microhardness yield, strength, and Young’s modulus were enhanced to 161, 145, and 64%, respectively, after adding 16 wt.% ZrO2. In addition, increasing the exposure time was responsible for decreasing the corrosion rate for the same sample