Exact and Heuristic Algorithms for the Carrier-Vehicle Traveling Salesman Problem

This paper presents new structural properties for the Carrier-Vehicle Traveling Salesman Problem. The authors provide a new mixed integer second order conic optimization formulation, with associated optimality cuts based on the structural properties, and an Iterated Local Search (ILS) algorithm. Computational experiments on instances from the literature demonstrate the superiority of the new formulation to the existing models and algorithms in the literature, and the high quality solutions found by the ILS algorithm

Ağ Değişimlerinde Optimal Yolun Bulunması

DergiPark: 245966trakyafbdBu çalışmada, yeni bir akıllı karınca tipi kullanılmaktadır ve onlar ağ değişimlerinde yeni optimal yolu bulmaya çalışmaktadırlar. Kendini klonlayan karınca kolonisi yaklaşımı optimal yolu bulmak için kullanılır. Bu yaklaşım, arama ve yönlendirme algoritmalarına odaklanarak tasarlanmıştır. Kendini klonlayan karıncalar kendilerini klonlayabilir ya da yok edebilirler. Bu karıncalar kaynak ve hedef düğüm arasındaki optimal yolu bulurlar. Bu çalışmada, gerçek bir ağ içerisinde, iki farklı ağ ortamı oluşturulmuştur ve bu farklı ağ ortamlarındaki iki yönlendirme tablosu bu yaklaşım kullanılarak güncellenmiştir.In this study, a new intelligent agent type which tries to find the new optimal path when the network changes is used. Self Cloning Ant Colony Approach is used to find the optimal path. The approach focusing on the search and routing algorithm has been developed. Self Cloning Ants can clone or destroy themselves. These ants find the optimal path between the source and destination node. In this study, in a real network, two different network environments have been created and two routing tables in these different network environments have been updated by using this approach

Comparative evaluation of shear bond strength of three flowable compomers on enamel of primary teeth: An in-vitro study

Background: The aim of the present study was to determine Shear bond strength (SBS) of different flowable compomers on the enamel surface of primary teeth. The null hypothesis to be tested was that none of the flowable compomer would differ significantly from the other two with respect to SBS. As a result, the tested materials that have the easiest application on child patient is preferred. Material and Methods: Sixty newly extracted non carious primary molars were selected. The buccal surface was cleaned and polished to obtain a flat enamel surface. The specimens were randomly divided into three groups of 20 teeth each, based on the flowable compomers applied, as follows: group I: Dyract Flow® (Dentsply, Konstanz, Germany); group II: Twinky Star Flow® (Voco, Cuxhaven, Germany); and group III: R&D Series Nova Compomer Flow® (Imicryl, Konya, Turkey). Results: SBS in group II (6.78± 0.45 MPa) were significantly lower than groups I and III (8.30 ± 0.29 and 8.43 ± 0.66 MPa, respectively) (P<.001). No significant difference was found between groups I and III (P<.05). Conclusions: Significant differences existed between the SBS of the groups. Therefore, the null hypothesis was rejected. Flowable compomers can provide adequate SBS with self-etching system at restoration of primary teeth. Thus, successful restorations in pediatric patients can be done in a practical way. © Medicina Oral S.L

Wet Cupping Therapy Improves the Parameters of Ventricular Repolarization

Background: Cupping therapy (CT) is an ancient medical treatment since antiquity and is used for the treatment of such various disease states as contagious diseases, chronic or acute inflammatory disease, and autoimmune disorders. Ventricular repolarization is represented by QT and corrected-QT (QTc) intervals from surface electrocardiography.Objectives: As novel repolarization parameters, Tpeak-toTend (Tp-Te) interval, and Tp-Te/QT and Tp-Te/ QTc ratios are suggested to correlate better with ventricular arrhythmia risk in various clinical conditions than sole QT and QTc intervals. In this study, we aimed to determine whether these parameters changed significantly after CT in healthy individuals.Methods: One hundred and twenty participants (57 women and 63 men; mean age: 49.0 +/- 13.0 years) participated in this study. ECGs strips were recorded 1 hour before and 1 hour after CT from each participant, and relevant ECG parameters were compared.Results: Tp-Te interval [69.51 +/- 11.54 msec vs 63.15 +/- 10.89 msec, p = 0.001], Tp-Te/QT ratio [0.191 +/- 0.030 vs 0.174 +/- 0.031, p = 0.002] and Tp-Te/QTc ratio [0.175 +/- 0.030 vs 0.159 +/- 0.026, p = 0.001] were found to be significantly decreased 1 hour after the procedure compared with the pre-procedure values. However, no statistically significant change was observed in mean heart rate, QT and QTc intervals, QT/ QRS and cQT/QRS, and frontal QRS/T angle after the procedure compared with the same parameters before the procedure (p > 0.05).Conclusions: In accordance with the results of our study, it is plausible to conclude that CT may exert cardioprotective effect. However, larger scale prospective studies are needed to support our findings. (c) 2020 Medical Association of Pharmacopuncture Institute, Publishing services by Elsevier B.V

Generalized integral type mappings on orthogonal metric spaces

This study is devoted to investigate the problem whether the existence and uniqueness of integral type contraction mappings on orthogonal metric spaces. At the end, we give an example to illustrative our main result

A rare case of juvenile-onset Behçet's disease: Fournier’s gangrene followed by intestinal involvement

Behçet's disease (BD) is a multisystemic, inflammatory disease with still unknown etiology and rarely seen in childhood. BD has worse prognosis in young, male patients. BD exacerbations may be triggered by viral, bacterial, and other undefined antigenic stimuli in genetically predisposed individuals. Fournier’s gangrene (FG) is a rapidly progressive, necrotizing fasciitis of the genital and perineal regions with high morbidity and mortality. FG is usually seen in immunocompromised patients and may be triggered by local factors such as trauma, trombosis, and vasculitis. Here, we present a adolescent, male patient with juvenile-onset BD who developed FG and afterwards entero-Behçet. This unique assocation without any other underlying immunocompromised condition is discussed.Keywords: Behçet's disease, colitis, Fournier’s gangrene, juvenile onse

Artvin-Kafkasör mevkiinde gençlik sahası ve yaşlı orman alanının bitki, toprak ve kuş faunası özellikleri bakımından karşılaştırılması

Bu çalışmada Artvin Orman Bölge Müdürlüğü sınırları içerisindeki Kafkasör mevkiinde ladin meşcerelerinde yapılan tıraşlama kesiminden sonra, alana doğal olarak gelen ve yapay olarak yapraklı türlerle gençleştirilen alanlardaki bitki türlerinin değişimi, bazı toprak özelliklerinin belirlenmesi, bu alanlardaki kuş türlerinin tespiti ve tüm bu özelliklerin yaşlı orman alanı ile karşılaştırılması amaçlanmıştır. Çalışma sahalarında floristik yöntem uygulanarak alanın florası, açılan toprak profillerinden toprak örnekleri alınarak bazı fiziksel, hidrofiziksel ve kimyasal toprak özellikleri, rasgele seçilen noktalarda beklenerek kayıt tutmak metodu ile de avifaunası tespit edilmiştir. Traşlamayla oluşturulmuş gençlik sahasında saptanan bazı bitki türleri; Castanea sativa Mill., Carpinus betulus L., Coryllus avellana L., Fagus orientalis Lipsky., İlex aquifolium L., Rhododendron ponticum L., Rosa spp. ve yer yer Picea orientalis (L) Link.’tir. Alanda ayrıca çok az miktarda Pinus sylvestris L. bulunmaktadır. Yakınında bulunan doğal alanda ise özellikle iğne yapraklı türlerden Picea orientalis (L) Link., Abies nordmanniana (Stev.) Spach. ssp. nordmanniana ve Pinus sylvestris L. karışımından oluşan ormanlık alanlar yer almaktadır. Toprak özellikleri bakımından da her iki alanın tekstürü, ince kısım, iskelet içeriği, kök miktarı, geçirgenliği, maksimum su tutma kapasitesi, hacim ağırlığı, pH’sı ve organik madde içeriği belirlenerek bir karşılaştırma yapılmıştır. Seçilen bu noktalarda avifaunanın tespiti için her birinde hem zamandan hem de efordan tasarruf etmek amacıyla 10’ar dakika beklenilerek kayıt tutulmuş ve ardından bir sonraki gözlem noktasına geçilmiştir. Avifauna gözlemlerinde ağırlıklı olarak ötücü kuşlar tespit edilmiştir.This study was conducted in a clear-cut site and adjacent spruce stands. Both sites were compared in terms of plant diversity soil properties and avifauna. Plant species were determined randomly. Soil samples were taken by digging soil pits in both sites. Bird species number were determined by point-count observations. Plant species in clear-cut area were: Castanea sativa Mill., Carpinus betulus L., Coryllus avellana L., Fagus orientalis Lipsky., İlex aquifolium L., Rhododendron ponticum L., Rosa spp., Pinus sylvestris L. and Picea orientalis (L) Link. Plant species in adjacent spruce stands were Picea orientalis (L) Link., Abies nordmanniana (Stev.) Spach. ssp. nordmanniana and Pinus sylvestris L. Soils of both sites were compared in terms of water holding capacity, soil permeability, texture, pH, coarse fragment, bulk density, organic matter, root percentage. The number of bird species was higher in spruce stands than in clear-cut area

Preservice Teachers' Beliefs, Attitudes, and Motivation about Technology Integration

The Theory of Planned Behavior was used as a framework, along with Self-Determination Theory, to examine preservice teachers' motivation to include technology in their future teaching. We modified instruments to measure theoretical constructs to be applied to plans for the use of technology. Measured were: perceived behavioral control, attitudes toward technology use, perceived social norms, intrinsic and extrinsic motivation and amotivation. One hundred and fourteen preservice teachers completed the instrumentation and 67 completed a pre/post activity and reflective task concerning their attitudes and beliefs on technology, technology integration, and its role in the classroom. The best single predictor of both intrinsic and extrinsic motivation was positive attitudes toward technology use. For amotivation, the best predictors were negative attitudes toward technology use and negative social norms. The pre-post activity demonstrated that participants struggled to design meaningful technology integration activities.Yeshttps://us.sagepub.com/en-us/nam/manuscript-submission-guideline