Attitude of doctors of different ages and specialties to vaccination. their awareness in this issue

The article presents an analysis of the results of a questionnaire survey of existing doctors of medical institutions in the city of Yekaterinburg and the Sverdlovsk region on vaccination. The level of knowledge of the main documents related to vaccination was analyzed at the subjective and objective levels. It was revealed that the subjective assessment of their own knowledge among a significant part of the respondents does not coincide with the real ideas about vaccination. The similarities and differences in the self-assessment of knowledge and attitudes towards vaccination of doctors of various ages and specialties are considered.В статье представлен анализ результатов анкетирования действующих врачей лечебно-профилактических учреждений города Екатеринбург и Свердловской области о вакцинопрофилактике. Проанализирован уровень знания основных документов, касающихся вакцинации, на субъективном и объективном уровнях. Выявлено, что субъективная оценка собственных знаний у значительной части респондентов не совпадает с реальными представлениями о вакцинации. Рассмотрены сходства и различия в самооценке знаний и отношения к вакцинации врачей различных возрастов и специальностей

Comparative characteristics of medium-heavy forms of noravirus and rotavirus gastroenteritis in children

The article presents the results of a comparative clinical and laboratory analysis of noravirus and rotavirus gastroenteritis. The relationship between the degree of dehydration identified by clinical signs and its laboratory manifestations is analyzed. It has been established that clinical and laboratory signs of dehydration are more severe in patients with rotavirus infection, however, the possibility of acute renal failure due to dehydration is higher in patients with noravirus gastroenteritis.В статье представлены результаты сравнительного клинико-лабораторного анализа норовирусного и ротавирусного гастроэнтерита.Проанализирована связь между степенью дегидратации, выявленной по клиническим признакам, и её лабораторными проявлениями. Установлено, что клинические и лабораторные признаки дегидратации более выражены у пациентов с ротавирусной инфекцией, однако возможность возникновения острой почечной недостаточности на фоне дегидратации выше у пациентов с норовирусным гастроэнтерито

Chronic Methamphetamine Administration Causes Differential Regulation of Transcription Factors in the Rat Midbrain

Methamphetamine (METH) is an addictive and neurotoxic psychostimulant widely abused in the USA and throughout the world. When administered in large doses, METH can cause depletion of striatal dopamine terminals, with preservation of midbrain dopaminergic neurons. Because alterations in the expression of transcription factors that regulate the development of dopaminergic neurons might be involved in protecting these neurons after toxic insults, we tested the possibility that their expression might be affected by toxic doses of METH in the adult brain. Male Sprague-Dawley rats pretreated with saline or increasing doses of METH were challenged with toxic doses of the drug and euthanized two weeks later. Animals that received toxic METH challenges showed decreases in dopamine levels and reductions in tyrosine hydroxylase protein concentration in the striatum. METH pretreatment protected against loss of striatal dopamine and tyrosine hydroxylase. In contrast, METH challenges caused decreases in dopamine transporters in both saline- and METH-pretreated animals. Interestingly, METH challenges elicited increases in dopamine transporter mRNA levels in the midbrain in the presence but not in the absence of METH pretreatment. Moreover, toxic METH doses caused decreases in the expression of the dopamine developmental factors, Shh, Lmx1b, and Nurr1, but not in the levels of Otx2 and Pitx3, in saline-pretreated rats. METH pretreatment followed by METH challenges also decreased Nurr1 but increased Otx2 and Pitx3 expression in the midbrain. These findings suggest that, in adult animals, toxic doses of METH can differentially influence the expression of transcription factors involved in the developmental regulation of dopamine neurons. The combined increases in Otx2 and Pitx3 expression after METH preconditioning might represent, in part, some of the mechanisms that served to protect against METH-induced striatal dopamine depletion observed after METH preconditioning

Features of sexuality in women with autodestructive behavior and attitudes towards themselves and others

The purpose of the study is to identify the features of sexuality characteristic of women with self-destructive behavior in the specifics of the attitude towards themselves and the significant environment.Цель исследования – выявить особенности сексуальности, характерные для женщин с аутодеструктивным саморазрушительным поведением в специфике отношения к себе и значимому окружению

Clinical case of mixed facultative anaerobic infectious disease

This study reviewed the clinical case and therapy of mixed facultative anaerobic infectious disease. The treatment of the patient was implemented on three bases: State Budgetary Institution of Healthcare «General Hospital» of Anapa, State Autonomous Institution «City clinical hospital №40», Russian scientific centre «Resusitative traumatology and orthopaedics» named after academician Ilizarov.В статье рассмотрен клинический случай и тактика лечения факультативно-анаэробной инфекции смешанной этиологии. Лечение пациента проводилось на базе трех лечебных учреждений: МБУЗ «Многопрофильная больница г-к Анапа»; МАУ «Городская клиническая больница №40», Российский научный центр “Восстановительная травматология и ортопедия” им. академика Г. А. Илизаров

Two-stage evolution of mantle peridotites from the Stalemate Fracture Zone, northwestern Pacific

This paper reports the results of a mineralogical study of 14 mantle peridotite samples dredged in 2009 from the eastern slope of the northwestern segment of the Stalemate Ridge in the northwestern Pacific during cruise SO201-KALMAR Leg 1b of the R/V Sonne. The sample collection included four serpentinized and silicified dunites and ten variably serpentinized lherzolites. The compositions of primary minerals (clinopyroxene, orthopyroxene, and spinel) change systematically from the lherzolites to dunites. Spinel from the lherzolites shows higher Mg# and lower Cr# values (0.65-0.68 and 0.26-0.33, respectively) compared with spinel from the dunites (Mg# = 0.56-0.64 and Cr# = 0.38-0.43). Clinopyroxene from the lherzolites is less magnesian (Mg# = 91.7-92.4) than clinopyroxene from dunite sample DR37-3 (Mg# = 93.7). Based on the obtained data, it was concluded that the lherzolites of the Stalemate Fracture Zone were derived by 10-12% near-fractional melting of a DMM-type depleted mantle reservoir beneath the Kula-Pacific spreading center. The dunites were produced by interaction of residual lherzolites with sodium- and titaniumrich melt and are probably fragments of a network of dunite channels in the shallow mantle. The moderately depleted composition of minerals clearly distinguishes the lherzolites from the strongly depleted peridotites of the East Pacific Rise and indicates the existence of slow-spreading mid-ocean ridges in the Pacific Ocean during the Cretaceous-Paleogene

Dress syndrome: a clinical case in the practice of an infectionist

The purpose of the study is to demonstrate a rare clinical case of drug intolerance in a child from the practice of a doctor in the infectious diseases department of the Children's City Clinical Hospital №9.Цель исследования — продемонстрировать редкий клинический случай лекарственной непереносимости у ребенка из практики врача инфекционного отделения

НОРОВИРУСНАЯ ИНФЕКЦИЯ (ОБЗОР ЛИТЕРАТУРЫ)

The share of norovirus infection is 17–20% of all cases of acute gastroenteritis in the world. The dominant II genogroup of noroviruses is characterized by rapid variability. The new recombinant norovirus GII.P16-GII.2 caused a sharp increase in the incidence of gastroenteritis in Asian and European countries during the winter season 2016–2017. The epidemiological features of norovirus infection are long-term excretion of the pathogen from the body of patients and carriers of viruses, especially in persons with immunosuppression; the implementation of various transmission routes (food, water, contact, aerosol), high contagiosity, winter seasonality in the countries of the northern hemisphere. In recent years, two human systems for the cultivation of noroviruses in vitro have been created, a double tropism of noroviruses has been established for immune cells and epithelial cells of the intestine, and the life cycle of noroviruses has been studied. The microbiota and its members can be either protective or stimulating for norovirus infection. Lactobacillus may play a protective role against norovirus infection. The existence of chronic norovirus infection lasting from several months to several years is proved, especially in patients with immunodeficiency. Severe form of norovirus infection and deaths are more often recorded in young children, the elderly, patients with comorbidity and immunocompromised individuals. The clinical picture of norovirus gastroenteritis is similar in many respects to other viral gastroenteritis, which determines the need for laboratory verification of the diagnosis. The polymerase chain reaction method with reverse transcription is the most widely used in the world for diagnosing infection in patients and for detecting the virus in food and environmental objects. There are still no approved vaccines and antiviral drugs against this infection. Recommended therapeutic interventions include, along with rehydration with hypoosmolar solutions, the administration of specific probiotics such as Lactobacillus GG or Saccharomyces boulardii, diosmectit and racecadotril.Доля норовирусной инфекции составляет 17–20% всех случаев острого гастроэнтерита в мире. Доминирующая II геногруппа норовирусов характеризуется быстрой изменчивостью. Новый рекомбинантный норовирус GII.P16-GII.2 вызвал резкий рост случаев гастроэнтерита в странах Азии и Европы в зимний сезон 2016–2017 гг. Эпидемиологическими особенностями норовирусной инфекции являются длительное выделение возбудителя из организма больных и вирусовыделителей, особенно у лиц с иммуносупрессией, реализация различных путей передачи (пищевого, водного, контактно-бытового, аэрозольного), высокая контагиозность, зимняя сезонность в странах северного полушария. В последние годы созданы две человеческие системы для культивирования норовирусов in vitro, установлен двойной тропизм норовирусов к иммунным клеткам и эпителиальным клеткам кишечника, изучается жизненный цикл норовирусов. Микробиота и ее члены могут быть либо протективными, либо стимулирующими для норовирусной инфекции. Lactobacillus могут играть защитную роль против норовирусной инфекции. Доказано существование хронической норовирусной инфекции длительностью от нескольких месяцев до нескольких лет, особенно у пациентов с иммунодефицитом. Тяжелая форма норовирусной инфекции и летальные исходы чаще регистрируются у детей младшего возраста, пожилых, пациентов с коморбидностью и иммунокомпроментированных лиц. Клиническая картина норовирусного гастроэнтерита во многом сходна с другими вирусными гастроэнтеритами, что определяет необходимость лабораторной верификации диагноза. Метод полимеразной цепной реакции с обратной транскрипцией получил наибольшее распространение в мире для диагностики инфекции у пациентов и для обнаружения вируса в пищевых продуктах и объектах окружающей среды. До сих пор нет одобренных вакцин и антивирусных препаратов против этой инфекции. Рекомендуемые терапевтические вмешательства, наряду с регидратацией гипоосмолярными растворами, включают назначение специфических пробиотиков, таких как Lactobacillus GG или Saccharomyces boulardii, диосмектит и рацекадотрил.

Analysis of Lyme-borreliosis disease for 2020-2021 in Yekaterinburg

The aim of the study - to identify clinical and laboratory features in children with Lyme borreliosis in the Sverdlovsk region for 2020-2021Цель исследования - выявить клинические и лабораторные особенности у детей с Лайм-боррелиозом в Свердловской области за 2020-2021 г