Matroidal and Lattices Structures of Rough Sets and Some of Their Topological Characterizations

Matroids, rough set theory and lattices are efficient tools of knowledge discovery. Lattices and matroids are studied on preapproximations spaces. Li et al. proved that a lattice is Boolean if it is clopen set lattice for matroids. In our study, a lattice is Boolean if it is closed for matroids. Moreover, a topological lattice is discussed using its matroidal structure. Atoms in a complete atomic Boolean lattice are completely determined through its topological structure. Finally, a necessary and sufficient condition for a predefinable set is proved in preapproximation spaces. The value k for a predefinable set in lattice of matroidal closed sets is determined

Matroidal and Lattices Structures of Rough Sets and Some of Their Topological Characterizations

Matroids, rough set theory and lattices are efficient tools of knowledge discovery. Lattices and matroids are studied on preapproximations spaces. Li et al. proved that a lattice is Boolean if it is clopen set lattice for matroids. In our study, a lattice is Boolean if it is closed for matroids. Moreover, a topological lattice is discussed using its matroidal structure. Atoms in a complete atomic Boolean lattice are completely determined through its topological structure. Finally, a necessary and sufficient condition for a predefinable set is proved in preapproximation spaces. The value k for a predefinable set in lattice of matroidal closed sets is determined

The Effects of Learners' Verbal and Visual Cognitive Styles on Instruction Selection

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Impact of a Learner’s Personality on the Selection of the Next Learning Activity

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Affective State for Learning Activities Selection

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Application of Vegetable Bark Extract as Alternative Retanning Agent for Leather Processing

Content: The retanning process is considered as one of the most important processes in leather making, and it plays an important role in the modern leather industry. The fibre structure of hide or skin is not uniform and the retanning agent improves the properties of leather by filling the empty part of wet-blue leather. It could contribute to further stabilization of collagen fibres and give better handle properties to leather such as fullness and elasticity. In a conventional leather retanning process, retanning materials used include both inorganic salt like basic chromium salt, zirconium salt and aluminum salt and organic materials such as vegetable tanning agent, synthetic tanning agent, resin retanning and aldehyde tanning agent. Extract from the barks of Acacia seyal (Talh bark), widely distributed in Sudan, has been evaluated for its utilization in the retanning of the leather and presented in this paper. Barks of talh have been extracted for 1 hour with distilled water (1:10 w/v) at temperature above 80˚C. The talh extract prepared has been used for the retanning of wet blue leathers. The effectiveness of talh extract in retanning of wet blue leathers has been compared with mimosa retanning. The organoleptic properties of the leathers viz. softness, fullness, grain smoothness, grain tightness (break), general appearance, uniformity of dyeing of talh retanned leather have been evaluated in comparison with mimosa retanned leathers. Talh retanning resulted in leathers with good grain tightness. Dyeing characteristics of talh retanned leathers have been found to be better than mimosa retanned leathers. Also physical strength characteristic and shrinkage temperature and economic viability were noted. The effluent arising from this retanning system has been analyzed for its environmental impact. Take-Away: Organoleptic properties physical strength characteristic Shrinkage temperatur

Digital Twins Approaches and Methods Review

© 2023 IEEE. Personal use of this material is permitted. Permission from IEEE must be obtained for all other uses, in any current or future media, including reprinting/republishing this material for advertising or promotional purposes, creating new collective works, for resale or redistribution to servers or lists, or reuse of any copyrighted component of this work in other works. This is the accepted manuscript version of a conference paper which has been published in final form at https://doi.org/10.1109/ITC-Egypt58155.2023.10206196This paper investigates the recent advances in Digital Twin technologies. The aim is to compare the approaches, available open source and proprietary technologies and methods, their features, and their integration capabilities. The motivation is to enable better design decisions based on the available literature and case studies. Various tools for 3D reconstruction and visualisation, IoT and sensor integration, Physical simulations and other complete platforms provide complete solutions. A conclusion of current challenges and future work identified that the lack of standardisation and interoperability makes the lifetime of a digital twin short, with a high cost and time to build and rebuild if required

Metabolic Syndrome and Cardiovascular Risk Factors in Obese Adolescent

BACKGROUND: Childhood and adolescent obesity is associated with insulin resistance, abnormal glucose metabolism, hypertension, dyslipidemia, inflammation, liver disease, and compromised vascular function. The purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence of cardiovascular risk factor abnormalities and metabolic syndrome in a sample of obese adolescent as prevalence data might be helpful in improving engagement with obesity treatment in future. The high blood lipid levels and obesity are the main risk factors for cardio vascular diseases. Atherosclerotic process begins in childhood.AIM: This study aimed to investigate the relationship between obesity in adolescent and their blood lipids levels and blood glucose level.METHODS: This study was conducted with 100 adolescents of both gender age 12-17 years and body mass index (BMI) greater than 95th percentiles and 100 normal adolescents as control group. The blood samples were collected from all adolescents after overnight fasting (10 hours) to analyze blood lipids (Total cholesterol, high density lipoprotein, low density lipoprotein) and hematological profile (Hemoglobin, platelets and red blood cell, C reactive protein and fasting blood glucose.RESULTS: There were statistical difference between the two groups for red blood cells (P<0.001), Hemoglobin (P < 0.001) and platelets (P = 0.002), CRP (P = 0.02). Positive correlation was found between the two groups as regards total cholesterol (P = 0.0001), P value was positive for HDL (P = 0.005 and Atherogenic index P value was positive (P = 0.002). Positive correlation was found between the two group as regards fasting blood glucose (P = 0.001).CONCLUSION:  Saturated fat was associated with elevated lipid levels in obese children. These results reinforce the importance of healthy dietary habits since child-hood in order to reduce the risks of cardiovascular diseases in adulthood

Modelling the potential effectiveness of hepatitis C screening and treatment strategies during pregnancy in Egypt and Ukraine

BACKGROUND & AIMS: Hepatitis C (HCV) test and treat campaigns currently excludes pregnant women. Pregnancy offers a unique opportunity for HCV screening and to potentially initiate direct-acting-antiviral treatment. We explored HCV screening and treatment strategies in two lower middle-income countries with high HCV prevalence, Egypt and Ukraine. METHODS: Country-specific probabilistic decision models were developed to simulate a cohort of pregnant women. We compared five strategies: S0, targeted risk-based screening and deferred treatment (DT) to after pregnancy/breastfeeding; S1, WHO risk-based screening and DT; S2, WHO risk-based screening and targeted treatment (treat women with risk factors for HCV vertical transmission (VT)); S3, universal screening and targeted treatment during pregnancy; S4, universal screening and treatment. Maternal and infant HCV outcomes were projected. RESULTS: S0 resulted in the highest proportion of women undiagnosed:59% and 20% in Egypt and Ukraine, respectively, with 0% maternal cure by delivery and VT estimated at 6.5% and 7.9%, respectively. WHO risk-based screening and DT (S1) increased the proportion of women diagnosed with no change in maternal cure or VT. Universal screening and treatment during pregnancy (S4) resulted in the highest proportion of women diagnosed and cured by delivery (65% and 70% respectively), and lower levels of VT (3.4% and 3.6% respectively). CONCLUSIONS: This is one of the first models to explore HCV screening and treatment strategies in pregnancy, which will be critical in informing future care and policy as more safety/efficacy data emerge. Universal screening and treatment in pregnancy could potentially improve both maternal and infant outcomes. IMPACT AND IMPLICATIONS: In the context of two lower middle-income countries with high HCV burden (Egypt and Ukraine), we designed a decision analytic model to explore five different HCV testing and treatment strategies for pregnant women, with the assumption that treatment was safe and efficacious for use in pregnancy. Assuming DAAs in pregnancy reduced vertical transmission, model findings indicate optimal maternal and infant benefits with provision of universal (rather than risk-based targeted) screening and treatment during pregnancy: the proportion of women diagnosed and cured by delivery would be 65% in Egypt and 70% in Ukraine (versus 0% with standard of care), and the proportion of infants that would be infected at the age of 6 months would decrease from 6.5% to 3.4% in Egypt, and from 7.9% to 3.6% in Ukraine, compared to standard of care. While future trials are needed to assess safety and efficacy of DAA treatment in pregnancy and impact on VT, there is increasing recognition that the elimination of HCV cannot leave entire subpopulations of pregnant women and young children behind. Our findings will be critical in informing policymakers in improving screening and treatment recommendations for pregnant women

25-Hydroxy Vitamin D, Adiponectin Levels and Cardiometabolic Risk Factors in a Sample of Obese Children

BACKGROUND: Association between vitamin D, adiponectin and obesity is a matter of debate, as they play important role in linking obesity with different cardio metabolic risk factors.AIM: Evaluation of association between metabolic risk factors with both adiponectin and 25-Hydroxy vitamin D [25(OH) D] levels and that between adiponectin and [25(OH) D] among obese Egyptian children.SUBJECTS AND METHODS: This case-control cross sectional study consisted of 65 obese and 30 healthy children, aged 8-11 years. 25(OH) D, serum adiponectin, total cholesterol, triglycerides, high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol were measured.RESULTS: The mean 25(OH)D and adiponectin levels in the obese were lower than that in control group (ð‘ƒ<0.000). 25(OH)D were inversely correlated with body mass index, triglyceride, total cholesterol and LDL-cholesterol. While adiponectin level were inversely correlated with systolic and diastolic blood pressure, and positively correlated with high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol. However, there is no relation between 25(OH) D and adiponectin levels among obese children and total sample.CONCLUSION: Inspite of strong association between vitamin D and adiponectin levels with metabolic risk factors and obesity, there is no relation between 25(OH)D and adiponectin levels. In obese children, There are significant negative correlations between 25(OH)D with lipid profile, and between adiponectin levels with blood pressure