OXIDATIVE STRESS AND MALE FERTILITY: MODERN VIEW ON THE PROBLEM

Presently, the expressed tendency to deterioration in parameters of semen is noted in the world, at the same time both the quantity of spermatozoa, and their functional properties decrease. The spermatogenesis is a difficult, extremely sensible process of cellular differentiation; the different systems of organism participate in its adjusting. Violations in any links affect the process of spermatogenesis, and finally, affects parameters of semen. This systematic review of the literature analyses recent publications concerning studies of oxidative stress influencing male fertility. The oxidative stress - the very widespread version of pathology, which accompanies and/or is one of key mechanisms in development of many types of reproductive disorders in men. There are three main mechanisms of impaired fertile function of men in the development of oxidative stress: reducing sperm motility, violation of ability of spermatozoa to penetrate into oocyte and spermatozoa DNA damage. The factors promoting its development are numerous: environmental pollution, life style, addictions, stress, diabetes, and varicocele; however, the most frequent reason of development of oxidative stress in reproductive system of men are infectious and inflammatory diseases and antispermal autoimmune processes in a man's urogenital tract. Considering possible participation of free-radical processes in patospermia development, it is worthwhile to use antioxidants in all cases of the man's infertility connected with oxidative stress

Neurogenic Bladder Dysfunction in Cancer Patients after Operations on the Pelvic Organs

The review is devoted to the generalization and analysis of domestic and foreign works describing the mechanism of development of neurogenic dysfunction of the bladder after surgery on the pelvic organs in cancer patients. All modern authors agree that the cause of these disorders is trauma of the pelvic nerves and interruption of the reflex arc. Unfortunately, when removing malignant tumors of the pelvic organs, urological complications are difficult and often impossible to avoid. This is due to the complex neuroanatomy of the bladder, its proximity to the rectum, the uterus, as well as the volume and radicality of cancer operations. The article shows that if the parasympathetic ganglia are damaged, there is a violation of the evacuation function of the bladder and a weakening or absence of the urge to urinate. If the sympathetic nervous system is damaged in isolation, on the contrary, an increase in the detrusor tone, intravesical pressure and a decrease in the capacity of the bladder is observed, which is in conditions of low bladder sphincter tone causes imperative urges, frequent urination and incontinence. Prior radiation therapy also affects the development of urological complications. Postradiated soft tissue changes, ischemia, fibrosis lead to great technical difficulties during surgery. In addition, factors that are important in the development of pelvic disorders in this category of patients include urinary system diseases and metabolic – endocrine disorders in case history

Educational Planning in Context of Yakut, Kalmyk, and Karelian Languages

This article examines one component of language planning — educational planning. The main elements and indicators of this type of planning were identified. The authors discuss issues related to educational planning in three republics of the Russian Federation. The study was conducted based on the materials of the Kalmyk, Karelian, and Yakut languages. The aim of the research was to analyze educational planning as a set of existing opportunities for language learning. One of the objectives was to determine the scope and directions of activity in educational language planning. The second objective was to provide an overview of educational planning based on the materials of the Karelian, Kalmyk, and Yakut languages in synchrony and diachrony. The third objective was to analyze educational language planning according to our identified criteria and clarify the prestige of languages in the perception of speakers as a motivational factor for their study. To achieve this, the results of field research conducted in the three republics in 2021-2022 were analyzed. As a result of the study, it was concluded that the ethnic self-awareness of respondents is at a high level, and the symbolic significance of national languages is significant. However, there is a tendency towards a decrease in the number of individuals interested in studying their native (national) language in school education

Fuzzy model of air dust concentration in Kyiv for PM2.5 AND PM10

Authors presents the fuzzy model of air dust concentration. The dust model allows the application of algorithms and methods of artificial intelligence. The authors have made a brief overview of simulation of dust emission in different countries and regions. Previously, fuzzy logic models were not enough use in these studies. However, these models are widely used in medicine. The authors hope that their modest contribution to fuzzy modelling of environmental problems will attract the attention of other researchers. In this work, we used the results of measurements that carried out at the meteorological stations in Kyiv. The authors’ fuzzy model makes it possible to simulation into account two channels for measuring dust: PM2.5 and PM10. It was found that in the Mamdani algorithm it is necessary to apply the “or” logic. This makes it possible to increase the influence of each channel on the negative assessment of the environment. The Mamdani algorithm in the “and” logic does not give strict restrictions on the concentration of dust in the atmospheric air for each of the measuring channels (PM2.5 and PM10) separately

FREQUENCY OF INFLAMMATORY DESEASES OF UROGENITAL REGION IN MEN WITH CHRONIC TRICHOMONIASIS INFECTION AND PATHOSPERMIA

The article presents results of the examination of 39 males with chronic trichomoniasis. Revealed a high frequency of inflammatory diseases of urogenital region: in 72 % of cases was detected chronic prostatitis, in 5 % of cases — epididymitis, in 2,5 % of cases — vesiculitis. In 62 % of men with chronic trichomoniasis was detected patospermia. This results evidence suggests a possible participation of Trichomonas vaginalis in the development inflammatory diseases of urogenital region and disorder of reproductive function of men

Interstitial cystitis or bladder pain syndrome: a modern view of a problem

The review of domestic and foreign literary sources for 2002-2014 made it possible to deepen into the problem of interstitial cystitis and put together different points of view and also to systematize the store of knowledge. Interstitial cystitis is a complex disease with marked clinical manifestation and defeat of urinary bladder with varying severity. For the purpose of diagnostics and treatment optimization of the disease in point in the review they presented the criteria whose existence will make it possible to make the diagnosis of interstitial cystitis. The multifactorial etiology of the disease requires the multiplane causal and pathogenetic therapy but more often empirical and symptomatic In the article describe the algorithm of treatment of patients with the diagnosis of interstitial cystitis

Bounded Temporal Fairness for FIFO Financial Markets

Financial exchange operators cater to the needs of their users while simultaneously ensuring compliance with the financial regulations. In this work, we focus on the operators' commitment for fair treatment of all competing participants. We first discuss unbounded temporal fairness and then investigate its implementation and infrastructure requirements for exchanges. We find that these requirements can be fully met only under ideal conditions and argue that unbounded fairness in FIFO markets is unrealistic. To further support this claim, we analyse several real-world incidents and show that subtle implementation inefficiencies and technical optimizations suffice to give unfair advantages to a minority of the participants. We finally introduce, {\epsilon}-fairness, a bounded definition of temporal fairness and discuss how it can be combined with non-continuous market designs to provide equal participant treatment with minimum divergence from the existing market operation

Tunka Advanced Instrument for cosmic rays and Gamma Astronomy

The paper is a script of a lecture given at the ISAPP-Baikal summer school in 2018. The lecture gives an overview of the Tunka Advanced Instrument for cosmic rays and Gamma Astronomy (TAIGA) facility including historical introduction, description of existing and future setups, and outreach and open data activities.Comment: Lectures given at the ISAPP-Baikal Summer School 2018: Exploring the Universe through multiple messengers, 12-21 July 2018, Bol'shie Koty, Russi

The global prevalence of Huntington’s disease: a systematic review and discussion

The ascertained prevalence of Huntington's disease (HD) increased significantly following the provision of diagnostic testing. A systematic review was conducted to estimate the prevalence of HD in the post-diagnostic testing era. Twenty-two studies with original data pertaining to the prevalence of HD (1993–2015) were included and analyzed. A global meta-analysis was not performed due to heterogeneity in study methods and geographical variation. The prevalence of HD is significantly lower in Asian populations compared with western Europe, North America and Australia. The global variation in HD prevalence is partly explained by the average CAG repeat lengths and frequency of different HTT gene haplotypes in the general population. Understanding the prevalence of HD has significant implications for healthcare resource planning