Fluidity speech formation as a qualitative characteristic of the oral statement of preschool age children with stutter

The research objective is to disclose the subject matter of speech therapy work focused on fluidity speech formation of preschool age children, suffering stutter. Stutter is a difficult disorder of articulation organs suchthat the tempo-rhythmical organisation of statements is distressed that leads to defects and failures of dialogue system, negatively influences on individual development of the child; more specifically it generates the mental stratifications, specific features of emotional-volitional sphere, and causes undesirable qualities ofcharacter such as shyness, indecision, isolation, negativism. The author notes that the problem of early stutter correction among junior preschool-aged children considered as topical and immediate issue. Methods. Concerning the clinical, physiological, psychological and psychologic-pedagogical positions, the author summarizes theoretical framework; an experimentally-practical approbation of an author's method of speech fluidity and stutter abolition of preschool children is described. Stage-by-stage process of correction,spontaneous and non-convulsive speech formation: 1. restraint mode application in order to decrease incorrect verbal output; 2. training exercises to long phonatory and speech expiration; 3. development of coordination and movements rhythm helping to pronounce words and phrases; 4. formation of situational speech, at first consisted of short sentences, then passing to long ones; 5. training to coherent text statements. The research demonstrates data analyses of postexperimental diagnostic examination of stuttering preschool children, proving the efficiency of the author’s applied method. Scientific novelty. The research findings demonstrate a specific approach to correction and stutter abolition of preschool children. Proposed author’s approach consists of complementary to each other directions of speech therapy work which are combines in the following way: coherent speech formation corresponding to age norms; the assistance in development of lexical and grammatical means of language; development of communicative skills. Practical significance. The identified methodological recommendations while correction-pedagogical process can be used for formation of communicative children readiness to school training and gaining experience of positive interaction with people around them. Timely measures aimed at speech acquisition of stuttering preschool children can warn possible deviations in mental development and prevent many difficulties due to their social adaptation. It is especially underlined that the guarantee of successful speech therapy work on stutter correction should be aimed at active interaction of experts with teachers of preschool educational institutions and parentsЦель данной статьи – раскрыть содержание логопедической работы по формированию плавной речи детей, страдающих заиканием. Заикание – это сложное расстройство речевого аппарата, при котором нарушается темпо-ритмическая организация высказываний, что приводит к дефектам и сбоям системы общения, отрицательно влияет на развитие личности ребенка: порождает психические наслоения, специфические особенности эмоционально-волевой сферы и обусловливает появление нежелательных качеств характера – застенчивости, нерешительности, замкнутости, негативизма. Поэтому проблема ранней коррекции заикания у детей младшего дошкольного возраста является крайне актуальной. Методика и результаты работы. С клинических, физиологических, психологических и психолого-педагогических позиций дается теоретическое обоснование и описывается экспериментально-практическая апробация авторской методики развития плавного говорения и устранения заикания у дошкольников. Показан поэтапный процесс формирования правильной, свободной, бессудорожной речи: 1) введение режима ее ограничения с целью сокращения неверной вербальной продукции; 2) обучение навыку длительных фонационных и речевых выдохов; 3) развитие координации и ритмизации движений, помогающих произнесению слов и фраз; 4) становление ситуативной речи на материале сначала коротких, а затем развернутых предложений; 5) обучение связным текстовым высказываниям. Приводятся данные постэкспериментального диагностического обследования заикающихся дошкольников, подтверждающие эффективность разработанной автором методики. Научная новизна предлагаемого подхода к коррекции и устранению заикания у детей младшего возраста заключается в том, что в авторской технологии сочетаются взаимодополняющие друг друга направления логопедической работы: формирование соответствующей возрастным нормам связной речи; помощь детям в освоении лексико-грамматических средств языка; развитие коммуникативных навыков. Практическая значимость. Применение в коррекционно-педагогическом процессе изложенных в статье методических рекомендаций будет способствовать формированию коммуникативной готовности детей к школьному обучению, приобретению ими опыта положительного взаимодействия с окружающими. Своевременные меры по полноценному овладению речью заикающимися детьми помогут предупредить возможные отклонения в их психическом развитии, избежать многих трудностей при их социальной адаптации. Особо подчеркивается, что залогом успешной логопедической работы по коррекции заикания является активное взаимодействие специалистов с воспитателями дошкольных образовательных учреждений и родителям

On Semantic and Motivationsl Reconstruction of Russian Dialect Word LUTONYA

The question of the origin of Russian dialect word lutonya recorded by dialectal dictionaries in several meanings related to personal characteristics of the man: ‘slow man,’ ‘scruffy man,’ ‘liar,’ ‘tall man’ is considered. The assumption of belonging of the lexeme to a derivational family of the root lut -, derivatives of which calling linden, linden bark and objects made of linden, is proved. It is noted that in the dialects the meanings of the word lutonya broadly correspond to the semantic models that are typical for synonymous lexemes, and therefore motivationally proved. However, the suffix - on - which can be found if lutonya is a derivative from the root lut -, is not found in “subject” tokens. This observation suggests an effect on the form of the word of folk etymology rapprochement with diminution name Lukyan (variant lutonya is proposed by onomasts along with Lutokha , Lutosha and othres). The author points out that the name Lutonya belongs to the character of folk tales, while there is no direct correspondence between the qualities of the character and the given dialect meanings of the lexeme lutonya . It is suggested that, at the formal level, a well-known folk text may support the functioning of the lutonya appellative

Evidence for the production of Ar2∗−_2^{*-} metastable negative molecular ions in two-phase argon detectors for dark matter searches

The recent studies of electroluminescence (EL) properties in two-phase argon detectors for dark matter searches have revealed the presence of unusual delayed pulses in the EL signal in the form of two slow components with time constants of about 5 and 50 $\mu$s. These components were shown to be present in the charge signal itself, which clearly indicates that drifting electrons are temporarily trapped on two states of metastable negative argon ions which have never been observed before. In this work, using the pressure dependence of the ratio of slow component contributions measured in experiment, it is shown that these states are those of two types of metastable negative molecular ions, $\mathrm{Ar}_2^{*-}(b \ ^4\Sigma_u^-)$ and $\mathrm{Ar}_2^{*-}(a \ ^4\Sigma_g^+)$ for the higher and lower energy level respectively.Comment: 4 pages, 2 figure

A three dimensional representation of the fracture network of a CO2 reservoir analogue (Latera Caldera, Central Italy)

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Innovations as a tool for providing cyber security and increasing the efficiency of banking system

Objective: to research innovative technologies as a means of protecting important information; to reveal the relationship between information security and improving the performance of banks.Methods: the problem of banks’ counteraction to cyberattacks was researched with systematic approach and a method of statistical analysis.Results: under the development of information and communication technologies, the problem of theft, modification, and forgery of information has acquired the greatest importance. Cyberattacks threaten the loss of personal data and can affect both the functioning of financial and commercial organizations, and the economy of the state as a whole. In this article, cyber threats are viewed as a priority problem of banks under widespread digitalization. The main trends in the field of cyber risks are identified; the dynamics of cyber attacks is studied. The activities carried out in Russia to prevent cybercrime are considered. The main reasons for cyber threats in the banking sector are systematized, including the human factor. Conclusions are made that in order to prevent cyberthreats it is necessary to introduce banking innovations based, among other things, on the positive foreign experience of applying the process-oriented approach, BigData technologies, blockchain, and biometric identification of customers.Scientific novelty: a set of measures was developed to introduce banking innovations and reduce cyber threats, including the development of cyber insurance.Practical significance: the proposed recommendations can be used in the practical activities of government agencies and banking professionals when making decisions in the field of cybersecurity

Problems of confirmation of compliance of imitation leather in Russia

При подтверждении соответствия искусственной кожи в России возникают различные проблемы, которые связаны с непроработанными требованиями, изложенными в техническом регламенте Таможенного союза 017/2011 на искусственную кожу.At confirmation of imitation leather, compliance in Russia we are various problems that are connecting with not worked requirements stated in technical regulations of the Customs union 017/2011 on imitation leather

Synthesis of 8-phenyl substituted 3-benzazecines with allene moiety, their thermal rearrangement and evaluation as acetylcholinesterase inhibitors

Various 4′-R-substituted phenyl azacyclic allenes were synthesized in good yields, and their thermal transformations were studied. For the first time, the obtained rearrangement products—new N-bridged cyclopenta[a]indenes, and the corresponding parent allenes were evaluated as potential inhibitors of acetyl- and butyrylcholinesterase. Among the tested compounds, the allene derivative 2g proved to competitively inhibit human AChE with inhibition constant value (Ki) in the low micromolar range. Graphic abstract: [Figure not available: see fulltext.