Upaya Meningkatkan Kemampuan Guru dalam Mengefektifkan Pembelajaran melalui Supervisi Kelas di SD

The purpose of this study was to determine ability ofteachers in streamline of learning through the teacher professional founding program and classroom supervision in SD Negeri 04 Kepahiang in the academic years 2015/2016. This study is the research action. The analysis showed that was a determine ability in the effective management of learning in the first cycle which scored A 33.3% scored B at 0% and the scored C by 66.7%, in the second cycle which scored A 44.44% scored B of 22.2% and scored C 22.2%, while the third cycle which scored A 44% scored B 33% and the scored C 22%. It can be concluded that through the teacher professional supervisor program and classroom supervision was determine ability of teacher to streamline themanagement of learning

Predictors of musculoskeletal disorders among public elderly care home workers in west coast Malaysia

Background: Work related musculoskeletal disorders (WMSD) among elderly care home workers is related to the type of movement and work environment. Frequency and burden of manual handling while assisting elderly residents and domestic tasks contributed to the MSD symptoms over several body parts such as neck, shoulder, forearm, hand, lower back leg and foot. The objectives of this study are to determine the prevalence of MSD among elderly care home worker, associated factors and predictors contribute to MSD symptoms among the workers. Materials and Methods: A cross sectional study was conducted in eight elderly care home in West Coast Malaysia from February until July 2016. Eight elderly care home was selected. A total of 252 workers were randomly selected based on simple random sampling method. Validated and reliable self-administered questionnaire was used. The dependent variable was worker with MSD symptoms and independent variable were socio demographic factors organizational and factors ergonomic factors. Analysis was done using SPSS Version 22. Chi-square test and logistic regression was used for analysis. Result: Based on respondents report, prevalence rate of WMSD in the previous 12 months was 50%. Prevalence rate was highest at lower back (33.8%). Twenty three percent (23%) of them needed to get treatment and 15.3% needed to take sick leave due to MSD. Highest prevalence rate of WMSD was among female (56.9%) and assistant nurse (55.6%). The predictors for WMSD were female (AOR=2.0, 95% CI=1.1-3.6) and burden of manual task (AOR=2.2, 95% CI=1.3-4.0). Conclusion: The prevalence of WMSD was high among the female workers and assistant nurses. Burden of manual handling tasks was an important factor associated with MSD. Hence ergonomic intervention is important to reduce prevalence of WMSD among the workers

District health management cycle in Malaysia

Background: Imbalance between needs, demands and resources are commonly seen in the public sector. Management team needs to manage the available resources in the best possible way to meet the health needs. This is decided by the District Health Management Team (DHMT) in the district health. The concept of District Health Management Cycle (DHMC) was initially introduced by the World Health Organization (WHO) in its District Health Management Models as part of health sector reform initiatives. This review aim to discuss the principle and concept of DHMC in Malaysia. Methods: A literature review was conducted through online database such as Google Scholar and Pubmed to identify the current concept of DHMC. Related government documents on district health management was also identified and reviewed through official government websites. Initial keywords used are district health services and district health management. Then, combined keywords used are district health services in Malaysia and district health management in Malaysia. Finally, about 14 articles that are related were selected and reviewed. Logic framework for district management cycle and SWOT analysis was applied to highlight the internal factors (strength and weakness) and external factor (opportunity and threats) of district health management in Malaysia. Result: DHMC is a cycle involving situational analysis, planning, implementation, with continuous monitoring and eventually the evaluation. Situational analysis identified the current requirement of the district. Then district health plan will be carried out to get a clear picture of the range of inputs needed and how these inputs will be combined to achieve goals. Implementation is the process of carrying out the activity or intervention as well as using the resources without any interruption to the existing service delivery. Followed by monitoring, where it implies checking progress of District Health Plan. Finally, evaluation is a systematic way of reviewing at the implemented plan including the strengths and the shortfalls accounted during the entire process. District health management in Malaysia is not completely decentralized, therefore there are some different in its concept and principle. Conclusion: Healthcare system in Malaysia has some strength and threat. Some of the weaknesses are lack of human resources and top to down planning. The threat comes from internally such as resource constraints and externally due to social groups and political interference. District health management is the starting point of the district health service delivery. It aims to constantly balance the needs, and demands with the limited resources to improve the quality of health service