Determination of biodegradation rate of carrier for microorganism immobilization fabricated based on starch

The study was aimed on the determination of biodegradation rate of extruded starch carriers, with or without immobilized microorganisms in diversified storage conditions. The research was conducted on potato starch, in which Saccharomyces cerevisiae yeast cells were immobilized. Preparations with and without yeasts were than placed for 84 days in the environments of: light soil, heavy soil, compost, water and activated sludge. After 0, 7, 14, 21, 49 and 84 days of storage the preparations were perfused with water and analyzed. In the recovered samples the following tests were carried out: the force causing fracture, the elongation caused by the mentioned force, the mass and the diameter of the carrier. Due to the degradation the size and the mechanical properties of the samples were decreased. The rate of the degradation was strongly dependent on the environment of the storage. The fastest degradation of the carriers were observed for compost and heavy soil, while the slowest biodegradation was observed for the samples placed in the water environment. The rate of biodegradation was also influenced by the Saccharomyces cerevisiae yeasts. The rate of biodegradation was faster in the samples containing yeast cells, than in the extrudates without the microorganisms

Selected properties of biodegradable material produced from thermoplastic starch with by-products of food industry addition

In this work extrusion process were used to create thermoplastic starch and to mix obtained starch with linen, quince and apple pomace at the same time. Obtained starch beads were formed in shapes. In experimental material was determined thermal conductivity, water absorption and the solubility in water. It is possible to get the biodegradable material produced from thermoplastic starch with an addition of fruit pomace. Adding pomace and glycerine to the biodegradable material made from starch change of susceptibility on water action. In the case of materials containing pomace, glycerine addition decreases the susceptibility on water action compared to the material manufactured with pomace addition but without glycerine. In the material containing pomace, glycerine addition caused the increase of the thermal insulation time compared to the material with pomace but no glycerine in it

The heat insulating properties of potato starch extruded with addition of chosen by- products of food industry

The study was aimed at determination of time of heat transition through the layer of quince, apple, linen, rose pomace and potato pulp, as well as layer of potato starch and potato starch extruded with addition of above mentioned by-products. Additionally the attempt of creation a heat insulating barrier from researched raw material was made. The heat conductivity of researched materials was dependent on the type of material and its humidity. Extruded potato starch is characterized by smaller heat conductivity than potato starch extruded with addition of pomace. The obtained rigid extruded starch moulders were characterized by higher heat insulating properties than the loose beads. It is possible to use starch and by-products of food industry for production of heat insulating material

Simplified mashing efficiency. Novel method for optimization of food industry wort production with the use of adjuncts

Malt extracts and malt concentrates have a broad range of application in food industry. Those products are obtained by methods similar to brewing worts. The possible reduction of cost can be achieved by application of malt substitutes likewise in brewing industry. As the malt concentrates for food industry do not have to fulfill strict norms for Beer production it is possible to produce much cheaper products. It was proved that by means of mathematic optimization it is possible to determine the optimal share of unmalted material for cheap yet effective production of wort

Właściwości skrobi ekstrudowanej z dodatkiem szkła wodnego

Badano właściwości ekstrudatów wytworzonych ze skrobi ziemniaczanej i szkła wodnego sodowego przy użyciu jednoślimakowego ekstrudera laboratoryjnego Brabender w temperaturach: 50-60-70°C, 90-100-120°C i 130-150-170°C. Stwierdzono, że wygląd i właściwości ekstrudatów zależały od temperatury ekstruzji i wielkości dodatku szkła wodnego. Dodatek szkła wodnego powodował obniżenie rozpuszczalności, zmniejszenie naprężenia potrzebnego do zerwania i zmniejszenie odkształcenia przy zerwaniu ekstrudatów. Ekstrudaty wytworzone w najwyższej ze stosowanych temperatur (140-150-170°C) charakteryzowały się większym stopniem ekspansji, większą rozpuszczalnością, mniejszą gęstością, niższymi temperaturami przemian fazowych, mniejszą ilością ciepła potrzebnego do przemiany fazowej oraz gorszymi właściwościami (mniejszym napięciem zrywającym, mniejszym odkształceniem przy zerwaniu, mniejszym modułem sprężystości) niż ekstrudaty wytworzone w temperaturze 50-60-70°C i 90-100-120°C.The properties of extrudates obtained from potato starch and sodium water glass were determined using a Branderber screw extruder at: 50-60-70°C; 90-100-120°C and 130-150-170°C. It was found that the appearance and properties of extrudates depended on the temperature of extrusion and water glass addition. The addition of water glass decreased solubility, breaking stress and strain of extrudates. The extrudates produced at the highest temperatures (140-150-170°C) exhibited the higher degree of expansion and solubility, but lower density, lower phase transition temperatures, lower enthalpy necessary for phase transition and worse properties (breaking stress, and strain and modulus of elasticity) as compared to those extruded at 50-60-70°C and 90-100-120°C

Effect of apple and rosehip pomaces on colour, total phenolics and antioxidant activity of corn extruded snacks

Extrusion cooking technology was applied for obtaining corn extrudates fortifi ed with various level (10–20%) of rosehip pomace powder or apple pomace powder. The total polyphenols content, antioxidant activities (ABTS), organoleptic properties and colour of the extrudates were determined. Pomace addition increased the level of total polyphenols content and antioxidant activity in obtained corn – pomace extrudates, especially in samples enriched with rosehip pomace. Extrudates with 20% of rosehip pomace addition characterized the highest polyphenols content and antioxidant activity. Only the slight decrease of some quality features – shape and size, taste and fl avour, structure and colour of obtained extrudates was observed. Sample with fruit pomace addition showed increasing consistency evaluation. The extruded products by utilising fruit by-products got good evaluation of panelists and can be an excellent source of bioactive compounds in the daily human diet

Otrzymywania estru skrobi i kwasu oleinowego oraz jego właściwości

Nowadays, esters of saccharides and fatty acids are obtained mainly using chemical methods. An alternative method of saccharide esterification with fatty acids is a process using a lipase biocatalyst. The objective of the study was to develop a method to enzymatically esterify starch with a lipase preparation isolated from the Candida antarctica yeast. The esterification reaction of starch was performed at a low temperature (60 ºC) using non-toxic reagents. The reaction medium was also non-toxic. The obtained product of this reaction was a starch oleate that could be a thickening agents’ constituent owing to its hydrophilic and hydrophobic properties. The starch ester obtained through the enzymatic esterification reaction was analysed using a HNMR (Nuclear Magnetic Resonance) technique. The degree of substituting starch with oleic acid was DS = 0.13. The DSC (Differential Scanning Calorimeter) analysis proved that the enzymatic modification of starch caused the thermal characteristics of the product obtained to change. The heat appearing specific for the starch oleate phase transition was three times lower than that of the native starch. The correlation was also determined between rheological properties of water suspensions of starch and starch oleate and temperature. The starch oleate was characterized by a rapid increase in its viscosity during the initial phase of heating and, as the temperature rose, by a slow decrease in its viscosity.Estry sacharydów i kwasów tłuszczowych otrzymuje się głównie metodami chemicznymi. Alternatywną metodą estryfikacji sacharydów kwasami tłuszczowymi jest sposób z użyciem biokatalizatora – lipazy. Celem pracy było opracowanie metody enzymatycznej estryfikacji skrobi przy użyciu preparatu lipazy z drożdży Candida antarctica. Reakcja estryfikacji skrobi przebiegała w niskiej temperaturze (60 ºC), z zastosowaniem nietoksycznych reagentów oraz nietoksycznego środowiska reakcji. Otrzymany produkt – oleinian skrobi – dzięki właściwościom hydrofilowym oraz hydrofobowym może być składnikiem substancji zagęszczających. Ester skrobi uzyskany za pomocą reakcji enzymatycznej estryfikacji poddano analizie HNMR. Stopień podstawienia skrobi kwasem oleinowym wynosił DS = 0,13. Analiza DSC wykazała, że modyfikacja enzymatyczna skrobi spowodowała zmiany właściwości termicznych uzyskanego produktu. Ciepło właściwe przemiany fazowej oleinianu skrobi było 3 razy mniejsze niż ciepło właściwe przemiany fazowej skrobi naturalnej. Określono również właściwości reologiczne zawiesin wodnych skrobi oraz oleinianu skrobi w zależności od temperatury. Oleinian skrobi charakteryzował się szybkim wzrostem lepkości w początkowej fazie ogrzewania i jej powolnym zmniejszaniem wraz z dalszym wzrostem temperatury