A Guideline for Contextual Adaptation of Community-Based Health Interventions

In Southeast Asia, community-based health interventions (CBHIs) are often used to target non-communicable diseases (NCDs). CBHIs that are tailored to sociocultural aspects of health and well-being: local language, religion, customs, traditions, individual preferences, needs, values, and interests, may promote health more effectively than when no attention is paid to these aspects. In this study, we aimed to develop a guideline for the contextual adaption of CBHIs. We developed the guideline in two stages: first, a checklist for contextual and cultural adaptation; and second, a guideline for adaptation. We performed participatory action research, and used the 'Appraisal of Guidelines for Research & Evaluation (AGREE) II' tool as methodological basis to develop the guideline. We conducted a narrative literature review, using a conceptual framework based on the six dimensions of 'Positive Health' and its determining contexts to theoretically underpin a checklist. we pilot tested a draft version of the guideline and included a total of 29 stakeholders in five informal meetings, two stakeholder meetings, and an expert review meeting. This yielded a guideline, addressing three phases: the preparation phase, the assessment phase, and the adoption phase, with integrated checklists comprising 34 cultural and contextual aspects for the adaption of CBHIs based on general health directives or health models. The guideline provides insight into how CBHIs can be tailored to the health perspectives of community members, and into the context in which the intervention is implemented. This tool can help to effect behavioral change, and improve the prevention and management of NCDs

Postdictive Modulation of Visual Orientation

The present study investigated how visual orientation is modulated by subsequent orientation inputs. Observers were presented a near-vertical Gabor patch as a target, followed by a left- or right-tilted second Gabor patch as a distracter in the spatial vicinity of the target. The task of the observers was to judge whether the target was right- or left-tilted (Experiment 1) or whether the target was vertical or not (Supplementary experiment). The judgment was biased toward the orientation of the distracter (the postdictive modulation of visual orientation). The judgment bias peaked when the target and distracter were temporally separated by 100 ms, indicating a specific temporal mechanism for this phenomenon. However, when the visibility of the distracter was reduced via backward masking, the judgment bias disappeared. On the other hand, the low-visibility distracter could still cause a simultaneous orientation contrast, indicating that the distracter orientation is still processed in the visual system (Experiment 2). Our results suggest that the postdictive modulation of visual orientation stems from spatiotemporal integration of visual orientation on the basis of a slow feature matching process