48,866 research outputs found
Stretching of proteins in a uniform flow
Stretching of a protein by a fluid flow is compared to that in a force-clamp
apparatus. The comparison is made within a simple topology-based dynamical
model of a protein in which the effects of the flow are implemented using
Langevin dynamics. We demonstrate that unfolding induced by a uniform flow
shows a richer behavior than that in the force clamp. The dynamics of unfolding
is found to depend strongly on the selection of the amino acid, usually one of
the termini, which is anchored. These features offer potentially wider
diagnostic tools to investigate structure of proteins compared to experiments
based on the atomic force microscopy.Comment: J. Chem. Phys. (in press
Can the nuclear symmetry potential at supra-saturation densities be negative?
In the framework of an Isospin-dependent Boltzmann-Uehling-Uhlenbeck (IBUU)
transport model, for the central Au+Au reaction at an incident
beam energy of 400 MeV/nucleon, effect of nuclear symmetry potential at
supra-saturation densities on the pre-equilibrium clusters emission is studied.
It is found that for the positive symmetry potential at supra-saturation
densities the neutron to proton ratio of lighter clusters with mass number
() is larger than that of the weighter clusters with
mass number (), whereas for the negative symmetry potential
at supra-saturation densities the is \emph{smaller} than that
of the . This may be considered as a probe of the negative
symmetry potential at supra-saturation densities.Comment: 5 pages, 3 figures, 1 table, to be publishe
Archetypal analysis of galaxy spectra
Archetypal analysis represents each individual member of a set of data
vectors as a mixture (a constrained linear combination) of the pure types or
archetypes of the data set. The archetypes are themselves required to be
mixtures of the data vectors. Archetypal analysis may be particularly useful in
analysing data sets comprising galaxy spectra, since each spectrum is,
presumably, a superposition of the emission from the various stellar
populations, nebular emissions and nuclear activity making up that galaxy, and
each of these emission sources corresponds to a potential archetype of the
entire data set. We demonstrate archetypal analysis using sets of composite
synthetic galaxy spectra, showing that the method promises to be an effective
and efficient way to classify spectra. We show that archetypal analysis is
robust in the presence of various types of noise.Comment: 6 pages, 5 figures, 1 style-file. Accepted for publication by MNRA
Comparison of Short-Term Clinical and Neurocognitive Outcome Between Atypical and Typical Antipsychotics in First Episode Schizophrenia
published_or_final_versio
Comment on ``Solution of Classical Stochastic One-Dimensional Many-Body Systems''
In a recent Letter, Bares and Mobilia proposed the method to find solutions
of the stochastic evolution operator with a
non-trivial quartic term . They claim, ``Because of the conservation of
probability, an analog of the Wick theorem applies and all multipoint
correlation functions can be computed.'' Using the Wick theorem, they expressed
the density correlation functions as solutions of a closed set of
integro-differential equations.
In this Comment, however, we show that applicability of Wick theorem is
restricted to the case only.Comment: 1 page, revtex style, comment on paper Phys. Rev. Lett. {\bf 83},
5214 (1999
Driven Pair Contact Process with Diffusion
The pair contact process with diffusion (PCPD) has been recently investigated
extensively, but its critical behavior is not yet clearly established. By
introducing biased diffusion, we show that the external driving is relevant and
the driven PCPD exhibits a mean-field-type critical behavior even in one
dimension. In systems which can be described by a single-species bosonic field
theory, the Galilean invariance guarantees that the driving is irrelevant. The
well-established directed percolation (DP) and parity conserving (PC) classes
are such examples. This leads us to conclude that the PCPD universality class
should be distinct from the DP or PC class. Moreover, it implies that the PCPD
is generically a multi-species model and a field theory of two species is
suitable for proper description
Chemical Composition of Gas- and Aerosol-Phase Products from the Photooxidation of Naphthalene
The current work focuses on the detailed evolution of the chemical composition of both the gas- and aerosol-phase constituents produced from the OH-initiated photooxidation of naphthalene under low- and high-NO_x conditions. Under high-NO_x conditions ring-opening products are the primary gas-phase products, suggesting that the mechanism involves dissociation of alkoxy radicals (RO) formed through an RO_2 + NO pathway, or a bicyclic peroxy mechanism. In contrast to the high-NO_x chemistry, ring-retaining compounds appear to dominate the low-NO_x gas-phase products owing to the RO_2 + HO_2 pathway. We are able to chemically characterize 53−68% of the secondary organic aerosol (SOA) mass. Atomic oxygen-to-carbon (O/C), hydrogen-to-carbon (H/C), and nitrogen-to-carbon (N/C) ratios measured in bulk samples by high-resolution electrospray ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (HR-ESI-TOFMS) are the same as the ratios observed with online high-resolution time-of-flight aerosol mass spectrometry (HR-ToF-AMS), suggesting that the chemical compositions and oxidation levels found in the chemically-characterized fraction of the particle phase are representative of the bulk aerosol. Oligomers, organosulfates (R-OSO_3), and other high-molecular-weight (MW) products are not observed in either the low- or high-NO_x SOA; however, in the presence of neutral ammonium sulfate seed aerosol, an organic sulfonic acid (R-SO_3), characterized as hydroxybenzene sulfonic acid, is observed in naphthalene SOA produced under both high- and low-NO_x conditions. Acidic compounds and organic peroxides are found to account for a large fraction of the chemically characterized high- and low-NO_x SOA. We propose that the major gas- and aerosol-phase products observed are generated through the formation and further reaction of 2-formylcinnamaldehyde or a bicyclic peroxy intermediate. The chemical similarity between the laboratory SOA and ambient aerosol collected from Birmingham, Alabama (AL) and Pasadena, California (CA) confirm the importance of PAH oxidation in the formation of aerosol within the urban atmosphere
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