1,182,263 research outputs found
Heat Transfer in Turbulent Rayleigh-Benard Convection below the Ultimate Regime
A Rayleigh-B\'enard cell has been designed to explore the Prandtl (Pr)
dependence of turbulent convection in the cross-over range and for
the full range of soft and hard turbulences, up to Rayleigh number . The set-up benefits from the favourable characteristics of cryogenic
helium-4 in fluid mechanics, in-situ fluid property measurements, and special
care on thermometry and calorimetric instrumentation. The cell is cylindrical
with . The effective heat transfer has been
measured with unprecedented accuracy for cryogenic turbulent convection
experiments in this range of Rayleigh numbers. Spin-off of this study include
improved fits of helium thermodynamics and viscosity properties. Three main
results were found. First the dependence exhibits a bimodality of the
flow with difference in for given and . Second, a
systematic study of the side-wall influence reveals a measurable effect on the
heat transfer. Third, the dependence is very small or null : the
absolute value of the average logarithmic slope is smaller
than 0.03 in our range of , which allows to disciminate between
contradictory experiments [Ashkenazi \textit{et al.}, Phys. Rev.Lett. 83:3641
(1999)][Ahlers \textit{et al.}, Phys.Rev.Lett. 86:3320 (2001)].Comment: submitted for publication to JLTP (august 2003
Shot-noise statistics in diffusive conductors
We study the full probability distribution of the charge transmitted through
a mesoscopic diffusive conductor during a measurement time T. We have
considered a semi-classical model, with an exclusion principle in a discretized
single-particle phase-space. In the large T limit, numerical simulations show a
universal probability distribution which agrees very well with the quantum
mechanical prediction of Lee, Levitov and Yakovets [PRB {51} 4079 (1995)] for
the charge counting statistics. Special attention is given to its third
cumulant, including an analysis of finite size effects and of some experimental
constraints for its accurate measurement.Comment: Submitted to Eur. Phys. J. B (Jan. 2002
Thermally induced coherence in a Mott insulator of bosonic atoms
Conventional wisdom is that increasing temperature causes quantum coherence
to decrease. Using finite temperature perturbation theory and exact
calculations for the strongly correlated bosonic Mott insulating state we show
a practical counter-example that can be explored in optical lattice
experiments: the short-range coherence of the Mott insulating phase can
increase substantially with increasing temperature. We demonstrate that this
phenomenon originates from thermally produced defects that can tunnel with
ease. Since the near zero temperature coherence properties have been measured
with high precision we expect these results to be verifiable in current
experiments.Comment: 5 pages, 3 figure
Model dependence of the neutrino-deuteron disintegration cross sections at low energies
Model dependence of the reaction rates for the weak breakup of deuterons by
low energy neutrinos is studied starting from the cross sections derived from
potential models and also from pionless effective field theory. Choosing the
spread of the reaction yields, caused basically by the different ways the
two-body currents are treated, as a measure of the model dependent uncertainty,
we conclude that the breakup reactions are 2 - 3 % uncertain, and that
even the ratio of the charged to neutral current reaction rates is also
2 % uncertain.Comment: 13 pages, 1 figure, 6 tables, version published in Phys. Rev. C 75,
044610 (2007
Minimal Riesz Energy Point Configurations for Rectifiable d-Dimensional Manifolds
For a compact set A in Euclidean space we consider the asymptotic behavior of
optimal (and near optimal) N-point configurations that minimize the Riesz
s-energy (corresponding to the potential 1/t^s) over all N-point subsets of A,
where s>0. For a large class of manifolds A having finite, positive
d-dimensional Hausdorff measure, we show that such minimizing configurations
have asymptotic limit distribution (as N tends to infinity with s fixed) equal
to d-dimensional Hausdorff measure whenever s>d or s=d. In the latter case we
obtain an explicit formula for the dominant term in the minimum energy. Our
results are new even for the case of the d-dimensional sphere.Comment: paper: 29 pages and addendum: 4 page
Geometrical frustration in the spin liquid beta'-Me3EtSb[Pd(dmit)2]2 and the valence bond solid Me3EtP[Pd(dmit)2]2
We show that the electronic structures of the title compounds predicted by
density functional theory (DFT) are well described by tight binding models. We
determine the frustration ratio, J'/J, of the Heisenberg model on the
anisotropic triangular lattice, which describes the spin degrees of freedom in
the Mott insulating phase for a range of Pd(dmit)2 salts. All of the
antiferromagnetic materials studied have J'/J 0.9, consistent
with predictions for the Heisenberg model. All salts with 0.5 < J'/J < 0.9,
where many-body theories find a number of competing ground states, are known,
experimentally, to be charge ordered, valence bond solids or spin liquids.Comment: Accepted for publication in Phys. Rev. Lett. 4+11 pages, 3+15
figures, major rewrite, added calculations of Hubbard
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