Advanced MR techniques for preoperative glioma characterization: Part 1

Preoperative clinical magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) protocols for gliomas, brain tumors with dismal outcomes due to their infiltrative properties, still rely on conventional structural MRI, which does not deliver information on tumor genotype and is limited in the delineation of diffuse gliomas. The GliMR COST action wants to raise awareness about the state of the art of advanced MRI techniques in gliomas and their possible clinical translation or lack thereof. This review describes current methods, limits, and applications of advanced MRI for the preoperative assessment of glioma, summarizing the level of clinical validation of different techniques. In this first part, we discuss dynamic susceptibility contrast and dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI, arterial spin labeling, diffusion-weighted MRI, vessel imaging, and magnetic resonance fingerprinting. The second part of this review addresses magnetic resonance spectroscopy, chemical exchange saturation transfer, susceptibility-weighted imaging, MRI-PET, MR elastography, and MR-based radiomics applications. Evidence Level: 3 Technical Efficacy: Stage 2

International Consensus Statement on Rhinology and Allergy: Rhinosinusitis

Background: The 5 years since the publication of the first International Consensus Statement on Allergy and Rhinology: Rhinosinusitis (ICAR‐RS) has witnessed foundational progress in our understanding and treatment of rhinologic disease. These advances are reflected within the more than 40 new topics covered within the ICAR‐RS‐2021 as well as updates to the original 140 topics. This executive summary consolidates the evidence‐based findings of the document. Methods: ICAR‐RS presents over 180 topics in the forms of evidence‐based reviews with recommendations (EBRRs), evidence‐based reviews, and literature reviews. The highest grade structured recommendations of the EBRR sections are summarized in this executive summary. Results: ICAR‐RS‐2021 covers 22 topics regarding the medical management of RS, which are grade A/B and are presented in the executive summary. Additionally, 4 topics regarding the surgical management of RS are grade A/B and are presented in the executive summary. Finally, a comprehensive evidence‐based management algorithm is provided. Conclusion: This ICAR‐RS‐2021 executive summary provides a compilation of the evidence‐based recommendations for medical and surgical treatment of the most common forms of RS

Importance of structured training programs and good role models in hand hygiene in developing countries.

Contains fulltext : 97024.pdf (publisher's version ) (Open Access)The aim of this study is to identify the beliefs and perceptions associated with hand hygiene performance in two different institutions with limited resources and recently established infection control programme later than developed institutions. The study was conducted in two different hospitals (University Hospital-U-hospital and Community Hospital-C-hospital) in the same city by a self administered questionnaire. Most questions were drawn from questionnaires used previously in other studies from "industrialized" countries based on "The Theory of Planned Behavior". All nurses, nurse students (last class), physicians and intern medical students in the U-hospital, and all nurses in the C-hospital were included into the study. Of 1764 questionnaires, 941 (41%) were returned. The return rate was highest for nurses in C-hospital (63.8% [303 of 475]) and lowest for senior physicians in U-hospital (7.5% [16 of 212]). Out of the respondent a total of 16 (1.7%) were senior physicians, 110 (11.6%) were physician assistants, 400 (42.6%) were nurses in the U-hospital, 303 (32%) were nurses in the C-hospital, 66 (7%) were medical students and 46 (4.9%) were nurse students. Seven hundred and ninety five (85.9%) of 926 respondents were female. Respondents provided demographic information and data about various behavioral, normative, and control beliefs that determined their intentions with respect to performing hand hygiene. Among individuals from the other professional categories, a greater percentage of U-hospital nurses (57.6% vs. 53.9%, respectively) believed that healthcare-associated infections to be greater than 20%, and mortality rate among infected patients to be greater than 5%. C-hospital nurses generally believed the frequency, severity, and impact of healthcare-associated infections to be lower than U-hospital nurses and other individuals. However, all professional categories believed that good hand hygiene effectively prevents infections (98%). In univariate analysis, receipt of structured training in hand hygiene, perceived colleagues adherence's as good, adherence models good practices for others, having been observed for their adherence (normative beliefs), the perception that hand hygiene is relatively easy to perform and high workload (control beliefs) was associated with good hand hygiene. However, in multivariate analysis, high self reported adherence to hand hygiene was independently associated with receipt of structured training in hand hygiene, perceived good adherence by colleagues, the perception that hand hygiene is relatively easy to perform and having been observed for their adherence. In a country with limited resources, intention to comply was associated with training and strong normative and control beliefs. Also, in two different kinds of institution with the similar hand hygiene promotion campaign in the same city, the believes of nurses were different. In developing countries, more resources have to be allocated for training of HCWs and easy access for hand hygiene products.1 juni 201

METAL UPTAKE BY BLACK-SEA ALGAE

This paper reports a study on the metal content of Black Sea algae from 1979 to 1988. Pollution was found to increase during this time. The metals accumulated in different algal taxa were: in green algae, Al, Cr and Fe; in brown algae, As and Sr; in red algae, Ag, Cd, Co, Cu, Hg, Mn, Pb, Se and Zn

Turkey

Veterinarians and veterinary technicians are at risk for occupational brucellosis. We described the risk factors of occupational brucellosis among veterinary personnel in Turkey. A multicenter retrospective survey was performed among veterinary personnel who were actively working in the field. Of 712 veterinary personnel, 84(11.8%) had occupational brucellosis. The median number of years since graduation was 7 (interquartile ranges [IQR], 4-11) years in the occupational brucellosis group, whereas this number was 9 (IQR, 4-16) years in the non-brucellosis group (p < 0.001). In multivariable analysis, working in the private sector (odds ratio [OR], 2.8; 95% confidence interval [95% CI], 1.55-5.28, p = 0.001), being male (OR, 4.5; 95% CI, 1.05-18.84, p = 0.041), number of performed deliveries (OR, 1.01; 95% CI, 1.002-1.02, p = 0.014), and injury during Brucella vaccine administration (OR, 5.4; 95% CI, 3.16-9.3, p < 0.001) were found to be risk factors for occupational brucellosis. We suggest that all veterinary personnel should be trained on brucellosis and the importance of using personal protective equipment in order to avoid this infection. (C) 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved