Application of gas chromatography for separation and determination of selected estrogenic compounds in the environmental samples

Estrogeny to związki hormonalne, których obecność w środowisku - nawet w bardzo niskich stężeniach (poniżej 1 ng/L) - może wywierać negatywny wpływ na reprodukcje i rozwój organizmów żywych. Opracowywanie odpowiednio czułych metodyk przygotowania próbki, rozdzielania i oznaczania tych związków w próbkach środowiskowych stało się zatem jednym z ważniejszych zadań z zakresu chemii analitycznej oraz ochrony środowiska. W pracy przedstawiono przegląd metodyk przygotowania próbki, rozdzielania i oznaczania wybranych substancji estrogenowych (estronu, 17β-estradiolu, estriolu, 17α-etynyloestradiolu, dietylostilbe-strolu) w różnych komponentach środowiska techniką GC-MS (ang. gas chromatography co-upled with mass spectrometry).Estrogens are hormonal active compounds, which presence in the environment - also in very low concentrations (less than 1 ng/L) – could have a negative influence on reproduction and growth of the living organisms. Development of the sensitive methods for determination of these compounds in the environmental samples has been found as one of the most important tasks of analytical chemistry and environmental protection. In this work, a review of methods for determination of selected estrogenic compounds (estrone, 17β-estradiol, estriol, 17α-ethinyle-stradiol and diethylstilbestrol) in environmental compartments using GC-MS (ang. gas chroma-tography coupled with mass spectrometry) technique is presented

Multi-biomarker responses in green mussels exposed to PFCs: Effects at molecular, cellular, and physiological levels

10.1007/s11356-013-2216-6Environmental Science and Pollution Research2142785-2794ESPL

A review identifying the effectiveness of minimum quantity lubrication (MQL) during conventional machining

Government legislation and public opinion are the main drivers behind the movement of manufacturing companies towards sustainable production. Fundamentally, companies want to avoid future financial penalties and the industry is therefore under pressure to adapt new techniques and practices in order to become environmentally friendly. The cost efficiency of metal cutting operations is highly dependent on accuracy, excellent surface finish and minimized tool wear and, to this end, has traditionally made abundant use of cutting fluid in machining operations. However, these cutting fluids have been a major contributor to environmental and health issues. In recent years, an enormous effort to eradicate these adverse effects has been made with one important focus being the implementation of minimum quantity lubrication (MQL). In the present work, the authors have reviewed the current state of the art in MQL with a particular focus on drilling, turning, milling and grinding machining operations. Overall, it is concluded that MQL has huge potential as a substitute for conventional flood cooling