Leadership Lessons: Building and Nurturing a High‐Performing Clinical Research Team

Peer Reviewedhttps://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/145296/1/jgs15352_am.pdfhttps://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/145296/2/jgs15352.pd

Contamination of Common Area and Rehabilitation Gym Environment with Multidrug‐Resistant Organisms

Peer Reviewedhttps://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/154343/1/jgs16284.pdfhttps://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/154343/2/jgs16284_am.pd

Leadership Lessons: Developing Mentoring Infrastructure for GEMSSTAR Scholars

Peer Reviewedhttps://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/149305/1/jgs15787_am.pdfhttps://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/149305/2/jgs15787.pd

Electronic patient-reported outcomes as digital therapeutics to improve cancer outcomes

Among patients receiving treatment for advanced cancers, symptoms are common and frequently cause distress, functional impairment, and emergency room visits. Yet cancer patients’ symptoms often go undetected and unaddressed by clinicians. There is growing international interest in integrating electronic patient-reported outcomes (PROs) into routine practice as digital therapeutics that can increase detection and inform management of symptoms, thereby improving health outcomes and patient experiences and avoiding preventable hospital use

Understanding short-term transmission dynamics of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus in the patient room.

OBJECTIVE Little is known about the short-term dynamics of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) transmission between patients and their immediate environment. We conducted a real-life microbiological evaluation of environmental MRSA contamination in hospital rooms in relation to recent patient activity. DESIGN Observational pilot study. SETTING Two hospitals, hospital 1 in Zurich, Switzerland, and hospital 2 in Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States. PATIENTS Inpatients with MRSA colonization or infection. METHODS At baseline, the groin, axilla, nares, dominant hands of 10 patients and 6 environmental high-touch surfaces in their rooms were sampled. Cultures were then taken of the patient hand and high-touch surfaces 3 more times at 90-minute intervals. After each swabbing, patients' hands and surfaces were disinfected. Patient activity was assessed by interviews at hospital 1 and analysis of video footage at hospital 2. A contamination pressure score was created by multiplying the number of colonized body sites with the activity level of the patient. RESULTS In total, 10 patients colonized and/or infected with MRSA were enrolled; 40 hand samples and 240 environmental samples were collected. At baseline, 30% of hands and 20% of high-touch surfaces yielded MRSA. At follow-up intervals, 8 (27%) of 30 patient hands, and 10 (6%) of 180 of environmental sites were positive. Activity of the patient explained 7 of 10 environmental contaminations. Patients with higher contamination pressure score showed a trend toward higher environmental contamination. CONCLUSION Environmental MRSA contamination in patient rooms was highly dynamic and was likely driven by the patient's MRSA body colonization pattern and the patient activity

Understanding contributors to racial and ethnic inequities in COVID-19 incidence and mortality rates

BACKGROUND: Racial inequities in Coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) have been reported over the course of the pandemic, with Black, Hispanic/Latinx, and Native American individuals suffering higher case rates and more fatalities than their White counterparts. METHODS: We used a unique statewide dataset of confirmed COVID-19 cases across Missouri, linked with historical statewide hospital data. We examined differences by race and ethnicity in raw population-based case and mortality rates. We used patient-level regression analyses to calculate the odds of mortality based on race and ethnicity, controlling for comorbidities and other risk factors. RESULTS: As of September 10, 2020 there were 73,635 confirmed COVID-19 cases in the State of Missouri. Among the 64,526 case records (87.7% of all cases) that merged with prior demographic and health care utilization data, 12,946 (20.1%) were Non-Hispanic (NH) Black, 44,550 (69.0%) were NH White, 3,822 (5.9%) were NH Other/Unknown race, and 3,208 (5.0%) were Hispanic. Raw cumulative case rates for NH Black individuals were 1,713 per 100,000 population, compared with 2,095 for NH Other/Unknown, 903 for NH White, and 1,218 for Hispanic. Cumulative COVID-19-related death rates for NH Black individuals were 58.3 per 100,000 population, compared with 38.9 for NH Other/Unknown, 19.4 for NH White, and 14.8 for Hispanic. In a model that included insurance source, history of a social determinant billing code in the patient\u27s claims, census block travel change, population density, Area Deprivation Index, and clinical comorbidities, NH Black race (OR 1.75, 1.51-2.04, p\u3c0.001) and NH Other/Unknown race (OR 1.83, 1.36-2.46, p\u3c0.001) remained strongly associated with mortality. CONCLUSIONS: In Missouri, COVID-19 case rates and mortality rates were markedly higher among NH Black and NH Other/Unknown race than among NH White residents, even after accounting for social and clinical risk, population density, and travel patterns during COVID-19

The determinants of vulnerability to currency crises: country-specific factors versus regional factors

We investigate the determinants of exchange market pressures (EMP) for some new EU member states at both the national and regional levels, where macroeconomic and financial variables are considered as potential sources. The regional common factors are extracted from these variables by using dynamic factor analysis. The linear empirical analysis, in general, highlights the importance of country-specific factors to defend themselves against vulnerability in their external sectors. Yet, given a significant impact of the common component in credit on EMP, a contagion effect is apparent through the conduit of credit market integration across these countries under investigation

Oxidative costs of reproduction in mouse strains selected for different levels of food intake and which differ in reproductive performance

We are grateful to the animal house staff for their care of the animals. This work was supported in part by the US National Institute of Health grants R01AG043972 to J.R.S. and D.B.A. and P30AG050886 and P30DK056336 to D.B.A. The opinions expressed are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent those of the N.I.H. or any other organization. A.H.A.J. was supported by an Iraqi government student scholarship.Peer reviewedPublisher PD