Probabilistic State Estimation in Distribution Networks

State estimation is a procedure that can be used to obtain an estimate of the networkstate by processing the available set of measurements. The state of a network iscommonly defined as the voltage magnitude and angle at every bus. Other parametersin the network such as power flows and currents can be calculated fromthe network state. The information provided by the state estimation is used toassess the network security, to analyze contingencies, and to make decisions onrequired control actions. The concept of applying state estimation to power systemswas developed around 1970 [1]. Since then state estimation has become a routinetask in transmission systems. Over time a large number of redundant measurementdevices were installed throughout transmission networks, and accurate networkmodels have been developed. As a result, it is usually possible to estimate the stateof a transmission network with a high degree of accuracy