71 research outputs found
The first experience of using beta-hydroxybutyrate analysis of capillary blood in the diagnosis of non-diabetic hypoglycemia in adults
Background: The diagnostic threshold of Ξ²-hydroxybutyrate (BHB) at the moment of hypoglycemia in insulinoma was developed for venous blood many years ago, when there were no alternative ways to measure ketones. Number of works, mainly on patients with diabetes mellitus, found differences in the measurement of this indicator in venous and capillary blood, but the results were contradictory. Moreover, this study was not previously used in the diagnosis of non-diabetic hypoglycemia (NDH) in adults on the territory of the Russian Federation.Aim: To estimate the effectiveness of the method for determining BHB in capillary blood and its place in the diagnosis of NDH.Materials and methods: We conducted an experimental, cross-sectional, comparative study and included patients with suspected NDH who underwent a standard fast test. The BHB level in capillary blood was determined every 6 hours during the fast test and at its completion.Results: Based on the results of the fast test, the participants (n=154) were divided into groups: with hyperinsulinemic variant of NDH and IFRoma (n=98; group 1), with hypoinsulinemic variant of NDH /absence of NDH (n=56; group 2). When comparing the level of BHB at the moment of fasting completion, significant differences were obtained between groups 1 and 2 (p<0.001). According to the ROC analysis, the determination of BHB for differentiation the hyper- and hypoinsulinemic variants of hypoglycemia is characterized by excellent quality of model (AUC=99,1% [98,0%; 100,0%]). The BHB determination in capillary blood has the maximum diagnostic accuracy at a cut-off point of β€ 1.4 mmol/L (Se 98.0%, Sp 96.4%, PPV 98.0%, NPV 96.4%, Ac 97.4%). Exceeding the diagnostic threshold of BHB was first recorded after 24h of fasting; at the same point, a significant difference was determined when comparing BHB indicators between two consecutive measurements (between 18h and 24h).Conclusion: The BHB determination in capillary blood is a highly sensitive and highly specific additional method for the differential diagnosis of NDH variants. The diagnostic threshold for BHB of capillary blood, which allows differentiating hyper- and hypoketonemic variants of NDH, is β€1.4 mmol / L. It is advisable to initiate control of BHB in the blood no earlier than 18 hours after the start of the fast test
Transforming growth factor Ξ²1 (TGF-Ξ²1) in patients with endocrine ophthalmopathy and Gravesβ disease: A predictor of treatment efficiency
Current therapeutic approaches to the treatment of endocrine ophthalmopathy (EOP) are based on nonspecific immunosuppression with glucocorticosteroids (GCs) and radiation therapy of the eye orbits. However, some patients exhibit resistance to the treatment. In a previous study, we have detected high levels of soluble cytokine receptors: sTNFΞ±-R1, sTNFΞ±-R2, sIL-2R, and the TGF-Ξ²1 cytokine in euthyroid patients with long-lasting non-treated EOP and Gravesβ disease (GD). TGF-Ξ²1 level was significantly higher in the patients with EOP compared to healthy individuals, and increased with prolonged EOP duration, thus suggesting activation of the factors regulating immune system which promote suppression of the autoimmune process. The aim of this work was to study the dynamics of TGF-Ξ²1 and cytokine receptors: sTNFΞ±-R1, sTNFΞ±-R2, sIL-2R in the course of immunosuppressive therapy with high doses of GCs, as possible predictors of treatment efficacy. The study included 49 patients (98 eye orbits) with GD of euthyroid state and subclinical thyrotoxicosis, and the persons with EOP in active phase, who had not previously treatment for EOP. Concentrations of TGF-Ξ²1 cytokine, sTNFΞ±-RI and sTNFΞ±-R2, sIL-2R, antibodies to the thyroid-stimulating hormone receptor (rTSH), free fractions of thyroxine (fT4) and triiodothyronine (fT3), TSH in blood serum were determined in blood serum. Ultrasound examination of the thyroid gland (ultrasound of the thyroid gland), multi-layer computed tomography (MSCT)/magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the orbits were also performed. The patients were administered immunosuppressive therapy with high doses of HCs (methylprednisolone) in the course of pulse therapy, at a standard dosage of 4500-8000 mg, taking into account the severity and activity of the EOP clinical manifestations. The examination was carried out 3, 6, 12 months after starting the treatment. 3 and 6 months after the GC administration, more than 30% of patients remained resistant to treatment. The levels of TGF-Ξ²1 did not change significantly in the patients with positive EOP dynamics. In the patients resistant to GC treatment, the level of TGF-Ξ²1 was significantly decreased compared with patients who showed positive clinical dynamics. The level of sNFR1 and sNFaR2 did not change significantly. There were no significant differences in the levels of antibodies to rTSH, thyroid hormones in the patients resistant to GC treatment and with positive dynamics.Immunosuppressive therapy with high-dose of methylprednisolone in pulse therapy regimen showed high efficacy and good tolerability, while some patients remain resistant to treatment. Lower levels of TGF-Ξ²1 cytokine at initial time and during the treatment allow usage of TGF-Ξ²1 levels as a biomarker of the activity of the process, treatment efficiency, and prognosis of the disease. Activation of TGF-Ξ²1, a fibroblast growth factor, may contribute to the development of fibrosis, strabismus, and diplopia
Effect of glucocorticoids on bone metabolism in replacement therapy of adrenal insufficiency. Literature review
Adrenal insufficiency (AI) is a syndrome caused by disturbance in the synthesis and secretion of hormones of the adrenal cortex, which ensure the vital activity, energy and water-salt homeostasis. The widest hormonal deficiency is observed in primary hypocorticism, when the synthesis of not only glucocorticoids (GC) and adrenal androgens, but also mineralocorticoids is disrupted. Lifelong replacement therapy with GCs for this pathology may be associated with a risk of bone loss and osteoporosis. However, at present, there are no clear guidelines for diagnosis of bone condition, including and bone mineral density (BMD) monitoring during treatment with GCs in patients with AI. This review summarizes collected data on the key pathogenetic links of glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis, incidence of decreased BMD and fractures in patients with AI. In this review factors that influence bone metabolism in this cohort of patients are considered: the type and the dose of prescribed GCs, the type (primary, secondary, HH in congenital adrenal cortex dysfunction) and the duration of AI, age, gender, and the presence of concomitant endocrine disorders (hypogonadism, growth hormone (GH) deficiency). InΒ addition, theΒ review presents data on the effect of adrenal androgen replacement therapy and recombinant GH therapy on bone metabolism in secondary AI
ΠΠΏΡΡ ΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠΈΡΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΠΌΠ°Π³Π½ΠΈΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΡΠΈΠΌΡΠ»ΡΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠ½ΠΈΡΠ½ΠΎ-ΠΊΡΠ΅ΡΡΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ°Π΄ΠΈΠΊΡΠ»ΠΎΠΏΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ
Introduction. Lumbosacral radiculopathy is Π° leading cause of long-term disability. Taking into a consideration the duration of treatment radiculopathy, the risk of developing adverse reactions when taking analgesics, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, the physiotherapeutic method β repetitive peripheral magnetic stimulation may become a promising method of therapy.Aim of the study. Assessment of the effectiveness of the complex treatment for patients with lumbosacral radiculopathy using the course of the repetitive peripheral magnetic stimulation.Materials and methods. Forty patients with lumbosacral radiculopathy were enrolled in the open non-randomized study, were divided into 2 parallel groups. The patients of the 1st group received a course of traditional treatment and a course of the repetitive peripheral magnetic stimulation. The patients of the 2nd group were treated with the traditional treatment without the course of the stimulation. A magnetic stimulator MagPro (Magventure, Denmark) was used for repetitive peripheral magnetic stimulation.Results. A significant difference (p <0.001) was registered regarding the reduction of pain syndrome and the improvement of the functional status after treatment in both groups. 14 (70 %) patients of the first group achieved a pain visual analogue scale relief by 50 % after 10 repetitive peripheral magnetic stimulation sessions, while 6 (30 %) patients did this after 15 repetitive peripheral magnetic stimulation sessions. We did not observed a statistically significant differences (p >0.05) in pain syndrome, functional status, anxiety level at the end of follow-up between the groups.Conclusion. We did not receive the benefits of the repetitive peripheral magnetic stimulation course in comparison with a traditional treatment of a lumbosacral radiculopathy. Further placebo-controlled studies to study the effect of repetitive peripheral magnetic stimulation on pain and anxiety in patients with back pain and radiculopathy are required.ΠΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅. ΠΠΎΡΡΠ½ΠΈΡΠ½ΠΎ-ΠΊΡΠ΅ΡΡΡΠΎΠ²Π°Ρ ΡΠ°Π΄ΠΈΠΊΡΠ»ΠΎΠΏΠ°ΡΠΈΡ ΡΠ²Π»ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΡΠΈΡΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΡΠΎΠΉΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΠΈ Π΄Π»ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΡΡΠ°ΡΡ ΡΡΡΠ΄ΠΎΡΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΠ±Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ. ΠΡΠ»ΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ½ΠΈΠΌΠ°ΡΡ Π²ΠΎ Π²Π½ΠΈΠΌΠ°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π΄Π»ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡ Π»Π΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠ°Π΄ΠΈΠΊΡΠ»ΠΎΠΏΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ, ΡΠΈΡΠΊ ΡΠ°Π·Π²ΠΈΡΠΈΡ Π½Π΅ΠΆΠ΅Π»Π°ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΡΠ΅Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠΉ ΠΏΡΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅ Π°Π½Π°Π»ΡΠ³Π΅ΡΠΈΠΊΠΎΠ² ΠΈ Π½Π΅ΡΡΠ΅ΡΠΎΠΈΠ΄Π½ΡΡ
ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠΈΠ²ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΡΠΏΠ°Π»ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΏΡΠ΅ΠΏΠ°ΡΠ°ΡΠΎΠ², ΠΏΠ΅ΡΡΠΏΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΡΠΌ Π½Π°ΠΏΡΠ°Π²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ ΡΠ΅ΡΠ°ΠΏΠΈΠΈ ΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΡΡΡ ΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠΈΠ·ΠΈΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΠ°ΠΏΠ΅Π²ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄Π° β ΡΠΈΡΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΠΌΠ°Π³Π½ΠΈΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΡΠΈΠΌΡΠ»ΡΡΠΈΠΈ.Π¦Π΅Π»Ρ ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ β ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡΡ ΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π»Π΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ Ρ ΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ ΠΊΡΡΡΠ° ΡΠΈΡΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΠΌΠ°Π³Π½ΠΈΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΡΠΈΠΌΡΠ»ΡΡΠΈΠΈ Ρ ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΈΠ΅Π½ΡΠΎΠ² Ρ ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠ½ΠΈΡΠ½ΠΎ-ΠΊΡΠ΅ΡΡΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ°Π΄ΠΈΠΊΡΠ»ΠΎΠΏΠ°ΡΠΈΠ΅ΠΉ.ΠΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ°Π»Ρ ΠΈ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄Ρ. Π ΠΎΡΠΊΡΡΡΠΎΠΌ Π½Π΅ΡΠ°Π½Π΄ΠΎΠΌΠΈΠ·ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠΌ ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ½ΡΠ»ΠΈ ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΠΈΠ΅ 40 ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΈΠ΅Π½ΡΠΎΠ² Ρ ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠ½ΠΈΡΠ½ΠΎ-ΠΊΡΠ΅ΡΡΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ°Π΄ΠΈΠΊΡΠ»ΠΎΠΏΠ°ΡΠΈΠ΅ΠΉ, ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΠ΅ Π±ΡΠ»ΠΈ ΡΠ°Π·Π΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½Ρ Π½Π° 2 Π³ΡΡΠΏΠΏΡ. ΠΠ°ΡΠΈΠ΅Π½ΡΡ 1-ΠΉ Π³ΡΡΠΏΠΏΡ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ°Π»ΠΈ ΠΊΡΡΡ ΡΡΠ°Π΄ΠΈΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π»Π΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΈ ΠΊΡΡΡ ΡΠΈΡΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΠΌΠ°Π³Π½ΠΈΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΡΠΈΠΌΡΠ»ΡΡΠΈΠΈ. ΠΠΎΠ»ΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ 2-ΠΉ Π³ΡΡΠΏΠΏΡ β ΠΊΡΡΡ ΡΡΠ°Π΄ΠΈΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π»Π΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π±Π΅Π· ΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΊΡΡΡΠ° ΠΌΠ°Π³Π½ΠΈΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΡΠΈΠΌΡΠ»ΡΡΠΈΠΈ. ΠΠ»Ρ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΡΠΈΠΌΡΠ»ΡΡΠΈΠΈ Π±ΡΠ» ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ ΠΌΠ°Π³Π½ΠΈΡΠ½ΡΠΉ ΡΡΠΈΠΌΡΠ»ΡΡΠΎΡ MagPro (Magventure, ΠΠ°Π½ΠΈΡ).Π Π΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΡ. ΠΡΠ»ΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Π½ΠΎ Π΄ΠΎΡΡΠΎΠ²Π΅ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ΅ ΡΠ°Π·Π»ΠΈΡΠΈΠ΅ (Ρ <0,001) Π² ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ ΡΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅Π½ΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π²ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠΈΠ½Π΄ΡΠΎΠΌΠ°, ΡΠ»ΡΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΡΠ½ΠΊΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΡΠ° ΠΏΠΎ ΠΎΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΠ°Π½ΠΈΠΈ ΠΊΡΡΡΠ° ΡΠ΅ΡΠ°ΠΏΠΈΠΈ Π² ΠΎΠ±Π΅ΠΈΡ
Π³ΡΡΠΏΠΏΠ°Ρ
. Π£ 14 (70 %) ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΈΠ΅Π½ΡΠΎΠ² 1-ΠΉ Π³ΡΡΠΏΠΏΡ ΡΡΠΎΠ²Π΅Π½Ρ Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π²ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠΈΠ½Π΄ΡΠΎΠΌΠ° ΡΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΡΠΈΠ»ΡΡ ΠΏΠΎ Π²ΠΈΠ·ΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎ-Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΎΠ³ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠΊΠ°Π»Π΅ Π½Π° 50 % ΠΏΠΎΡΠ»Π΅ 10 ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΠΉ ΡΠΈΡΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΠΌΠ°Π³Π½ΠΈΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΡΠΈΠΌΡΠ»ΡΡΠΈΠΈ, Ρ 6 (30 %) Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
β ΠΏΠΎΡΠ»Π΅ 15 ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΠΉ. ΠΡΠΈ ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΠΊΠ΅ Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π²ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠΈΠ½Π΄ΡΠΎΠΌΠ°, ΡΡΠ½ΠΊΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΡΠ°, ΡΡΠΎΠ²Π½Ρ ΡΡΠ΅Π²ΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ Π½Π΅ Π±ΡΠ»ΠΎ Π·Π°ΡΠ΅Π³ΠΈΡΡΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΎ ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈ Π·Π½Π°ΡΠΈΠΌΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠ°Π·Π»ΠΈΡΠΈΡ (Ρ >0,05) ΠΏΠ°ΡΠ°ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠΎΠ² ΠΌΠ΅ΠΆΠ΄Ρ Π³ΡΡΠΏΠΏΠ°ΠΌΠΈ Π½Π° ΠΌΠΎΠΌΠ΅Π½Ρ Π·Π°Π²Π΅ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π»Π΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ.ΠΠ°ΠΊΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅. ΠΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΠ΅ ΡΠ΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΡ Π½Π΅ ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Π»ΠΈ ΠΏΡΠ΅ΠΈΠΌΡΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π° ΠΊΡΡΡΠ° ΡΠΈΡΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΠΌΠ°Π³Π½ΠΈΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΡΠΈΠΌΡΠ»ΡΡΠΈΠΈ Ρ ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΈΠ΅Π½ΡΠΎΠ² Ρ ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠ½ΠΈΡΠ½ΠΎ-ΠΊΡΠ΅ΡΡΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ°Π΄ΠΈΠΊΡΠ»ΠΎΠΏΠ°ΡΠΈΠ΅ΠΉ Π² ΡΡΠ°Π²Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ Ρ ΠΊΡΡΡΠΎΠΌ ΡΡΠ°Π΄ΠΈΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ΅ΡΠ°ΠΏΠΈΠΈ. Π’ΡΠ΅Π±ΡΡΡΡΡ Π΄Π°Π»ΡΠ½Π΅ΠΉΡΠΈΠ΅ ΠΏΠ»Π°ΡΠ΅Π±ΠΎ-ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΡΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΡΠ΅ ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ Π΄Π»Ρ ΠΈΠ·ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π²Π»ΠΈΡΠ½ΠΈΡ ΠΌΠ°Π³Π½ΠΈΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΡΠΈΠΌΡΠ»ΡΡΠΈΠΈ Π½Π° Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π²ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠΈΠ½Π΄ΡΠΎΠΌ ΠΈ ΡΡΠΎΠ²Π΅Π½Ρ ΡΡΠ΅Π²ΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ Ρ ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΈΠ΅Π½ΡΠΎΠ² Ρ Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡΡ Π² ΡΠΏΠΈΠ½Π΅ ΠΈ ΡΠ°Π΄ΠΈΠΊΡΠ»ΠΎΠΏΠ°ΡΠΈΠ΅ΠΉ
Autoantibody levels in blood of <i>H. pylori</i>-infected patients with chronic gastritis
Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) increases the risk of diseases associated with mucous membrane inflammation of gastrointestinal tract, in particular, gastritis, stomach ulcers, and duodenal ulcers. It may also induce a chronic immune response, causing damage to the mucous membrane and development of these diseases. In addition, the role of H. pylori in the initiation of a wide range of autoimmune diseases is discussed. The aim of this study was to assess the level of autoantibodies β markers of various autoimmune diseases in the blood of H. pylori-infected patients with chronic gastritis. We used samples of whole peripheral blood from 267 primary patients with chronic gastritis in the acute stage. The presence of H. pylori in gastric juice from patients was determined using real-time PCR. The level of autoantibodies to double-stranded and single-stranded DNA, autoantibodies to thyroglobulin, thyroid peroxidase, concentration of rheumatoid factor, IgG autoantibodies to the cyclic citrullinated peptide, IgM and IgG autoantibodies to beta(2)-glycoprotein were determined by the enzyme immunoassay. The average level of rheumatoid factor in blood serum was similar for H. pylori-infected and non-infected patients, and did not exceed the normal values. The level of antibodies to cyclic citrullinated peptide, one of the sensitive markers of rheumatoid arthritis, was increased in all patients, being, however, significantly lower in H. pylori-infected patients compared with non-infected persons. Autoantibodies to thyroglobulin, thyroid peroxidase are considered classic markers of autoimmune diseases of the thyroid gland. In blood of H. pylori-infected patients we have found an increased concentration of autoantibodies to thyroglobulin and thyroid peroxidase in comparison with non-infected ones, but the average level of these antibodies did not exceed the normal range. Any differences in the levels of systemic lupus erythematosus serological markers, i.e., autoantibodies to double-stranded and single-stranded DNA, were found between H. pylori-infected and non-infected patients. The levels of thrombosis risk marker in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (IgG and IgM autoantibodies to beta(2)-glycoprotein) were also within the normal ranges. However, in H. pylori-infected patients, it even turned out to be statistically significantly lower than in non-infected ones. Thus, no data have been obtained on increased levels of the tested markers of autoimmune pathology in blood of H. pylori-infected patients with chronic gastritis at the acute stage. However, this does not allow us to make an unambiguous conclusion that the influence of H. pylori does not affect the development of immunological changes associated with autoimmune diseases
Russian clinical practice guidelines Β«congenital adrenal hyperplasiaΒ»
Congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH) is a group of autosomal recessive diseases characterized by a defect in one of the enzymes or transport proteins involved in the cortisol synthesis in the adrenal cortex. The most common form of CAH, which occurs in more than 90% of cases, is a 21-hydroxylase enzyme deficiency. The latter is subdivided into nonclassical and classic (salt-losing and virilizing) forms. The prevalence of classic forms of 21-hydroxylase deficiency ranges from 1: 14,000 to 1:18,000 live births worldwide. According to the data of neonatal screening in the Russian Federation, the prevalence of the disease in some regions ranges from 1: 5000 to 1: 12000, in the country as a whole - 1: 9638 live newborns. The non-classical form of CAH occurs more often - from 1: 500 to 1: 1000 among the general population. In second place is the hypertensive form of CAH - a deficiency of 11Ξ²-hydroxylase, which, according to the literature, occurs in about 1 per 100,000 newborns. These clinical guidelines were compiled by a professional community of narrow specialists, approved by the expert council of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, and updated the previous version published in 2016. The clinical guidelines are based on systematic reviews, meta-analyses and original articles, and scientific work on this issue in the Russian Federation and other countries. The purpose of this document is to provide clinicians with the most up-to-date, evidence-based guidelines for the CAH diagnosis and treatmen
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