524 research outputs found
Recommended from our members
Smoking and Pancreatic Cancer in Men and Women
Most studies of smoking and pancreatic cancer have used male subjects or combined men and women together in statistical analyses. There is little information on the relative risk of smoking and pancreatic cancer in women. Because of the high case-fatality rate, many of these studies were also based on information gathered from proxy respondents, in which smoking habits may not be recalled with certainty. A hospital-based study of 484 male and female patients with pancreatic cancer and 954 control subjects was conducted based on direct interviews of incident cases. Compared to never smokers, the odds ratio (OR) for current cigarette smokers was 1.6 [95% confidence interval (CI), 1.1-2.4] for men and 2.3 (95% CI, 1.4-3.5) for women. In women, but not in men, there was a trend in the ORs with years of daily cigarette consumption (P < 0.01). Filter cigarettes offered no protective advantage compared to nonfilter cigarettes. Among men, the OR was 2.1 (95% CI, 1.2-3.8) for pipe/ cigar smokers and 3.6 (95% CI, 1.0-12.8) for tobacco chewers. Tobacco smoke causes pancreatic cancer when inhaled into the lungs. Tobacco juice may also cause pancreatic cancer when ingested or absorbed through the oral cavity. These data suggest that smoking is a cause of pancreatic cancer in women and that the risks for female smokers are comparable to male smokers. Nevertheless, the causes of most pancreatic cancers are unknown
Recommended from our members
The epidemiology of left-handedness in a hospital population
PURPOSE: We evaluated the association between left-handedness (LH) and age, education, cigarette smoking, alcohol consumption, and disease status in a case-control study of 8801 hospitalized patients with cancer and those with other conditions. METHODS: Subjects were interviewed in person using a structured questionnaire that contained detailed sections of lifestyle behaviors. RESULTS: The overall prevalences of LH were 7.6% among men and 6.5% among women. Among both sexes LH declined with increasing age (p > 0.05). After adjustment for age, the following associations were observed. Men had a higher risk of LH than women. The prevalence of LH was lower in ever-married subjects compared with never-married subjects (odds ratio [OR] for men, 0.7; 95% confidence intervals [CI], 0.5-0.9; for women, OR, 0.5; 95% CI, 0.3-0.9). Among men, the prevalence of LH was not associated with race, years of education, smoking status, or levels of alcohol consumption. The risk of LH was elevated in men diagnosed with fractures as compared with all other male patients (OR, 2.4; 95% CI, 1.3-6.7). Among women, LH was not associated with race, smoking, or hormonal and reproductive factors, but LH was more common among female high-school and college graduates and among self-reported alcoholics. The odds ratio of LH was significantly lower in women with breast cancer (OR, 0.3; 95% CI, 0.1-0.7). CONCLUSIONS: The increased risk of serious injuries in LH IS not a result of higher alcohol use. Handedness might be an important factor in the safe use of industrial equipment
Recommended from our members
Risk of squamous cell carcinoma and adenocarcinoma of the lung in relation to lifetime filter cigarette smoking
Over the past few decades, the incidence of adenocarcinoma (AC) of the lung increased much more rapidly than that of squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) in men and women. During this time period, filter cigarettes with substantially reduced ‘‘tar’’ and nicotine yields in the smoke came to dominate the market. METHODS. The risk of SCC and AC in lifelong smokers of filter cigarettes relative to lifelong nonfilter cigarette smokers was assessed in a case-control study performed between 1977 and 1995 with 2292 lung carcinoma patients and 1343 hospital controls who were current smokers. RESULTS. Odds ratios (OR) for SCC in male and female subjects who had smoked filter cigarettes exclusively during their lives were slightly reduced relative to lifetime nonfilter cigarette smokers in men (OR . 0.8; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.5–1.2), and significantly reduced in women (OR = 0.4; 95% CI, 0.2–0.8). No reduction in risk was observed for AC of the lung in men or women. CONCLUSIONS. Evidence that the increasing predominance of AC over SCC may be due in part to the reduced risk of SCC (but not AC) associated with lifelong filter cigarette smoking is strongest in women; for men, further studies that include larger numbers of lifetime filter smokers are needed to confirm this finding. A lack of protection against AC from low yield filter cigarettes may result from smokers’ ‘‘compensating’’ with deeper and more frequent inhalation, thereby increasing delivery of carcinogens to the peripheral lung. The smoke of modern cigarettes also contains higher concentrations of nitrosamines that primarily produce AC
- …