7 research outputs found
FORMAT OF STRATEGY: THE BIGGEST RUSSIAN COMPANIES PRACTICE
The article analyzes different approaches and practical aspects of the strategy format. The aim of the study is to understand the formats of existing strategies of enterprises. On this basis, it is revealed which of them are more often used in practice, what kind of ready-made strategy has, how it relates to the recommendations of the theory. Among the theory of strategy, three groups of approaches identified: strategy as a goal, strategy as an action and their mix. On their basis, the strategies of the largest Russian companies consider in detail. They made it possible to identify the specific features of the strategic structure. It includes duration, type, target orientation, publicity. The largest Russian companies form the strategy in accordance with the recommendations of the modern theory of strategic planning. Usually, the strategy is presented as public, with a limited validity period, detailed by areas of activity. It is with the direction sets of strategic decisions or vectors of development in this area
Π€ΠΠ ΠΠΠ’ Π‘Π’Π ΠΠ’ΠΠΠΠ: ΠΠ ΠΠΠ’ΠΠΠ ΠΠ Π£ΠΠΠΠΠ¨ΠΠ₯ Π ΠΠ‘Π‘ΠΠΠ‘ΠΠΠ₯ ΠΠ ΠΠΠΠ ΠΠ―Π’ΠΠ
The article analyzes different approaches and practical aspects of the strategy format. The aim of the study is to understand the formats of existing strategies of enterprises. On this basis, it is revealed which of them are more often used in practice, what kind of ready-made strategy has, how it relates to the recommendations of the theory. Among the theory of strategy, three groups of approaches identified: strategy as a goal, strategy as an action and their mix. On their basis, the strategies of the largest Russian companies consider in detail. They made it possible to identify the specific features of the strategic structure. It includes duration, type, target orientation, publicity. The largest Russian companies form the strategy in accordance with the recommendations of the modern theory of strategic planning. Usually, the strategy is presented as public, with a limited validity period, detailed by areas of activity. It is with the direction sets of strategic decisions or vectors of development in this area.Π ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡΡΡ Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ· ΡΠ°Π·Π»ΠΈΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Ρ
ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ² ΠΊ ΡΡΡΠ°ΡΠ΅Π³ΠΈΠΈ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠ°Π½ΠΈΠΈ, Π²ΡΡΠ²Π»ΡΡΡΡΡ ΠΏΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠ΅ Π°ΡΠΏΠ΅ΠΊΡΡ ΡΠΎΡΠΌΠ°ΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΈ ΡΡΡΡΠΊΡΡΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΡΡΠ°ΡΠ΅Π³ΠΈΠΈ. Π¦Π΅Π»Ρ ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ β ΠΏΠΎΠ½ΡΡΡ ΡΠΎΡΠΌΠ°ΡΡ Π΄Π΅ΠΉΡΡΠ²ΡΡΡΠΈΡ
ΡΡΡΠ°ΡΠ΅Π³ΠΈΠΉ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΏΡΠΈΡΡΠΈΠΉ ΠΈ Π²ΡΡΠ²ΠΈΡΡ Π½Π° ΡΡΠΎΠΉ ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π΅, ΠΊΠ°ΠΊΠΈΠ΅ ΠΈΠ· Π½ΠΈΡ
ΡΠ°ΡΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΡΡΡΡ Π½Π° ΠΏΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠΈΠΊΠ΅, ΠΊΠ°ΠΊΠΎΠΉ Π²ΠΈΠ΄ ΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π΅Ρ Π³ΠΎΡΠΎΠ²Π°Ρ ΡΡΡΠ°ΡΠ΅Π³ΠΈΡ, ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ ΠΎΠ½Π° ΡΠΎΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΡΠΈΡΡΡ Ρ ΡΠ΅ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΄Π°ΡΠΈΡΠΌΠΈ ΡΠ΅ΠΎΡΠΈΠΈ. Π‘ΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΈ ΡΠ΅ΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Ρ
ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ² ΠΊ ΠΏΠΎΠ½ΠΈΠΌΠ°Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΡΡΠ°ΡΠ΅Π³ΠΈΠΈ Π±ΡΠ»ΠΈ Π²ΡΡΠ²Π»Π΅Π½Ρ: ΡΡΡΠ°ΡΠ΅Π³ΠΈΡ ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ ΡΠ΅Π»Ρ, ΡΡΡΠ°ΡΠ΅Π³ΠΈΡ ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ Π΄Π΅ΠΉΡΡΠ²ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΈ ΠΈΡ
ΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΊΡΠΏΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡ. ΠΠ° Π΄Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π΅ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄ΡΠΎΠ±Π½ΠΎ Π±ΡΠ»ΠΈ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΌΠΎΡΡΠ΅Π½Ρ ΡΡΡΠ°ΡΠ΅Π³ΠΈΠΈ ΠΊΡΡΠΏΠ½Π΅ΠΉΡΠΈΡ
ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠ°Π½ΠΈΠΉ Π ΠΎΡΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΈ Π²ΡΡΠ²Π»Π΅Π½Ρ ΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠ΅ ΠΎΡΠΎΠ±Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΈΡ
ΡΡΡΡΠΊΡΡΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ. ΠΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Ρ ΡΠΎΡΡΠ°Π²Π½ΡΠ΅ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΈ ΡΡΡΡΠΊΡΡΡΡ ΡΡΡΠ°ΡΠ΅Π³ΠΈΠΈ: Π΅Π΅ Π΄Π»ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡ, Π²ΠΈΠ΄, ΡΠ΅Π»Π΅Π²Π°Ρ Π½Π°ΠΏΡΠ°Π²Π»Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΡΡΡ, ΠΎΡΠΊΡΡΡΠΎΡΡΡ. Π Π΄Π΅ΡΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΊΡΡΠΏΠ½Π΅ΠΉΡΠΈΡ
ΡΠΎΡΡΠΈΠΉΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠ°Π½ΠΈΠΉ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Ρ
ΠΎΠ΄Ρ ΠΊ ΡΠΎΡΠΌΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΡΡΠ°ΡΠ΅Π³ΠΈΠΈ ΡΠΎΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡΡΡ Ρ ΡΠ΅ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΄Π°ΡΠΈΡΠΌΠΈ ΡΠΎΠ²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ΅ΠΎΡΠΈΠΈ ΡΡΡΠ°ΡΠ΅Π³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΠ»Π°Π½ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ. ΠΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Π»Π°ΡΡ ΠΎΡΠΊΡΡΡΠ°Ρ ΠΈ ΡΡΠΎΡΠ½Π°Ρ ΡΡΡΠ°ΡΠ΅Π³ΠΈΡ Ρ Π΄Π΅ΡΠ°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΠ΅ΠΉ ΠΏΠΎ Π½Π°ΠΏΡΠ°Π²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡΠΌ Π΄Π΅ΡΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ, Π²Π½ΡΡΡΠΈ ΠΊΠ°ΠΆΠ΄ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π½Π°ΠΏΡΠ°Π²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΡΠΎΡΠΌΡΠ»ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Ρ Π½Π°Π±ΠΎΡΡ ΡΡΡΠ°ΡΠ΅Π³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ Π½Π°ΠΏΡΠ°Π²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ Π²Π΅ΠΊΡΠΎΡΠΎΠ² ΡΠ°Π·Π²ΠΈΡΠΈΡ Π² Π΄Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΎΠ±Π»Π°ΡΡΠΈ
Π‘ΠΌΡΡΠ»ΠΎΡΠΎΡΠΌΠΈΡΡΡΡΠ°Ρ ΡΡΠ½ΠΊΡΠΈΡ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΡΠ° Π² ΠΏΡΠ±Π»ΠΈΡΠΈΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΡΠ°Ρ
The effect-producing function of publicistic texts is realized within the framework of moral values existing in society; therefore, axiological value is an obligatory characteristic of a publicistic text. Since current moral values in society and public consciousness are not static and change due to events in political, economic, scientific, cultural and other areas of human life, we believe that publicistic texts reflect the condition of mentality of a particular society during a particular historical period. The main goal of this research is to study the impact of the social and cultural context on the semantic structure of publicistic texts and elucidate in what way this influence is relevant to the changes in social consciousness. The material of the study includes current Russian and Polish publicistic texts from mass media sources ("Regnum", "Izvestia", "Kommersant", "PT", "W polityce", "Newsweek", "dziennik.pl", etc.), as well as Russian and Polish political lexicography (Mustafin 2012; Sanxharevskij 2010; Wasiluk, Zmarzer 2012, etc.), and the results of an associative experiment conducted among 170 Russian and Polish participants, The findings demonstate possible connections and further tendencies of the actualization of words, which deviate from dictionary meanings, The results of the investigation carried out with the help of contextual analysis also allowed us to conclude that the attention to the sense-forming function of the context is methodologically essential for the study of publicistic texts and their translation into a foreign language because the changes in people's mentality under the influence of social and cultural contexts are materialized in the contextual meanings. They are also reflected in the transformation of word meanings: A word can acquire additional connotations or meanings which in some cases may fully replace the dictionary meanings. The results of the research can be used in sociolinguistics, lexicography and translation of publicistic texts. Β© 2019 Peoples' Friendship University of Russia. All Rights Reserved.ΠΠΎΠ·Π΄Π΅ΠΉΡΡΠ²ΡΡΡΠ°Ρ ΡΡΠ½ΠΊΡΠΈΡ ΠΏΡΠ±Π»ΠΈΡΠΈΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΡΠ° ΡΠ΅Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ Π² ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΊΠ°Ρ
ΡΠΎΡΠΈΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ, ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΠ°Ρ ΠΎΠΏΠΈΡΠ°Π΅ΡΡΡ Π½Π° ΡΡΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²ΡΡΡΠΈΠ΅ Π² ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π΅ Π½ΠΎΡΠΌΡ ΠΌΠΎΡΠ°Π»ΠΈ, ΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎ, ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ·Π°ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ Ρ
Π°ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΡΠΈΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΡΠ±Π»ΠΈΡΠΈΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΡΠ° ΡΠ²Π»ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡ. ΠΠΎΡΠΊΠΎΠ»ΡΠΊΡ Π΄Π΅ΠΉΡΡΠ²ΡΡΡΠ°Ρ Π² ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π΅ ΠΌΠΎΡΠ°Π»Ρ, Π° Π·Π½Π°ΡΠΈΡ, ΠΈ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠ΅ ΡΠΎΠ·Π½Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅, Π½Π΅ ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡΠ½Ρ, ΠΎΠ½ΠΈ ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΡΡΡΡ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄ Π²ΠΎΠ·Π΄Π΅ΠΉΡΡΠ²ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ ΡΠΎΠ±ΡΡΠΈΠΉ, ΠΏΡΠΎΠΈΡΡ
ΠΎΠ΄ΡΡΠΈΡ
Π² ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ, ΡΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ, Π½Π°ΡΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ, ΠΊΡΠ»ΡΡΡΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΈ Π΄ΡΡΠ³ΠΈΡ
ΡΡΠ΅ΡΠ°Ρ
ΡΠ΅Π»ΠΎΠ²Π΅ΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ Π΄Π΅ΡΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ, ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΎ ΡΡΠ²Π΅ΡΠΆΠ΄Π°ΡΡ, ΡΡΠΎ ΠΏΡΠ±Π»ΠΈΡΠΈΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΡΡ ΠΎΡΡΠ°ΠΆΠ°ΡΡ ΡΠΎΡΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠΎΠ·Π½Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΎΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π° Π² ΠΎΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½Π½ΡΠΉ ΠΈΡΡΠΎΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠΉ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΎΠ΄. Π¦Π΅Π»Ρ Π½Π°ΡΡΠΎΡΡΠ΅ΠΉ ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΡ - ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΌΠΎΡΡΠ΅ΡΡ Π²Π»ΠΈΡΠ½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠΎΡΠΈΠΎΠΊΡΠ»ΡΡΡΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΡΠ° Π½Π° ΡΡΡΡΠΊΡΡΡΡ ΠΏΡΠ±Π»ΠΈΡΠΈΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΡΠΎΠ² ΠΈ ΡΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΡΡ, ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ ΡΡΠΎ Π²Π»ΠΈΡΠ½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠΎΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΡΠΈΡΡΡ Ρ ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΡΠΌΠΈ, ΠΏΡΠΎΠΈΡΡ
ΠΎΠ΄ΡΡΠΈΠΌΠΈ Π² ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠΌ ΡΠΎΠ·Π½Π°Π½ΠΈΠΈ. ΠΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ°Π»ΠΎΠΌ ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ»ΡΠΆΠΈΠ»ΠΈ ΡΠΎΠ²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΠ΅ ΡΠΎΡΡΠΈΠΉΡΠΊΠΈΠ΅ ΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠΊΠΈΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠ±Π»ΠΈΡΠΈΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΡΡ, Π²Π·ΡΡΡΠ΅ ΠΈΠ· Π‘ΠΠ (Β«Π Π΅Π³Π½ΡΠΌΒ», Β«ΠΠ·Π²Π΅ΡΡΠΈΡΒ», Β«ΠΠΎΠΌΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠ°Π½ΡΡΒ», Β«Π Π’Β», Β«W polityceΒ», Β«NewsweekΒ», Β«dziennik.plΒ» ΠΈ Π΄Ρ.), ΡΠΎΡΡΠΈΠΉΡΠΊΠ°Ρ ΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠΊΠ°Ρ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠ°Ρ Π»Π΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠΊΠΎΠ³ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡ (Π.Π. ΠΡΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠ½ 2012; Π.Π. Π‘Π°Π½ΠΆΠ°ΡΠ΅Π²ΡΠΊΠΈΠΉ 2010; J. Wasiluk, W. Zmarzer 2012 ΠΈ Π΄Ρ.), Π° ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ ΡΠ΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΡ Π°ΡΡΠΎΡΠΈΠ°ΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠΊΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠ°, ΠΏΡΠΎΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π² ΡΠΎΡΡΠΈΠΉΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ Π°ΡΠ΄ΠΈΡΠΎΡΠΈΡΡ
, Π² ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΠΎΠΌ ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΠ²ΠΎΠ²Π°Π»ΠΎ 170 ΡΠ΅Π»ΠΎΠ²Π΅ΠΊ. Π ΡΠΎΠΎΡΠ²Π΅ΡΡΡΠ²ΠΈΠΈ Ρ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΠΌΠΈ Π΄Π°Π½Π½ΡΠΌΠΈ Π±ΡΠ»ΠΈ Π²ΡΡΠ²Π»Π΅Π½Ρ Π²ΠΎΠ·ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΡΠ²ΡΠ·ΠΈ ΠΈ Π΄Π°Π»ΡΠ½Π΅ΠΉΡΠΈΠ΅ Π½Π°ΠΏΡΠ°Π²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π°ΠΊΡΡΠ°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΡΠ»ΠΎΠ², ΠΎΡΡΡΡΠΏΠ°ΡΡΠΈΡ
ΠΎΡ ΡΠΏΠΎΡΡΠ΅Π±Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ, ΡΠΎΠΎΡΠ²Π΅ΡΡΡΠ²ΡΡΡΠ΅Π³ΠΎ ΡΠ»ΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΠ½ΡΠΌ Π·Π½Π°ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡΠΌ. Π ΡΠ΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΠ΅ ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΡ, ΠΏΡΠΎΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΡΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠΌΠΎΡΠΈ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄Π° ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΡΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π°, Π±ΡΠ»ΠΎ ΡΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΎ, ΡΡΠΎ Π²Π½ΠΈΠΌΠ°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΊ ΡΠΌΡΡΠ»ΠΎΡΠΎΡΠΌΠΈΡΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΉ ΡΡΠ½ΠΊΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΡΠ° ΡΠ²Π»ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈ Π½Π΅ΠΎΠ±Ρ
ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠΌΡΠΌ ΠΏΡΠΈ ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΈ ΠΏΡΠ±Π»ΠΈΡΠΈΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΡΠΎΠ² ΠΈ ΠΈΡ
ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π²ΠΎΠ΄Π΅ Π½Π° ΠΈΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡΠ°Π½Π½ΡΠΉ ΡΠ·ΡΠΊ, ΠΏΠΎΡΠΊΠΎΠ»ΡΠΊΡ ΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎ Π² ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΡΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
Π·Π½Π°ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡΡ
ΠΏΠΎΠ½ΡΡΠΈΠΉ ΡΠΈΠΊΡΠΈΡΡΡΡΡΡ ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ, ΠΏΡΠΎΠΈΡΡ
ΠΎΠ΄ΡΡΠΈΠ΅ Π² ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠΌ ΡΠΎΠ·Π½Π°Π½ΠΈΠΈ, ΠΏΠΎΠ΄ Π²ΠΎΠ·Π΄Π΅ΠΉΡΡΠ²ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ ΡΠΎΡΠΈΠΎΠΊΡΠ»ΡΡΡΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΡΠ°. ΠΡΠΎ ΠΌΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ°Π»ΠΈΠ·ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ Π² ΡΠΎΠΌ ΡΠΈΡΠ»Π΅ Π² ΡΡΠ°Π½ΡΡΠΎΡΠΌΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ Π·Π½Π°ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ ΡΠ»ΠΎΠ²: ΡΠ»ΠΎΠ²ΠΎ ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ΅Ρ ΠΏΡΠΈΠΎΠ±ΡΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΡ Π΄ΠΎΠΏΠΎΠ»Π½ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠ΅, ΡΠ°Π½Π΅Π΅ Π½Π΅ ΡΠ²ΠΎΠΉΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΡΠ΅ Π΅ΠΌΡ ΠΊΠΎΠ½Π½ΠΎΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ Π»ΠΈΠ±ΠΎ Π΄ΠΎΠΏΠΎΠ»Π½ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ΅ Π·Π½Π°ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅, ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΠΎΠ΅ Π² Π½Π΅ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΡ
ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΡ
ΠΏΠΎΠ»Π½ΠΎΡΡΡΡ Π·Π°ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ°Π΅Ρ Π·Π½Π°ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅, Π·Π°ΡΠΈΠΊΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠ΅ Π² ΡΠ»ΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΠ΅. ΠΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΠ΅ ΡΠ΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΡ ΠΌΠΎΠ³ΡΡ Π±ΡΡΡ ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Ρ Π² ΡΠΎΡΠΈΠΎΠ»ΠΈΠ½Π³Π²ΠΈΡΡΠΈΠΊΠ΅, Π² ΠΏΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠΈΠΊΠ΅ Π»Π΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠΊΠΎΠ³ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΎΠΏΠΈΡΠ°Π½ΠΈΡ, Π° ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠΈ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π²ΠΎΠ΄Π΅ ΠΏΡΠ±Π»ΠΈΡΠΈΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΡΠΎΠ²