Imatinib Resistance and Relapse in CML Patients with Complex Chromosomal Variants

The BCR-ABL tyrosine kinase inhibitor Imatinib is highly effective for chronic myeloid leukemia (CML). However, some patients gradually develop resistance to Imatinib, resulting in therapeutic failure. In the present study, we analyzed 192 CML patients, from which CML relapse was observed in 17 individuals with involvement of other chromosomes in addition to Philadelphia translocation and who were on treatment of Imatinib (400mg per day since last 3-4 years). Interestingly, all 17 individuals had only BCR/ABL fusion at the time of diagnosis and attained complete Cytogenetic and hematological remission (CHR) within 18 weeks of the therapy. Three individuals among these 17 were not regular in the uptake of Imatinib after attaining CHR and CCyR and could be probable reason for relapse. In addition, we have also recorded primary resistance to Imatinib in 4 individuals who were diagnosed with some complex chromosomal variants. Therefore, either involvement of other genes along with BCR/ABL fusion, or additional chromosomes and point mutation in the fusion BCR/ABL gene itself could be a reason for primary resistance and relapse to Imatinib

Standard Model with Cosmologically Broken Quantum Scale Invariance

We argue that scale invariance is not anomalous in quantum field theory, provided it is broken cosmologically. We consider a locally scale invariant extension of the Standard Model of particle physics and argue that it fits both the particle and cosmological observations. The model is scale invariant both classically and quantum mechanically. The scale invariance is broken cosmologically producing all the dimensionful parameters. The cosmological constant or dark energy is a prediction of the theory and can be calculated systematically order by order in perturbation theory. It is expected to be finite at all orders. The model does not suffer from the hierarchy problem due to absence of scalar particles, including the Higgs, from the physical spectrum.Comment: 13 pages, no figures significant revisions, no change in results or conclusion

Ultralow-power local laser control of the dimer density in alkali-metal vapors through photodesorption

Ultralow-power diode-laser radiation is employed to induce photodesorption of cesium from a partially transparent thin-film cesium adsorbate on a solid surface. Using resonant Raman spectroscopy, we demonstrate that this photodesorption process enables an accurate local optical control of the density of dimer molecules in alkali-metal vapors.Comment: 4 pages, 4 figure

Spectral Dependence of Polarized Radiation due to Spatial Correlations

We study the polarization of light emitted by spatially correlated sources. We show that in general polarization acquires nontrivial spectral dependence due to spatial correlations. The spectral dependence is found to be absent only for a special class of sources where the correlation length scales as the wavelength of light. We further study the cross correlations between two spatially distinct points that are generated due to propagation. It is found that such cross correlation leads to sufficiently strong spectral dependence of polarization which can be measured experimentally.Comment: 5 pages, 4 figure

Gravitational collapse in asymptotically Anti-de Sitter/de Sitter backgrounds

We study here the gravitational collapse of a matter cloud with a non-vanishing tangential pressure in the presence of a non-zero cosmological term. Conditions for bounce and singularity formation are derived for the model. It is also shown that when the tangential pressures vanish, the bounce and singularity conditions reduce to that of the dust case studied earlier. The collapsing interior is matched with an exterior which is asymptotically de Sitter or anti de Sitter, depending on the sign of cosmological constant. The junction conditions for matching the cloud to exterior are specified. The effect of the cosmological term on apparent horizons is studied in some detail, and the nature of central singularity is analyzed. We also discuss here the visibility of the singularity and implications for the cosmic censorship conjecture.Comment: 11 pages, 1 figure, Revtex

Statistical mechanics of transcription-factor binding site discovery using Hidden Markov Models

Hidden Markov Models (HMMs) are a commonly used tool for inference of transcription factor (TF) binding sites from DNA sequence data. We exploit the mathematical equivalence between HMMs for TF binding and the "inverse" statistical mechanics of hard rods in a one-dimensional disordered potential to investigate learning in HMMs. We derive analytic expressions for the Fisher information, a commonly employed measure of confidence in learned parameters, in the biologically relevant limit where the density of binding sites is low. We then use techniques from statistical mechanics to derive a scaling principle relating the specificity (binding energy) of a TF to the minimum amount of training data necessary to learn it.Comment: 25 pages, 2 figures, 1 table V2 - typos fixed and new references adde

Emitter-Metasurface Interface for Manipulating Emission Characteristics of Quantum Defects

We demonstrate a chip-scale quantum emitter-metamaterial device that emits highly directional photons. Our device opens the door for quantum imaging of yveak sources by adding photon(s) to manipulate the photon statistics for improved signal-to-noise ratio

Emitter-Metasurface Interface for Manipulating Emission Characteristics of Quantum Defects

We demonstrate a chip-scale quantum emitter-metamaterial device that emits highly directional photons. Our device opens the door for quantum imaging of yveak sources by adding photon(s) to manipulate the photon statistics for improved signal-to-noise ratio

Gravitational collapse from smooth initial data with vanishing radial pressure

We study here the spherical gravitational collapse assuming initial data to be necessarily smooth, as motivated by the requirements based on physical reasonableness. A tangential pressure model is constructed and analyzed in order to understand the final fate of collapse explicitly in terms of the density and pressure parameters at the initial epoch from which the collapsedevelops. It is seen that both black holes and naked singularities are produced as collapse end states even when the initial data is smooth. We show that the outcome is decided entirely in terms of the initial data, as given by density, pressure and velocity profiles at the initial epoch, from which the collapse evolves.Comment: 10 pages,3 figures,revtex4,Revised Versio