Application of Building Typologies for Modelling the Energy Balance of the Residential Building Stock

Building typologies can serve as a basis for analysing the national housing sector. During the TABULA project which was introducing or further developing building typologies in thirteen EU countries, six of the European partners have carried out model calculations which aim at imaging the energy consumption and estimating the energy saving potentials of their national residential building stocks (IWU / Germany, NOA / Greece, POLITO / Italy, VITO / Belgium, STU-K / Czech Republic, SBi / Denmark). The results show that the model calculations can provide plausible projections of the energy consumption of the national residential buildings stock. The fit of model calculations and national energy statistics is satisfactory, deviations can often be explained and corrected by adapting standard boundary conditions of the applied calculation models to more realistic values. In general, the analysis shows that building typologies can be a helpful tool for modelling the energy consumption of national building stocks and for carrying out scenario analysis beyond the TABULA project. The consideration of a set of representative buildings makes it possible to have a detailed view on various packages of measures for the complete buildings stock or for its sub-categories. The effects of different insulation measures at the respective construction elements as well as different heat supply measures including renewable energies can be considered in detail. The quality of future model calculations will depend very much on the availability of statistical data. For reliable scenario analysis information is necessary about the current state of the building stock (How many buildings and heating systems have been refurbished until now?) and about the current trends (How many buildings and heating systems are being refurbished every year?). The availability and regular update of the relevant statistical data will be an important basis for the development and evaluation of national climate protection strategies in the building secto

Active and passive in-plane wall fluctuations in turbulent channel flows

The authors are grateful to AkzoNobel’s Marine Coatings business (International Paint Ltd) and the Energy Technology Partnership [ETP106] for financial support. DNS computations were carried out on the ARCHER UK National Supercomputing Service (http://www.archer.ac.uk).Peer reviewedPublisher PD

Application of Building Typologies for Modelling the Energy Balance of the Residential Building Stock.

Building typologies can serve as a basis for analysing the national housing sector. During the TABULA project which was introducing or further developing building typologies in thirteen EU countries, six of the European partners have carried out model calculations which aim at imaging the energy consumption and estimating the energy saving potentials of their national residential building stocks (IWU / Germany, NOA / Greece, POLITO / Italy, VITO / Belgium, STU-K / Czech Republic, SBi / Denmark). The results show that the model calculations can provide plausible projections of the energy consumption of the national residential buildings stock. The fit of model calculations and national energy statistics is satisfactory, deviations can often be explained and corrected by adapting standard boundary conditions of the applied calculation models to more realistic values. In general, the analysis shows that building typologies can be a helpful tool for modelling the energy consumption of national building stocks and for carrying out scenario analysis beyond the TABULA project. The consideration of a set of representative buildings makes it possible to have a detailed view on various packages of measures for the complete buildings stock or for its sub-categories. The effects of different insulation measures at the respective construction elements as well as different heat supply measures including renewable energies can be considered in detail. The quality of future model calculations will depend very much on the availability of statistical data. For reliable scenario analysis information is necessary about the current state of the building stock (How many buildings and heating systems have been refurbished until now?) and about the current trends (How many buildings and heating systems are being refurbished every year?). The availability and regular update of the relevant statistical data will be an important basis for the development and evaluation of national climate protection strategies in the building sector

Estudio experimental sobre el comportamiento térmico de un nuevo tipo de techo-estanque para el enfriamiento pasivo en clima húmedo

En este trabajo, una nueva tipología de techo-estanque metálico, basado en el enfriamiento evaporativo indirecto, que incluye masa térmica confinada, se evalúa experimentalmente. Cinco sistemas de enfriamiento pasivo se han estudiado con este dispositivo experimental. Se analizan sus temperaturas características con el propósito de determinar en cada caso, su potencial de enfriamiento, así como, la influencia de la masa térmica en su comportamiento térmico. Entre las técnicas de enfriamiento pasivo aplicadas se encuentran el enfriamiento evaporativo indirecto (EEI) y el enfriamiento radiativo nocturno (ER). El sistema donde se combina masa térmica con enfriamiento evaporativo indirecto en el dispositivo experimental presenta una elevada eficiencia de enfriamiento; su valor aumenta a medida que las condiciones son más extremas. Un potencial de enfriamiento aun mayor se consigue al agregar al sistema anterior enfriamiento radiativo

Carbon dioxide reduction in the building life cycle: a critical review

The construction industry is known to be a major contributor to environmental pressures due to its high energy consumption and carbon dioxide generation. The growing amount of carbon dioxide emissions over buildings’ life cycles has prompted academics and professionals to initiate various studies relating to this problem. Researchers have been exploring carbon dioxide reduction methods for each phase of the building life cycle – from planning and design, materials production, materials distribution and construction process, maintenance and renovation, deconstruction and disposal, to the material reuse and recycle phase. This paper aims to present the state of the art in carbon dioxide reduction studies relating to the construction industry. Studies of carbon dioxide reduction throughout the building life cycle are reviewed and discussed, including those relating to green building design, innovative low carbon dioxide materials, green construction methods, energy efficiency schemes, life cycle energy analysis, construction waste management, reuse and recycling of materials and the cradle-to-cradle concept. The review provides building practitioners and researchers with a better understanding of carbon dioxide reduction potential and approaches worldwide. Opportunities for carbon dioxide reduction can thereby be maximised over the building life cycle by creating environmentally benign designs and using low carbon dioxide materials

A hydrodynamic stress model for simulating turbulence/particle interactions with immersed boundary methods

In this work we propose a hydrodynamic stress model that accurately reconstructs the forces on an immersed body, with application to the simulation of turbulence interacting with finite-size particles of arbitrary shape. The proposed model is local and is based on the boundary layer approximation, where the effects of surface curvature on the pressure variation are accounted for. Numerical experiments show that the model requires about one or two grid points within the boundary layer to accurately reconstruct the hydrodynamic force distribution. This reduces significantly the cost of resolving the flow field around the particles. The accuracy of the proposed model is evaluated in a variety of flows with increasing complexity. In particular, results for the flows over stationary and oscillating circular cylinders, free falling cylinders and spheres, and the interaction of turbulence with spheres and ellipsoids will be presented. (C) 2019 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved