17 research outputs found
Yeast cell wall extracts from Saccharomyces cerevisiae varying in structure and composition differentially shape the innate immunity and mucosal tissue responses of the intestine of zebrafish (Danio rerio)
With the rising awareness of antimicrobial resistance, the development and use of functional feed additives (FFAs) as an alternative prophylactic approach to improve animal health and performance is increasing. Although the FFAs from yeasts are widely used in animal and human pharma applications already, the success of future candidates resides in linking their structural functional properties to their efficacy in vivo. Herein, this study aimed to characterise the biochemical and molecular properties of four proprietary yeast cell wall extracts from S. cerevisiae in relation to their potential effect on the intestinal immune responses when given orally. Dietary supplementation of the YCW fractions identified that the α-mannan content was a potent driver of mucus cell and intraepithelial lymphocyte hyperplasia within the intestinal mucosal tissue. Furthermore, the differences in α-mannan and ÎČ-1,3-glucans chain lengths of each YCW fraction affected their capacity to be recognised by different PRRs. As a result, this affected the downstream signalling and shaping of the innate cytokine milieu to elicit the preferential mobilisation of effector T-helper cell subsets namely Th17, Th1, Tr1 and FoxP3+-Tregs. Together these findings demonstrate the importance of characterising the molecular and biochemical properties of YCW fractions when assessing and concluding their immune potential. Additionally, this study offers novel perspectives in the development specific YCW fractions derived from S. cerievisae for use in precision animal feeds
Metabolic attributes, yield and stability of milk in Jersey cows fed diets containing sodium citrate and sodium bicarbonate
Dietary tuna hydrolysate modulates growth performance, immune response, intestinal morphology and resistance to Streptococcus iniae in juvenile barramundi, Lates calcarifer
This study investigated the effects of tuna hydrolysate (TH) inclusion in fishmeal (FM) based diets on the growth performance, innate immune response, intestinal health and resistance to Streptococcus iniae infection in juvenile barramundi, Lates calcarifer. Five isonitrogenous and isoenergetic experimental diets were prepared with TH, replacing FM at levels of 0% (control) 5%, 10%, 15% and 20%, and fed fish to apparent satiation three times daily for 8 weeks. The results showed that fish fed diets containing 5% and 10% TH had significantly higher final body weight and specific growth rate than the control. A significant reduction in blood glucose was found in fish fed 10%, 15% and 20% TH compared to those in the control whereas none of the other measured blood and serum indices were influenced by TH inclusion. Histological observation revealed a significant enhancement in goblet cell numbers in distal intestine of fish fed 5 to 10% TH in the diet. Moreover, fish fed 10% TH exhibited the highest resistance against Streptococcus iniae infection during a bacterial challenge trial. These findings therefore demonstrate that the replacement of 5 to 10% FM with TH improves growth, immune response, intestinal health and disease resistance in juvenile barramundi
Resposta em parĂąmetros sanguĂneos e urinĂĄrios de vacas leiteiras ao aumento no balanço cĂĄtion-aniĂŽnico da dieta
Fructo-oligosaccharides and glucose homeostasis: a systematic review and meta-analysis in animal models
Suplemento mineral aniĂŽnico para vacas no periparto: parĂąmetros sanguĂneos, urinĂĄrios e incidĂȘncia de patologias de importĂąncia na bovinocultura leiteira
L'ImpĂ©ratrice EugĂ©nie, Ă mi-corps, le corps de face, la tĂȘte lĂ©gĂšrement de tr. q. Ă dr., le menton et la joue appuyĂ©s sur la main dr. ; mĂȘme costume qu'au n° De Vinck 16703 ; portrait dans un ovale : [photographie]
RĂ©fĂ©rence bibliographique : De Vinck, 16704Appartient Ă lâensemble documentaire : Est19Vinc
Dietary cation-anion difference could enhance acid-base status of lactating dairy cows submit to a subacidosis
International audienc
Dietary cation-anion difference could enhance acid-base status of lactating dairy cows submit to a subacidosis
International audienc
L'acidose latente chez la vache laitiĂšre
National audienceToday, latent acidosis is a cause of the zootechnical inefficacy of the established food rations and for this reason has become one of the major preoccupations in modern nutrition of high potential ruminants. Dairy cows are required to treat large quantities of rapidly fermentable organic matter, which imperils the control of ruminal acidity and eventually the animal's homeostasis. The risk factors are now well known. The level of ingestion, rapidly digestible carbohydrates and the excessive chopping of corn silage figure amongst these factors. Even though it is not always desirable to reduce the amount of food ingested, the risks can be reduced by limiting the intake levels of rapidly degradable carbohydrates (wheat, barley, pulp) and by surveying the physical presentation of the fodder. Unfortunately, no system yet exists that allows to precisely rationalise the food ration as a function of these factors. The intraoptimal rations can be protected by distributing buffers. More recently, it has appeared that cation enrichment and protein intake level are also factors that protect the rations. The management of the risk of appearance of latent acidosis should be preventive and should include a better overall balance of the ration. In the absence of a reliable system that predicts the zones at risk, it is preferable not to incorporate more than 20% of rapidly degradable carbohydrates in the ration, especially if the electrolytic balance is low, which is the case for wheat, barley and citrus pulp. It is also important to make sure that the forage sent to the feeding trough is not chopped too finely. The rations can also be protected by including buffering substances at a concentration of 1% DM and/or by including cations that give an electrolytic balance close to 200mEq/kg MS as well as maintain a level of protein intake close to 100g PDIE/UFL. These precautions are more efficient in managing the excess of acidity than that of hay in the ration. It is no longer necessary to include degradable proteins in excess, which will just only increase the amount of nitrogen in waste.Lâacidose latente constitue aujourdâhui une cause dâinefficacitĂ© zootechnique des rations bien Ă©tablie et est de ce fait lâune des prĂ©occupations majeure pour la nutrition moderne des ruminants Ă haut potentiel. Les vaches laitiĂšres sont amenĂ©es Ă traiter des quantitĂ©s trĂšs importantes de matiĂšre organique rapidement fermentescible dans le rumen ce qui met en pĂ©ril le contrĂŽle de lâaciditĂ© ruminale et Ă terme lâhomĂ©ostasie de lâanimal. Les facteurs Ă risques sont maintenant bien connus. Au premier rang figurent le niveau dâingestion, les glucides Ă dĂ©gradation rapide et le hachage excessif des ensilages de maĂŻs. Sâil nâest pas toujours souhaitable de rĂ©duire le niveau dâingestion, on peut rĂ©duire les risques en limitant les niveaux dâapport de glucides Ă dĂ©gradation trĂšs rapide (blĂ©, orge, pulpes) et en veillant Ă la prĂ©sentation physique du fourrage. Il nây a malheureusement pas encore de systĂšmes permettant de raisonner prĂ©cisĂ©ment les rations sur la combinaison de ces facteurs. Les rations infra-optimales peuvent ĂȘtre sĂ©curisĂ©es par la distribution de tampons. Plus rĂ©cemment, il est apparu que lâenrichissement en cations et le niveau dâapport de protĂ©ines sont aussi des facteurs de sĂ©curisation des rations. La gestion des risques dâapparition dâacidose latente doit ĂȘtre prĂ©ventive et passe par un meilleur Ă©quilibre global de la ration. En lâabsence dâun systĂšme fiable de prĂ©vision des zones Ă risques, il est prĂ©fĂ©rable de ne pas incorporer plus de 20 % de glucides rapidement dĂ©gradables dans la ration surtout si leur bilan Ă©lectrolytique est faible, ce qui est le cas du blĂ©, de lâorge et les pulpes de citrus et veiller Ă ce que le fourrage rendu dans lâauge ne soit pas hachĂ© trop finement. Les rations peuvent Ă©galement ĂȘtre sĂ©curisĂ©es par lâapport de substances tampon Ă raison de 1 % de la MS et /ou par un apport de cations permettant dâatteindre un bilan Ă©lectrolytique proche de 200 mEq/kg MS ainsi que par le maintien dâun niveau dâapport protĂ©ique proche de 100 g PDIE/UFL. Ces prĂ©cautions apparaissent plus efficaces pour gĂ©rer les excĂšs dâaciditĂ© que lâincorporation de paille dans la ration. Il nâest pas non plus nĂ©cessaire dâapporter des protĂ©ines dĂ©gradables en excĂšs ce qui nâaura dâautre effet que dâaccroĂźtre les rejets azotĂ©s