143 research outputs found
Coexpression of ERβ with ERα and Progestin Receptor Proteins in the Female Rat Forebrain: Effects of Estradiol Treatment
Estrogen and progestin receptors (ER, PgR) play a critical role in the regulation of neuroendocrine functions in females. The neuroanatomical distribution of the recently cloned, ERβ, overlaps with both ERα and PgR. To determine whether ERβ is found within ERα- or PgR-containing neurons in female rat, we used dual label immunocytochemistry. ERβ-immunoreactivity (ERβ-ir) was primarily detected in the nuclei of cells in the periventricular preoptic area (PvPO), the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis (BNSTpr), the paraventricular nucleus, the supraoptic nucleus, and the medial amygdala (MEApd). Coexpression of ERβ-ir with ERα-ir or PgR-ir was observed in the PvPO, BNSTpr, and MEApd in ovariectomized rats. E2 treatment decreased the number of ERβ-ir cells in the PvPO and BNSTpr and the number of ERα-ir cells in the MEApd and paraventricular nucleus, and therefore decreased the number of cells coexpressing ERβ-ir and ERα-ir in the PvPO, BNSTpr, and MEApd. E2 treatment increased the amount of PgR-ir in cells of the PvPO, BNSTpr, and MEApd, a portion of which also contained ERβ. These results demonstrate that ERβ is expressed in ERα- or PgR-containing cells, and they suggest that E can modulate the ratios of these steroid receptors in a brain region-specific manner
Finite Element Convergence for the Joule Heating Problem with Mixed Boundary Conditions
We prove strong convergence of conforming finite element approximations to
the stationary Joule heating problem with mixed boundary conditions on
Lipschitz domains in three spatial dimensions. We show optimal global
regularity estimates on creased domains and prove a priori and a posteriori
bounds for shape regular meshes.Comment: Keywords: Joule heating problem, thermistors, a posteriori error
analysis, a priori error analysis, finite element metho
Generalized eigenfunctions and spectral theory for strongly local Dirichlet forms
We present an introduction to the framework of strongly local Dirichlet forms
and discuss connections between the existence of certain generalized
eigenfunctions and spectral properties within this framework. The range of
applications is illustrated by a list of examples
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