Settlement in Sands Due to Cyclic Loading

Stress controlled undrained cyclic triaxial tests have been conducted on undisturbed sandy and silty soil samples obtained by special sampler in order to minimize the effect of disturbance. The influence of fines content on liquefaction - induced volumetric strains have been studied. The results indicate that cyclic mobility of sands is affected by non – plastic fines content. As fines content increase, cyclic shear strength decreases. Volumetric strain is influenced by fines content as well as shear strain and cyclic stress. At large shear strains amplitudes, an increase in percentage of fines causes more volumetric strains. Volumetric strains of silt samples are affected by cyclic shear stress more than sands

Heavy metal concentrations in Mullus barbatus and Pagellus erythrinus in relation to body size, gender, and seasonality

Marine environments have been subjected to an increase in heavy metal pollution. Investigations were conducted in the bioaccumulation of heavy metals for both a benthic (Mullus barbatus) and a benthopelagic fish species (Pagellus erythrinus). The aim of this study was to examine the concentration levels of four metals in the body tissue of two fish species, in Pagasitikos Gulf in Greece, and to determine if metal concentration levels were affected by season, size, and species. Fish samples were collected monthly from September 2009 to August 2010. Chromium (Cr), Copper (Cu), Zinc (Zn), and Cadmium (Cd) concentrations were measured in muscle, gills, vertebral column, and in the "remaining fish sample." Statistical analysis pinpointed substantial differences in metal concentration levels between some size classes. Significant differences were observed between two fish species' tissues concerning Cu, Zn, and Cd concentrations. Cu and Zn concentrations varied amongst red mullet tissues as did Zn and Cd concentrations in common pandora. Ample variations were found seasonally in metal concentration levels; however, nonsignificant statistical differences were found among sexes