Real-time imaging and tracking of microrobots in tissues using ultrasound phase analysis

Ultrasound B-mode imaging has been employed to monitor single agents and collective swarms of microrobots in vitro and ex vivo in controlled experimental conditions. However, low contrast and spatial resolution still limit the effective employment of such a method in a medical microrobotic scenario. Doppler-based ultrasound appears as a promising tool for tracking microrobots in echogenic and dynamic environments as biological tissues. In this Letter, we demonstrate that microrobot displacements can be used as a special signature for their visualization within echogenic media, where B-mode fails. To this aim, we induced vibrations of a magnetic soft microrobot through alternated magnetic fields and used ultrasound phase analysis to derive microrobot features such as size and position over time. By exploiting vibrations, we were able to perform imaging and tracking of a low contrast microrobot both in tissue-mimicking phantom and in chicken breast. The axial resolution was 38 μm, which is four times smaller than the B-mode resolution with the employed equipment. We also performed real-time tracking of the microrobot's positions along linear trajectories with a linear velocity up to 1 mm/s. Overall, the reported results pave the way for the application of the proposed approach for the robust monitoring of medical microrobots in tissue

Pengembangan Tungku Gasifikasi Arang Biomassa Tipe Natural Draft Gasification Berdasarkan Analisis Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD)

A biomass stove based on natural draft gasification (NDG) has been developed in a previous study (Nelwa, et al. 2013) by using simulation based on heat transfer and equilibrium modeling. In this study, a CFD simulation was performed in order to analyze the effect of chimney height, and inlet hole diameter of the stove to the performance of the stove. The results of simulation showed that power produced by stove was between 1863.9 J/s until 2585.7 J/s, and its gasification efficiency was 67.11%. The results of simulation also showed that charcoal gasification produces combustible gases (CO, CH4, and H2) at the bottom and the center of stove, and then they were oxidized by secondary air at the top of stove. This oxidation reaction produces sufficient heat energy which can be used for cooking process

Besaran Kerugian Nelayan Dalam Pemasaran Hasil Tangkapan : Kasus Pelabuhan Perikanan Nusantara Palabuhanratu

The Fisherman livelihoods at sea are filled with uncertainty and the catch marketing system is not optimum so that fisherman has difficulty in the capital. In this condition, the fisherman to seek capital through the process quickly and with no collateral even if in the end did'n realize that fisherman has actually entangled and lost money. The financiers in general is often called middlemen/pengijon that certain conditions have created a monopoly system because they operate from the provision of capital, the factors of production to determine the marketing of fish. The research objective was to determine how far the dependence of fishermen in obtaining capital and how much is the actual loss occurred. This study uses the case of the dependence of fisherman on middlemen in PPN Palabuhanratu by quantitative descriptive analysis. The research has gotten the results that the majority (90%) of fisherman PPN Palabuhanratu use middlemen to obtain fishing capital. This is because the lending process easier, without collateral, but most of the catch must be sold to the middleman without passing auction. Based on formulated results, the fishermen lose between 2000.00 to 5000.00 IDR/kg if their catch is sold to middlemen. Losses are also caused by the price of diesel at the middleman or the retailer is different IDR 1000.00/liter compared with it price in the pump. This loss is especially for fishing line and gillnet fisherman. The role of fishing ports would need to be optimized in efforts the fishing supplies provision and the implementation of the fish auction system as a whole in order to the small fisherman has the bargaining power in auction system and get the cash money from the catch sale.Key words: loss, the fisherman, fishing ports, PPN Palabuhanrat

Kajian Nilai Pasar Produksi Hasil Tangkapan Di Pps Nizam Zachman Dan Ppi Muara Angke (the Study of Catch Production Market Value in Pps Nizam Zachman and Ppi Muara Angke)

The catch production in a particular area especially in fishing port should also be offset by economic value of that catch. So it has a chance to enhance not only for national market but also export market. PPS Nizam Zachman and PPI Muara Angke are two main points of catch distribution center and the biggest supplier fish product in DKI Jakarta. Catch production at ports is very important to know and researched so the port users and managers can compare catches result at that ports toward fisheries production in the DKI Jakarta area, to increase the affordable price and fulfil standard quality of fish consumption. This study aimed to get the market value of catch production and knowing the factors that affect market value. The method in this research used descriptive analysis. This research resulted the index of catch production value at PPS Nizam Zachman and PPI Muara Angke from 2004 until 2013 are more than 1 and less than 1. The factors that influencethe market value of the production of the catch in PPS Nizam Zachman and PPI Muara Angke were (1) dominant fish species (76.8), whereas since dominant product landed in PPI Muara Angke was only squid, 28.40% of total catches; (2) prime handling of dominant fish species in PPS Nizam Zachman, whereas in PPI Muara Angke poor handling of auctioned fish, allowed to sunlight exposure, thus quality could not be maintained and market value can not be increased; (3) fishing gear; most equipments in PPS Nizam Zachman (76%), were able to catch fish species with important economy vallue (84.7%), whereas in PPI Muara Angke is bouke ami (40%) and (4) marketing goals in PPS Nizam Zachman which oriented on exports, whereas PPI Muara Angke which oriented on local

The NorthStar Ambulatory Assessment in Duchenne muscular dystrophy: considerations for the design of clinical trials.

With the emergence of experimental therapies for Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD), it is fundamental to understand the natural history of this disorder to properly design clinical trials. The aims of this study were to assess the effects produced on motor function by different DMD genotypes and early initiation of glucocorticoids

Kebijakan Pengelolahan Sumbedaya Air dalam Hubungannya dengan Otonomi Daerah (Studi di Propinsi Lampung)

Pengaturan dan pengolahan sumberdaya alam khususnya air dirasakan semakin kompleks dalam era otonomi daerah dan berpotensi menimbulkan konflik antar-daerah otonom apabila tidak dipahami secara komprehensif atau menyeluruh. Secara ekonomi tidak ada satu daerah pun yang mampu mandiri tanpa kerjasama dan saling berinteraksi dengan daerah lainnya. Keterkaitan antar-wilayah baik secara ekonomis ataupun ekologis menunjukkan bahwa terjadi perbedaan karakteristik dan potensi sumberdaya yang dimiliki tiap daerah, oleh karena itu pengolahan sumberdaya alam lintas kabupaten/kota harus didasari sebagai konsekuensi alami dari disparitas sumberdaya alam. Pemahaman disparitas potensi sumberdaya dapat dijadikan dasar membangun kerjasama lintas kabupaten/kota yang saling menguntungkan antar-daerah

Kebutuhan Fasilitas Pokok Pelabuhan Perikanan Pantai Lampulo 15 Tahun Mendatang (Main Facility Necessity of Lampulo Coastal Fishing Port for 15 Years for the Future)

Lampulo fishing port located in Banda Aceh. This port categorized as type C. The activity in Lampulo very dense, it is suspected due to inadequate of facilities available at the port. The aims of this study is to determine the projected increase in the production volume of the catch; determine the projected increase in the number of fishing boats; determine the needs of the dock, and harbor, for the current and future needs of 15 years. This research was conducted at the Lampulo fishing port in Banda Aceh by using a case study method. Calculation of the dock and harbour needs presently and in the next 15 years by using statistical data, namely the catch production (1), the number and size of vessel (2), direct measurement of results data objects i.e. jetty length (1), pond depth (2), ships length (3), direct observations data of the research object, namely dock facilities condition (1) port (2), the maximum draft of vessels (3) and the distance between the ship while tethered in the harbour. Based on projections of production, the total production volume in Lampulo reached 14,096 tons in 2027 or increased by 114%, but became decreased in 2028-2029 by 3,6% when compared with the production volume in 2027. The projected number of vessel fleet reached 822 units or an increase of 112% in 2029. Projected increase the size of the dock and the depth of the pool is needed for the next 15 years in the amount of 831m for landing docks and 757m for loading docks. It also required the addition of the port into a vast pool of 224.497 m2 and the depth of the pool minus 3,4 m

Knowledge, empathy, and willingness to counsel patients with HIV among Indonesian pharmacists:a national survey of stigma

This study aimed to assess the level of HIV treatment knowledge, empathy, and HIV stigma of pharmacy students and pharmacists working with patients as well as potential factors associated with stigma. This survey included 250 hospital pharmacists within 33 provinces and 1013 final-year pharmacy students from Java, the most populated island in Indonesia. The data were collected via Qualtrics® and distributed by WhatsApp. The mean age of the participants was (Mean ± SD) 24.68 ± 5.30 years, and 80.0% were female. The mean knowledge score of students and pharmacists were 14.14 ± 2.01 and 15.39 ± 1.87, respectively, out of the maximum score of 21. The mean empathy score of students and pharmacists was 72.06 ± 5.39 and 77.40 ± 1.35, respectively out of the maximum score of 105. The mean stigma score of students and pharmacists was 21.02 ± 4.65 and 20.66 ± 4.41, respectively, out of a maximum score of 48. Regression analysis showed that knowledge, empathy, and willingness to counsel patients were negatively associated with stigma. Working with patients was positively associated with stigma. A multi-level intervention including education may reduce stigma and strengthen the role of pharmacists in caring for patients