Mathematical Simulations of Deformation for the Rotation Shells with Variable Wall Thickness

Well-posed boundary value problems are constructed for calculating rotation shells of with a stiffness variable along the meridian in two directions, and also with variable bilateral with respect to the reference surface with the shell wall thickness. Algorithms for the numerical integration of systems of differential equations with variable coefficients are discussed.Well-posed boundary value problems are constructed for calculating rotation shells of with a stiffness variable along the meridian in two directions, and also with variable bilateral with respect to the reference surface with the shell wall thickness. Algorithms for the numerical integration of systems of differential equations with variable coefficients are discussed

Physics case for an LHCb Upgrade II - Opportunities in flavour physics, and beyond, in the HL-LHC era

The LHCb Upgrade II will fully exploit the flavour-physics opportunities of the HL-LHC, and study additional physics topics that take advantage of the forward acceptance of the LHCb spectrometer. The LHCb Upgrade I will begin operation in 2020. Consolidation will occur, and modest enhancements of the Upgrade I detector will be installed, in Long Shutdown 3 of the LHC (2025) and these are discussed here. The main Upgrade II detector will be installed in long shutdown 4 of the LHC (2030) and will build on the strengths of the current LHCb experiment and the Upgrade I. It will operate at a luminosity up to 2×1034 cm−2s−1, ten times that of the Upgrade I detector. New detector components will improve the intrinsic performance of the experiment in certain key areas. An Expression Of Interest proposing Upgrade II was submitted in February 2017. The physics case for the Upgrade II is presented here in more depth. CP-violating phases will be measured with precisions unattainable at any other envisaged facility. The experiment will probe b → sl+l−and b → dl+l− transitions in both muon and electron decays in modes not accessible at Upgrade I. Minimal flavour violation will be tested with a precision measurement of the ratio of B(B0 → μ+μ−)/B(Bs → μ+μ−). Probing charm CP violation at the 10−5 level may result in its long sought discovery. Major advances in hadron spectroscopy will be possible, which will be powerful probes of low energy QCD. Upgrade II potentially will have the highest sensitivity of all the LHC experiments on the Higgs to charm-quark couplings. Generically, the new physics mass scale probed, for fixed couplings, will almost double compared with the pre-HL-LHC era; this extended reach for flavour physics is similar to that which would be achieved by the HE-LHC proposal for the energy frontier

LHCb upgrade software and computing : technical design report

This document reports the Research and Development activities that are carried out in the software and computing domains in view of the upgrade of the LHCb experiment. The implementation of a full software trigger implies major changes in the core software framework, in the event data model, and in the reconstruction algorithms. The increase of the data volumes for both real and simulated datasets requires a corresponding scaling of the distributed computing infrastructure. An implementation plan in both domains is presented, together with a risk assessment analysis

Prospects of introducing microgrids in Russian industry

Improving energy efficiency keeps on being one of the most pressing problems for Russian industry. The paper aims to examine the prospects of using microgrids in Russian regions, including in the old industrial ones, to reduce energy costs of industrial enterprises. The methodological basis of the study comprises theoretical aspects of pricing within the models of retail and wholesale energy markets, tenets of uneven demand for energy under the use of microgrids. The authors apply analysis, synthesis, systematisation and statistical observation, create matrices and positioning maps and explore the parameters of energy consumption schedules at industrial enterprises of various types as well as the values of ‘common pot’ electricity transmission tariffs introduced in the subjects of the Russian Federation. The researchers develop own system of indicators for assessing the variability in the cost of electricity transmission services and present a map of Russian regions that illustrate the prospects of using microgrids and mechanisms of demand management in industrially developed regions with a view to cutting energy costs

Search for the rare hadronic decay Bs0→ppˉB_s^0\to p \bar{p}

A search for the rare hadronic decay Bs0→pp¯ is performed using proton-proton collision data recorded by the LHCb experiment at a center-of-mass energy of 13 TeV, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 6  fb-1. No evidence of the decay is found and an upper limit on its branching fraction is set at B(Bs0→pp¯)&lt;4.4(5.1)×10-9 at 90% (95%) confidence level; this is currently the world’s best upper limit. The decay mode B0→pp¯ is measured with very large significance, confirming the first observation by the LHCb experiment in 2017. The branching fraction is determined to be B(B0→pp¯)=(1.27±0.15±0.05±0.04)×10-8, where the first uncertainty is statistical, the second is systematic and the third is due to the external branching fraction of the normalization channel B0→K+π-. The combination of the two LHCb measurements of the B0→pp¯ branching fraction yields B(B0→pp¯)=(1.27±0.13±0.05±0.03)×10-8.A search for the rare hadronic decay $B_s^0\to p \bar{p}$ is performed using proton-proton collision data recorded by the LHCb experiment at a center-of-mass energy of 13 TeV, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 6 fb$^{-1}$. No evidence of the decay is found and an upper limit on its branching fraction is set at ${\cal B}(B_s^0\to p \bar{p}) < 4.4~(5.1) \times 10^{-9}$ at 90% (95%) confidence level; this is currently the world's best upper limit. The decay mode $B^0\to p \bar{p}$ is measured with very large significance, confirming the first observation by the LHCb experiment in 2017. The branching fraction is determined to be ${\cal B}(B^0\to p \bar{p}) = \rm (1.27 \pm 0.15 \pm 0.05 \pm 0.04) \times 10^{-8}$, where the first uncertainty is statistical, the second is systematic and the third is due to the external branching fraction of the normalization channel $B^0\to K^+\pi^-$. The combination of the two LHCb measurements of the $B^0\to p \bar{p}$ branching fraction yields ${\cal B}(B^0\to p \bar{p}) = \rm (1.27 \pm 0.13 \pm 0.05 \pm 0.03) \times 10^{-8}$

Amplitude analysis of the Λc+→pK−π+\Lambda^+_c\to pK^-\pi^+ decay and Λc+\Lambda^+_c baryon polarization measurement in semileptonic beauty hadron decays

An amplitude analysis of $\Lambda^+_c \to pK^-\pi^+$ decays together with a measurement of the $\Lambda^+_c$ polarization vector in semileptonic beauty hadron decays is presented. A sample of $400\,000$ candidates is selected from proton-proton collisions recorded by the LHCb detector at a center-of-mass energy of 13 TeV. An amplitude model is developed and the resonance fractions as well as two- and three-body decay parameters are reported. The mass and width of the $\Lambda(2000)$ state are also determined. A significant $\Lambda^+_c$ polarization is found. A large sensitivity of the $\Lambda^+_c \to pK^-\pi^+$ decay to the polarization is seen, making the amplitude model suitable for $\Lambda^+_c$ polarization measurements in other systems.An amplitude analysis of Λc+→pK-π+ decays together with a measurement of the Λc+ polarization vector in semiōleptonic beauty hadron decays is presented. A sample of 400 000 candidates is selected from proton-proton collisions recorded by the LHCb detector at a center-of-mass energy of 13 TeV. An amplitude model is developed and the resonance fractions as well as two- and three-body decay parameters are reported. The mass and width of the Λ(2000) state are also determined. A significant Λc+ polarization is found. A large sensitivity of the Λc+→pK-π+ decay to the polarization is seen, making the amplitude model suitable for Λc+ polarization measurements in other systems.An amplitude analysis of $\Lambda^+_c \to pK^-\pi^+$ decays together with a measurement of the $\Lambda^+_c$ polarization vector in semileptonic beauty hadron decays is presented. A sample of $400\,000$ candidates is selected from proton-proton collisions recorded by the LHCb detector at a center-of-mass energy of 13 TeV. An amplitude model is developed and the resonance fractions as well as two- and three-body decay parameters are reported. The mass and width of the $\Lambda(2000)$ state are also determined. A significant $\Lambda^+_c$ polarization is found. A large sensitivity of the $\Lambda^+_c \to pK^-\pi^+$ decay to the polarization is seen, making the amplitude model suitable for $\Lambda^+_c$ polarization measurements in other systems

Search for CPCP violation using T^\hat{T}-odd correlations in B0→ppˉK+π−B^{0} \to p \bar p K^{+} \pi^{-} decays

A search for $CP$ and $P$ violation in charmless four-body $B^{0} \to p \bar p K^{+} \pi^{-}$ decays is performed using triple-product asymmetry observables. It is based on proton-proton collision data collected by the LHCb experiment at centre-of-mass energies of $7$, $8$ and $13$ TeV, corresponding to a total integrated luminosity of $8.4$ fb$^{-1}$. The $CP$- and $P$-violating asymmetries are measured both in the integrated phase space and in specific regions. No evidence is seen for $CP$ violation. $P$-parity violation is observed at a significance of 5.8 standard deviations.A search for CP and P violation in charmless four-body B0→pp¯K+π- decays is performed using triple-product asymmetry observables. It is based on proton-proton collision data collected by the LHCb experiment at center-of-mass energies of 7, 8 and 13 TeV, corresponding to a total integrated luminosity of 8.4  fb-1. The CP- and P-violating asymmetries are measured both in the integrated phase space and in specific regions. No evidence is seen for CP violation. P-parity violation is observed at a significance of 5.8 standard deviations.A search for $CP$ and $P$ violation in charmless four-body $B^{0} \to p \bar p K^{+} \pi^{-}$ decays is performed using triple-product asymmetry observables. It is based on proton-proton collision data collected by the LHCb experiment at centre-of-mass energies of $7$, $8$ and $13$ TeV, corresponding to a total integrated luminosity of $8.4$ fb$^{-1}$. The $CP$- and $P$-violating asymmetries are measured both in the integrated phase space and in specific regions. No evidence is seen for $CP$ violation. $P$-parity violation is observed at a significance of 5.8 standard deviation

Search for the doubly heavy baryon Ξbc+\it{\Xi}_{bc}^{+} decaying to J/ψΞc+J/\it{\psi} \it{\Xi}_{c}^{+}

A first search for the decay is performed by the LHCb experiment with a data sample of proton-proton collisions, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 9 fb$^{−1}$ recorded at centre-of-mass energies of 7, 8, and 13 TeV. Two peaking structures are seen with a local (global) significance of and standard deviations at masses of 6571 and 6694 MeV/, respectively. Upper limits are set on the baryon production cross-section times the branching fraction relative to that of the decay at centre-of-mass energies of 8 and 13 TeV, in the and in the rapidity and transverse-momentum ranges from 2.0 to 4.5 and 0 to , respectively. Upper limits are presented as a function of the mass and lifetime.A first search for the $\it{\Xi}_{bc}^{+}\to J/\it{\psi}\it{\Xi}_{c}^{+}$ decay is performed by the LHCb experiment with a data sample of proton-proton collisions, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of $9\,\mathrm{fb}^{-1}$ recorded at centre-of-mass energies of 7, 8, and $13\mathrm{\,Te\kern -0.1em V}$. Two peaking structures are seen with a local (global) significance of $4.3\,(2.8)$ and $4.1\,(2.4)$ standard deviations at masses of $6571\,\mathrm{Me\kern -0.1em V\!/}c^2$ and $6694\,\mathrm{Me\kern -0.1em V\!/}c^2$, respectively. Upper limits are set on the $\it{\Xi}_{bc}^{+}$ baryon production cross-section times the branching fraction relative to that of the $B_{c}^{+}\to J/\it{\psi} D_{s}^{+}$ decay at centre-of-mass energies of 8 and $13\mathrm{\,Te\kern -0.1em V}$, in the $\it{\Xi}_{bc}^{+}$ and in the $B_{c}^{+}$ rapidity and transverse-momentum ranges from 2.0 to 4.5 and 0 to $20\,\mathrm{Ge\kern -0.1em V\!/}c$, respectively. Upper limits are presented as a function of the $\it{\Xi}_{bc}^{+}$ mass and lifetime

Search for the lepton-flavour violating decays B0→K∗0μ±e∓B^0 \to K^{*0} \mu^\pm e^\mp and Bs0→ϕμ±e∓B_s^0 \to \phi \mu^\pm e^\mp

A search for the lepton-flavour violating decays $B^0 \to K^{*0} \mu^\pm e^\mp$ and $B_s^0 \to \phi \mu^\pm e^\mp$ is presented, using proton-proton collision data collected by the LHCb detector at the LHC, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of $9\,\text{fb}^{-1}$. No significant signals are observed and upper limits of \begin{align} {\cal B}( B^0 \to K^{*0} \mu^+ e^- ) &< \phantom{1}5.7\times 10^{-9}~(6.9\times 10^{-9}),\newline {\cal B}( B^0 \to K^{*0} \mu^- e^+ ) &< \phantom{1}6.8\times 10^{-9}~(7.9\times 10^{-9}),\newline {\cal B}( B^0 \to K^{*0} \mu^\pm e^\mp ) &< 10.1\times 10^{-9}~(11.7\times 10^{-9}),\newline {\cal B}( B_s^0 \to \phi \mu^\pm e^\mp ) &< 16.0\times 10^{-9}~(19.8\times 10^{-9}) \end{align} are set at $90\%~(95\%)$ confidence level. These results constitute the world's most stringent limits to date, with the limit on the decay $B_s^0 \to \phi \mu^\pm e^\mp$ the first being set. In addition, limits are reported for scalar and left-handed lepton-flavour violating New Physics scenarios.A search for the lepton-flavour violating decays B$^{0}$ → K$^{*0}$μ$^{±}$e$^{∓}$ and ${B}_s^0$→ ϕμ$^{±}$e$^{∓}$ is presented, using proton-proton collision data collected by the LHCb detector at the LHC, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 9 fb$^{−1}$. No significant signals are observed and upper limits of${\displaystyle \begin{array}{c}\mathcal{B}\left({B}^0\to {K}^{\ast 0}{\mu}^{+}{e}^{-}\right)<5.7\times {10}^{-9}\left(6.9\times {10}^{-9}\right),\\ {}\mathcal{B}\left({B}^0\to {K}^{\ast 0}{\mu}^{-}{e}^{+}\right)<6.8\times {10}^{-9}\left(7.9\times {10}^{-9}\right),\\ {}\mathcal{B}\left({B}^0\to {K}^{\ast 0}{\mu}^{\pm }{e}^{\mp}\right)<10.1\times {10}^{-9}\left(11.7\times {10}^{-9}\right),\\ {}\mathcal{B}\left({B}_s^0\to \phi {\mu}^{\pm }{e}^{\mp}\right)<16.0\times {10}^{-9}\left(19.8\times {10}^{-9}\right)\end{array}}$are set at 90% (95%) confidence level. These results constitute the world’s most stringent limits to date, with the limit on the decay ${B}_s^0$→ ϕμ$^{±}$e$^{∓}$ the first being set. In addition, limits are reported for scalar and left-handed lepton-flavour violating New Physics scenarios.[graphic not available: see fulltext]A search for the lepton-flavour violating decays $B^0 \to K^{*0} \mu^\pm e^\mp$ and $B_s^0 \to \phi \mu^\pm e^\mp$ is presented, using proton-proton collision data collected by the LHCb detector at the LHC, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of $9\,\text{fb}^{-1}$. No significant signals are observed and upper limits of \begin{align} {\cal B}( B^0 \to K^{*0} \mu^+ e^- ) &< \phantom{1}5.7\times 10^{-9}~(6.9\times 10^{-9}),\newline {\cal B}( B^0 \to K^{*0} \mu^- e^+ ) &< \phantom{1}6.8\times 10^{-9}~(7.9\times 10^{-9}),\newline {\cal B}( B^0 \to K^{*0} \mu^\pm e^\mp ) &< 10.1\times 10^{-9}~(11.7\times 10^{-9}),\newline {\cal B}( B_s^0 \to \phi \mu^\pm e^\mp ) &< 16.0\times 10^{-9}~(19.8\times 10^{-9}) \end{align} are set at $90\%~(95\%)$ confidence level. These results constitute the world's most stringent limits to date, with the limit on the decay $B_s^0 \to \phi \mu^\pm e^\mp$ the first being set. In addition, limits are reported for scalar and left-handed lepton-flavour violating New Physics scenarios