Characteristics of Antlerogenic Stem Cells and Their Potential Application

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Disturbance of gene expression in endometrial cancer as therapy aim

Summary Endometrial carcinoma is the most common gynecological cancer in women in developed countries. Two types of endometrial cancer, type I (estrogen-related) and type II (estrogen-unrelated), may be distinguished on the basis of molecular and clinicopathological characteristics. The article presents the most common mutations leading to the development of endometrial carcinomas such as PTEN (Phosphatase and Tensin Homolog), overexpression of COX-2 gene, VEGF (Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor), ErbB-2 (HER2) proto-oncogene. Also, new strategies of treatment of this disease, based on directed drugs with specific mechanism of drug action, have been described. Those drugs offer considerable hope in treating advanced stages of metastatic cancers, particularly combined with chemotherapy. Knowledge of pathomechanisms of endometrial cancer, together with proper selection of patients, proceeded by tests which determine changes of gene expressions, may significantly improve the efficiency of the treatment. The authors present available publications on the subject of clinical research regarding new drugs used in monotherapy and combined therapy of endometrial carcinoma

Evaluation of Expression of the PTEN Gene, Oestrogen and Progesterone Receptors as Diagnostic and Predictive Factors in Endometrial Cancer

Endometrial cancer belongs to the commonest malignancy in females after breast cancer, malignant neoplasm of female genitals in Europe and North America but there is still not significant improvement as far as the curability of this neoplasm is concerned, especially its advanced forms. That is why there is need to define new factors that could be not only diagnostic but also predictve factors. In present study we analyzed the mRNA PTEN expression by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (Q-PCR) in 123 women of endometrial carcinoma and 14 women of control group. Moreover we assessed oestrogen (ER) and progesterone receptors (PgR) in all cases. We defined the correlation between expression of PTEN gene and receptors and between PTEN expression and maturity grade of cancer. Neoplasm advancement grade G1 was diagnosed in 82.11 % of patients (n = 101), G2 in 9.76 % of patients (n = 12) and G3 in 8.13 % of patients (n = 10). Presence of ER and PgR and decreased expression of PTEN gene was found in majority of patients with endometrial cancer (79.12 % and 59.34 % respectively) and the most numerous group was with weak expression of ER and strong expression of PgR. There was no statistically significant difference in gene expression depending on receptors expression nor maturity grade of cancer (p > 0.05). Evaluation of expression of PTEN gene may turn out to be a very useful tool aimed at qualifying patients for different therapies of endometrial cancer and at searching of new diagnostic and therapeutic methods of this cancer independently on its receptor status nor maturity grade of cancer

Simultaneous Measurement of the DPOAE Signal Amplitude and Phase Changes

Although the phenomenon of otoacoustic emission has been known for nearly 30 years, it has not been fully explained yet. One kind of otoacoustic emission is distortion product of the otoacoustic emission (DPOAE). New aspects of this phenomenon are constantly discovered and attempts are made to interpret correctly the obtained results. This paper discusses a new method of measuring DPOAE signals based on double phase-sensitive detection, which makes possible a real-time measurement of the DPOAE signal amplitude and phase. The method was applied for measurements of DPOAE signals in guinea pigs. Sample records are presented and the obtained results are discussed

Influence of 40 Hz and 100 Hz Vibration on SH-SY5Y Cells Growth and Differentiation—A Preliminary Study

(1) Background: A novel bioreactor platform of neuronal cell cultures using low-magnitude, low-frequency (LMLF) vibrational stimulation was designed to discover vibration influence and mimic the dynamic environment of the in vivo state. To better understand the impact of 40 Hz and 100 Hz vibration on cell differentiation, we join biotechnology and advanced medical technology to design the nano-vibration system. The influence of vibration on the development of nervous tissue on the selected cell line SH-SY5Y (experimental research model in Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s) was investigated. (2) Methods: The vibration stimulation of cell differentiation and elongation of their neuritis were monitored. We measured how vibrations affect the morphology and differentiation of nerve cells in vitro. (3) Results: The highest average length of neurites was observed in response to the 40 Hz vibration on the collagen surface in the differentiating medium, but cells response did not increase with vibration frequency. Also, vibrations at a frequency of 40 Hz or 100 Hz did not affect the average density of neurites. 100 Hz vibration increased the neurites density significantly with time for cultures on collagen and non-collagen surfaces. The exposure of neuronal cells to 40 Hz and 100 Hz vibration enhanced cell differentiation. The 40 Hz vibration has the best impact on neuronal-like cell growth and differentiation. (4) Conclusions: The data demonstrated that exposure to neuronal cells to 40 Hz and 100 Hz vibration enhanced cell differentiation and proliferation. This positive impact of vibration can be used in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. It is planned to optimize the processes and study its molecular mechanisms concerning carrying out the research