Recurrent Respiratory Papillomatosis (RRP)—Juvenile Onset

In this article, we describe the treatment of long standing juvenile-onset recurrent respiratory papillomatosis (JORRP) with eventual transformation to carcinoma in a patient who lived to the age of 73. Treatment modalities consisted of bronchoscopy and local excision initially. Later, YAG and CO2 laser debulking were used. Radiotherapy, chemotherapy with carboplatin (300 mg/m2) and 5-FU (600 mg/m2), oral methotrexate (5–7.5 mg/week), pegylated Interferon, indole-3-carbamide, and intralesional cidofovir were also utilized in the treatment of this patient. Except for methotrexate, each of the treatment regimens used in this patient, initially decreased growth of the papillomas and improved symptoms experienced by the patient. Interestingly, we found that this patient’s long standing JORRP initially responded to a chemotherapy regimen of 4 cycles of carboplatin (300 mg/m2) and 5-FU (600 mg/m2) as well. Ultimately, the disease became resistant to all forms of treatment and progressed. The patient eventually succumbed to the disease after an approximate 77 year course

Mitochondrial physiology

As the knowledge base and importance of mitochondrial physiology to evolution, health and disease expands, the necessity for harmonizing the terminology concerning mitochondrial respiratory states and rates has become increasingly apparent. The chemiosmotic theory establishes the mechanism of energy transformation and coupling in oxidative phosphorylation. The unifying concept of the protonmotive force provides the framework for developing a consistent theoretical foundation of mitochondrial physiology and bioenergetics. We follow the latest SI guidelines and those of the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC) on terminology in physical chemistry, extended by considerations of open systems and thermodynamics of irreversible processes. The concept-driven constructive terminology incorporates the meaning of each quantity and aligns concepts and symbols with the nomenclature of classical bioenergetics. We endeavour to provide a balanced view of mitochondrial respiratory control and a critical discussion on reporting data of mitochondrial respiration in terms of metabolic flows and fluxes. Uniform standards for evaluation of respiratory states and rates will ultimately contribute to reproducibility between laboratories and thus support the development of data repositories of mitochondrial respiratory function in species, tissues, and cells. Clarity of concept and consistency of nomenclature facilitate effective transdisciplinary communication, education, and ultimately further discovery

Mitochondrial physiology

As the knowledge base and importance of mitochondrial physiology to evolution, health and disease expands, the necessity for harmonizing the terminology concerning mitochondrial respiratory states and rates has become increasingly apparent. The chemiosmotic theory establishes the mechanism of energy transformation and coupling in oxidative phosphorylation. The unifying concept of the protonmotive force provides the framework for developing a consistent theoretical foundation of mitochondrial physiology and bioenergetics. We follow the latest SI guidelines and those of the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC) on terminology in physical chemistry, extended by considerations of open systems and thermodynamics of irreversible processes. The concept-driven constructive terminology incorporates the meaning of each quantity and aligns concepts and symbols with the nomenclature of classical bioenergetics. We endeavour to provide a balanced view of mitochondrial respiratory control and a critical discussion on reporting data of mitochondrial respiration in terms of metabolic flows and fluxes. Uniform standards for evaluation of respiratory states and rates will ultimately contribute to reproducibility between laboratories and thus support the development of data repositories of mitochondrial respiratory function in species, tissues, and cells. Clarity of concept and consistency of nomenclature facilitate effective transdisciplinary communication, education, and ultimately further discovery